大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的放大内镜及病理特征分析

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）的镜下形态、腺管开口类型和病理特征间的关系。方法对10例LST可疑病变行0.3%靛胭脂喷洒染色,确定病变范围后以放大肠镜观察腺管开口类型,作病理活检并与术后病理类型对照。结果10例LST患者内镜下大体形态分型：颗粒均一型3例,结节混合型6例,扁平隆起型1例。腺管开口类型：ⅢL型4例,Ⅳ型6例,未发现Ⅴ型腺管开口。术后病理类型：管状腺瘤4例,伴腺体轻度异型增生;管状绒毛状腺瘤5例,均伴腺体中-重度异型增生,其中1例合并粘膜内癌;绒毛状腺瘤1例,腺体重度异型增生,伴黏膜内癌。术前内镜活检与术后病理结果一致者仅3例。结论大肠侧向发育肿瘤并非少见。内镜下黏膜染色结合放大内镜观察可有效确定病变范围、形态和腺管开口类型,初步判定病理类型以指导治疗。LST镜下形态以结节混合型多见,术后病理类型多为管状绒毛状腺瘤。腺管开口类型多为Ⅳ型。Ⅳ型腺管开口的病变也可合并早期大肠癌。内镜下活检不能代替术后病理检查。     

放大内镜及实体镜检查结肠肿瘤性病变(附139例报告)

目的探讨如何通过放大内镜观察到的大肠粘膜腺管开口类型发现早期大肠癌及癌前病变。方法2001年8月~2002年2月结肠镜检查139例大肠病变,采用内镜下粘膜染色技术,结合放大内镜、实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型(pit分型)并与病理诊断对照,pit分型采用工藤分型。结果139例患者中发现大肠息肉124例,进展期癌9例,侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)型病变5例,ⅡC病变1例。LST直径10~50 mm,其中ⅢL型1个,Ⅳ型4个。本组放大内镜与病理、实体镜诊断符合率较高。结论大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,如发现有Ⅴ型腺管开口时则高度提示早期癌的可能。     

放大内镜联合内镜智能分光比色技术对胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值

目的: 探讨放大内镜联合富士能电子分光内镜技术(FICE)对胃癌及癌前病变的诊断价值.方法: 收集消化内镜检查患者109例,共116处病灶,用放大内镜联合FICE技术及染色放大内镜观察胃黏膜腺管开口和微血管形态,将其分为6型(Ⅰ~Ⅲ型为胃黏膜腺管结构清晰,微血管形态分别为规则清晰、不规则、模糊不清;Ⅳ~Ⅵ型为胃黏膜腺管结构不规则模糊,微血管形态分别为规则清晰、不规则、模糊不清),并行活检组织学病理检查,将分型结合病理结果进行分析.结果: FICE放大内镜对腺管开口分型的诊断优于常规放大内镜(P< 0.01);FICE放大内镜与染色放大内镜图像相比,能更清晰显示胃黏膜微细血管形态结构(P< 0.01),两者在显示腺管开口方面差异无统计学意义(P >0.05).胃黏膜腺管开口规则清楚的病灶中(Ⅰ～Ⅲ型)均未发现癌变,仅有1例高级别内瘤变;高级别内瘤变及癌变均集中于胃黏膜腺管开口不规则模糊病灶中(Ⅳ～Ⅵ型).结论: 利用放大内镜联合FICE技术观察胃黏膜细微结构,能更加精确地引导活检,提高胃癌内镜诊断的准确性.     

放大内镜及实体镜检查结肠肿瘤性病变（附139例报告）

目的 探讨如何通过放大内镜观察到的大肠粘膜腺管开口类型发现早期大肠癌及癌前病变。方法 2001年8月屯002年2月结肠镜检查139例大肠病变，采用内镜下粘膜染色技术，结合放大内镜、实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型(pit分型)并与病理诊断对照，pit分型采用工藤分型。结果 139例患者中发现大肠息肉124例，进展期癌9例，侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)型病变5例，ⅡC病变1例。LST直径10～50mm，其中ⅢL型1个，Ⅳ型4个。本组放大内镜与病理、实体镜诊断符合率较高。结论 大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义，如发现有V型腺管开口时则高度提示早期癌的可能。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤内镜下的诊断及治疗

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（Laterally Spreading Tumor,LST）内镜下的诊断与治疗价值,以及LST的临床意义。方法使用Olympus CF—Q260AI和CF—H260AZI电子肠镜,对2008年6月至2009年6月在我院作肠镜检查的患者（共3962例）,在发现病变后采用0．4％靛胭脂行病变粘膜染色,放大内镜观察,确定病变腺管开口分型,择期进行粘膜剥离切除术（EMR）或分片粘膜切除术（EPMR）治疗。结果检出LST患者26例,检出率0.66％,病变数31个,其中直肠11个,乙状结肠5个,降结肠2个,横结肠4个,升结肠9个;颗粒均一型11个,结节混合型18个,扁平隆起型2个;表现为ⅢL型腺管开口7个（22．6％）,Ⅳ型腺管开口19个（61．3％）,兼有ⅢL型及Ⅳ型腺管开口5个（16．1％）。全部病例行EMR或EPMR治疗,未发生任何出血或穿孔等并发症。3个（9．7％）病理提示局部癌变。结论提高LST的临床检出率须应用粘膜染色技术和放大内镜。LST的腺管开口大多数表现为ⅢL型或Ⅳ型,而ⅢL型腺管开口多为管状腺瘤,Ⅳ型腺管开口多为绒毛状腺瘤,LST与大肠癌关系密切,对其应足够重视。治疗上采用内镜下粘膜剥离术是安全可行的。     

