Legionnaires' disease in South Australia, 1979-1988

Laboratory investigations supported the diagnosis of legionella pneumonia in 108 patients in South Australia over the past 10 years. Legionella pneumophila was responsible for 91 infections: the serogroup-1 strain caused 81 of these. L. pneumophila serogroup 2 was the only other strain of L. pneumophila that was isolated from patients; it caused infection in eight patients. In two patients, the serological results did not distinguish between infection with L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and serogroup 2. Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 accounted for the remaining 17 infections. Serological tests were used to make the diagnoses in 77 cases. Legionella spp. were isolated from 24 patients and were identified in the respiratory-tract secretions of a further seven cases by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. L. longbeachae serogroup 1 first was isolated from a patient with pneumonia in South Australia in May, 1987. Since then it has been isolated from specimens from six other patients. No evidence exists for a common-source outbreak of L. longbeachae but an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease that was caused by L. pneumophila serogroup 1 occurred in South Australia in 1986.     

高龄女性累积胚胎后移植与非累积胚胎移植的妊娠结局分析

目的 比较40岁以上高龄女性累积胚胎后移植与非累积胚胎进行移植的妊娠结局。方法选择40岁以上且使用自身卵子进行冻融胚胎移植助孕229例不孕症妇女共338个周期资料,根据患者是否累积胚胎移植分为两组分析妊娠结局。 结果40~49岁女性随着年龄增高,基础卵泡刺激素水平升高（P<0.05）,获卵数减少（P<0.05）,临床妊娠率和持续妊娠率下降（P<0.05）。在40岁妇女中,累积胚胎移植组的临床妊娠率和持续妊娠率均高于非累积胚胎移植组（42.9% vs. 24.6%,P<0.05）,对于41岁、42岁、≥43岁,两组的临床妊娠率、持续妊娠率及早期流产率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论对于40岁不孕妇女,多次取卵累积胚胎后移植有助于提高临床妊娠率,对41岁以上女性累积胚胎对于助孕结局的益处有限。     

番禺区35～70岁部分妇女乳腺癌普查结果分析

目的：通过对番禺区部分妇女乳腺癌普查情况分析,了解区内乳腺癌的发病情况。方法：2007—2009年对番禺区10012名35～70岁妇女进行乳腺检查,询问生活史、乳腺临床触诊,结合钼靶及彩色B超检查,对有肿块者作病理活检确诊。结果：在本次普查中35～70岁妇女乳腺癌患病率0．699％o（7／10012）,50～59岁组为本地区乳腺癌高发年龄阶段,发病率为1．02％o（2／1965）。结论：番禺区妇女乳腺癌发病率较高,值得大家引起重视,应加强宣传,建立早期普查的正确观念。     

新鲜周期全胚冷冻策略不影响体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠及产科结局:≤35岁患者的疗效分析

目的 比较新鲜周期行全胚冻存年轻患者和新鲜胚胎移植的临床妊娠结局及新生儿的产科结局,评价该策略的安全性及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月~2015年12月在本中心进行体外受精-胚胎移植助孕治疗的卵巢功能正常的年龄≤35岁患者共2091个周期.促排卵治疗后全部胚胎冷冻,其后行第一周期冷冻复苏移植术的年轻患者796例为研究组,同期促排卵治疗后立即行新鲜周期移植的年轻患者1295例为对照组.分析比较两组间临床妊娠结局及分娩结局.结果 两组患者平均不孕年限无统计学差异(P>0.05),平均年龄全胚冷冻组低于新鲜周期移植组(29.5岁vs 30.2岁)有统计学差异(P<0.05).两组患者促排卵天数和移植时子宫内膜厚度无统计学差异(P>0.05),全胚冷冻组促排卵总促性腺激素剂量较新鲜移植组低(P<0.05),取卵前雌激素水平全胚组为12973 pmol/L,明显高于新鲜移植组8673 pmol/L,平均获卵数全胚组是新鲜组的1.5倍,差异均有显著性(P<0.05).两组患者临床妊娠率及活产率均无统计学差异(P>0.05),全胚冷冻组无卵巢过度刺激综合征发生,而新鲜移植组有20例发生中、重度卵巢过度刺激,差异有显著性(P=0.000).两组患者的分娩孕周及新生儿平均体质量均无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论 新鲜周期治疗中出现中、重度卵巢过度刺激综合征倾向取消新鲜周期移植而进行全胚冻存,择期行解冻移植,可获得满意的临床妊娠结局及产科结局,是预防晚发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的一种理想方法.     

新疆克拉玛依市和浙江丽水市35岁以上汉族人群鼾症流行病学调查

目的:调查新疆克拉玛依市区及浙江丽水市区35岁以上汉族人群鼾症的患病率,并分析其相关危险因素.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,于2007年4-12月对新疆克拉玛依市区及浙江丽水市区35岁以上汉族常住居民进行入户睡眠问卷调查.睡眠问卷采用柏林国际睡眠问卷结合Epworth嗜睡量表评分整合而成.结果 调查人数为2 171人,其中克拉玛依市区1 018人,浙江丽水市区1 153人,有效问卷2 138份(有效率为91.1%).克拉玛依市区汉族人群鼾症患病率为59.6%,浙江丽水市汉族人群鼾症患病率为39.9%,中、重度鼾症患病率分别为33.5%和8.8%,60岁之前打鼾患病率随年龄增加而增加,鼾症患病率随体重质数(BMI)、颈围、腹围的增加而增加.结论 鼾症患病率存在地区差异,克拉玛依市区35岁以上汉族人群鼾症患病率高于浙江丽水市区,年龄、性别、体重指数、颈围、腹围、ESS评分是鼾症的危险因素.     

Maternal mortality in women aged 35 years or older: United States

To examine maternal mortality among women aged 35 years or older, we used death certificates from the United States for 1974 through 1978. There were 425 maternal deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 58.3 deaths per 100,000 live births. This rate was higher than the rate for women 20 through 34 years of age (race-adjusted relative risk [RR] = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 4.4). The leading causes of death were obstetric hemorrhage and embolism. Black women had higher mortality rates than white women for deaths without abortive outcomes (RR = 3.3; CI, 2.7 to 4.1) and with abortive outcomes (RR = 9.4; 95% CI, 5.8 to 15.3), and the latter difference was largely due to a higher rate of deaths associated with ectopic pregnancy among black women. From 1974 through 1978, compared with 1982, maternal mortality rates for women aged 35 years or older reported by the National Center for Health Statistics declined approximately 50%. Among white women, changes in age and parity accounted for less than half of this decrease, suggesting that improvements have occurred in age- and parity-specific mortality for women aged 35 years or older.     

海南省2014—2018年35~64岁妇女乳腺癌筛查结果分析

目的 分析海南省2014—2018年妇女乳腺癌筛查结果,了解乳腺癌的项目实施及全省妇女乳腺疾病的发病情况。方法 根据海南省统一的标准总结2014—2018年乳腺癌筛查项目213 321例的临床资料,对乳腺癌筛查结果及项目实施情况进行统计学分析。结果 2014—2018年海南省妇女乳腺癌筛查总任务数为172 000,实际检查总人数为213 321,任务完成率为124.02%,实际检查总人数中既往接受过乳腺癌筛查的人数为93 127,占43.66%。彩超检查、X线检查、病理检查的可疑检出率分别为4.98%、44.74%、32.67%,各项检查不同年份间可疑检出率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。5年间乳腺良性疾病共检出13 885例,异常个案阳性检出率为6.51%,乳腺纤维腺瘤、导管内乳头状瘤、其他良性疾病的检出率分别为1.04%、0.04%、5.43%,不同年份间不同乳腺良性疾病的异常/可疑检出率存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。5年间组织病理学异常个案阳性检出率为53.91/10万。乳腺癌、癌前病变的检出率分别为41.25/10万、10.78/10万。调整年龄结构后,2014—2018的乳腺癌标化患病率分别为51.53/10万,33.87/10万,59.26/10万,40.87/10万,36.14/10万,5年乳腺癌标化患病率为44.20/10万。乳腺癌随访率为91.30%,乳腺癌治疗率为83.48%。结论 海南省乳腺癌检查项目取得了一定的成效,仍需政府加大投入,扩大乳腺癌筛查范围,完善可疑/异常病例追访制度,进一步提高基层医务人员的筛检水平,提高筛查效能。     

The incidence and distribution of RSI in South Australia 1980-81 to 1986-87

Despite the human and financial cost of repetition strain injury (RSI), comprehensive incidence data have been lacking. A unique opportunity exists to obtain such data in South Australia, where since 1980-81 the Australian Bureau of Statistics has assigned all injuries, not explicitly diagnosed as diseases but stated as having been caused by repetitive movement, to a unique "type of accident" code, and has subclassified them according to bodily location. The statistical profile of diseases and accidents affecting the upper limb resulting from repetitive movement is not simply one of a keyboard operators' epidemic. Rather, it has revealed a problem which is endemic in sections of the blue-collar workforce, in whom both the numbers and the incidence rates are higher than in keyboard operators, and were higher even when the incidence in keyboard operators peaked in 1984-85. These conditions have been especially frequent in particular sections of the female blue-collar workforce, and interventions which have resulted in (or coincided with) benefits to keyboard operators have failed to improve the situation in the former group. It is suggested that the groups most at risk are female workers performing unfulfilling, unskilled tasks, and that interventions to benefit these workers will have to give attention to more fundamental issues than those hitherto addressed.     

70岁以上老年乳腺癌病理分析

目的:探讨70岁以上老年乳腺癌病理特点。方法:回顾分析46例70岁以上老年乳腺癌患者病理分类、雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体(CerbB-2)、淋巴结转移等预后因子,以同期629例70岁以下乳腺癌患者作为对照组。结果:70岁以上老年乳腺癌较对照组ER阳性率高(P=0.04)、CerbB-2过表达率低(P=0.02)。结论:70岁以上老年乳腺癌患者往往分化程度更高、侵袭性更低、预后更好,可能ER表达率更高、CerbB-2过表达率低能解释上述临床特点。     

75岁以上高龄患者非体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的远期疗效

目的：分析75岁以上高龄患者行非体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）的远期疗效及其危险因素。方法2000年11月~2013年11月,97例75岁以上高龄患者由同一术者完成非体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术。统计重症监护病房（ICU）时间、机械通气时间、术后并发症发生率及死亡率等围术期结果。出院后随访包括全因死亡及主要心脑血管不良（MACCE）事件（心肌梗死、脑血管事件、重复再血管化）。结果围术期死亡3例,在院死亡率3%,随访成功率93.81%,随访时间为（29-192）（95.61±34.07）个月。10年生存率为62%,10年MACCE事件免除率为47.4%。随访期间6例（6.8%）患者进行了重复再血管化,12例（12.37%）患者出现脑血管事件,5例（5.15%）出现心梗。Logistic回归分析显示术前合并高血压（OR=1.388,P=0.043）、糖尿病（OR=1.692,P=0.017）是高龄患者OPCAB术后远期MACCE事件的独立风险预测因素,而不完全再血管化并不会增加术后主要心脑血管不良事件（MACCE）事件发生率。结论高龄冠心病患者行非体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术是一种安全有效的手术方法,远期效果满意。高血压、糖尿病是高龄患者OPCAB术后发生MACCE事件的危险因素,但术后良好地控制血压及血糖可以有效降低MACCE事件的发生率,而不完全再血管化并不会对远期疗效产生不良影响。     

Pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease

Background As the Shanghai Obstetrical Cardiology Intensive Care Center, our hospital has accumulated a large number of clinical data of pregnant women with heart disease. This paper is a retrospective analysis of 1142 pregnancies in women with heart disease so as to evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of these patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out for pregnancies in 1142 women with heart disease who delivered in Shanghai Obstetrical Cardiology Intensive Care Center between 1993 and 2007.Results In this study, main heart diseases in pregnancy were arrhythmia （n=359, 31.4%）, congenital heart disease （CHD; n=291,25.5%）, and myocarditis and its sequelae （n=284, 24.9%）; based on the functional classification criteria of New York Heart Association （NYHA）, more than half （n=678, 59.4%） of patients were classified NYHA Class Ⅰ; pregnant women in NHYA Class Ⅰ-Ⅱ （n=951, 83.3%） commonly had arrhythmia, myocarditis and its sequelae, while those in NHYA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ （n=191, 16.7%） mainly had CHD, rheumatic heart disease （RHD）, cardiopathy induced by hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy, and peripartum cardiomyopathy （PPCM）. Cardiac failure occurred in 97 （8.5%）patients, and 8 （0.7%） maternal deaths and 12 （1.1%） perinatal deaths were reported in this study. Compared with those in NHYA Class Ⅰ-Ⅱ, women in NHYA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ had a significantly lower gestational age at birth （P 〈0.05）, lower birth weight （P 〈0.01）, and higher incidence of preterm delivery, small for gestational age and perinatal death （P 〈0.01）. The incidence of cardiac failure in pregnant women with cardiopathy induced by hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and PPCM was relatively high, with a rate of 80% and 52.2%, respectively. After cardiac operation, 131（90.3%） women were in classified NHYA Class Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 14 （9.7%） in NHYA Class Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Conclusions Arrhythmia is the type of heart disease that has a highest incidence in patients with heart disease in pregnancy, while main types of heart disease that impair cardiac function are CHD and RHD; cardiac failure is more frequently caused by cardiopathy induced by hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy and PPCM; impaired cardiac function increases perinatal morbidity; cardiac surgery before pregnancy could improve the cardiac function.