放大内镜及黏膜染色在大肠息肉诊断中的应用

目的 探讨放大内镜及肠镜下黏膜染色在大肠息肉诊断中的应用价值。 方法 对31例112枚息肉行常规大肠镜检查,确定息肉的部位、数目及形态特点后,镜下喷洒0．4％靛胭脂进行黏膜染色,放大内镜观察其腺管开口的类型。 结果 25枚炎性息肉中,4枚腺管开口为Ⅰ型,21枚为Ⅱ型;37枚增生性息肉中,18枚腺管开口为Ⅰ型,18枚腺管开口为Ⅱ型,1枚为Ⅳ型;33枚管状腺瘤中,30枚腺管开口为ⅢL型,1枚为Ⅱ型伴局部Ⅲs型,1枚为Ⅱ型伴局部ⅢL型,1枚为Ⅳ型;17枚绒毛状腺瘤或管状绒毛腺瘤中,14枚腺管开口为Ⅳ型,1枚腺管开口为ⅢL型,1枚为Ⅳ型伴局部Ⅵ型,1枚为Ⅳ型伴局部VN型。 结论应用放大内镜和黏膜染色技术,有助于根据腺管开口类型判断其可能的病理组织学类型,对治疗方法的选择及疗效和预后的判定有指导意义。     

50例结肠息肉腺管开口的放大内镜观察分析

目的:探讨放大内镜观察腺管开口分型对大肠息肉性病变的诊断价值。方法:肠镜检查中发现息肉性病变后,病灶部位喷洒0.4%靛胭脂,采用放大内镜观察病灶粘膜腺管开口形态,按Kudo分型作病灶性质判断,并与切除或活检组织病理学检查比较。结果:检出大肠息肉性病变50个,非肿瘤性息肉19个,占38%,其中增生性息肉3个(6%),炎症性息肉16个(32%);腺瘤性息肉28个,占56%;进展期大肠癌3例(6%)。非肿瘤性息肉腺管开口均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ型腺管开口;腺瘤型息肉腺管开口为ⅢL、Ⅲs、Ⅳ型分别占22%、12%、12%,3例进展期癌均表现为粘膜腺管开口破坏无结构,为ⅤN型。结论:大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性非肿瘤性病变以及早期结肠癌具有重要意义,V型腺管开口高度提示癌的可能,对指导内镜治疗或手术切除具有重要意义。     

采用腺管开口分型和内镜黏膜切除术诊治大肠肿瘤

目的 探讨早期大肠癌及癌前病变的诊治新方法。方法 2000年11月-2001年8月结肠镜检查1250例采用内镜下黏膜染色技术。结合放大内镜,实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型（pit分型）,并与病理诊断对照,pit分型采用工藤分型。内镜黏膜切除术50例次。结果 282例患者发现大肠隆起,扁平等不同病变共478个。共检出大肠黏膜内癌3例。黏膜下癌1例,进展期癌57例,其中Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅱa Ⅱc病变44个,LST型病变16个,直径16-58mm,其中Ⅱ型1个,ⅢL6个,Ⅳ8个,Ⅴa型1个,2例黏膜内癌,1例Ⅱa Ⅱc病变,肿瘤已浸润到浅肌层,内镜下行内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）或内镜下分片黏膜切除术（EPMR）治疗50例次,包括侧向发育肿瘤（LST）病变14个,Ⅱa病变22个,Ⅱb病变14个,结论 大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性,非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,Ⅴ型腺管开口高度提示早期癌的可能,内镜下黏膜切除术适合于大肠平坦型病变的切除。为完全,有效的方法。     

临床评估黏膜染色提高早期大肠癌的诊断率及内镜下治疗价值

目的探讨和分析黏膜染色对早期大肠癌的诊断和内镜下治疗的价值。方法对我院收治的250例小病变患者采用0.4靛胭脂进行黏膜染色,同时对腺管开口和分型进行观察,对早期大肠癌采用直接切除或者采用内镜下黏膜切除手术治疗。结果腺管开口分型：I型：146例（活检病理正常黏膜96例、炎性病变50例）;Ⅱ型：20例（增生性病变14例、炎性病变4例、管状腺瘤2例）;Ⅲs型：6例（腺癌4例、腺瘤2例）;ⅢL型：26例（腺瘤样息肉20例、早期肠癌6例）;Ⅳ型：32例（绒毛状腺瘤20例、腺瘤8例、腺癌4例）;V型：20例（腺癌12例、早期肠癌8例）。对早期肠癌和有蒂以及亚蒂的患者直接采用高频电进行切除治疗;8例平坦和凹陷病变患者,经过EMR后,病理证实为早期癌。结论临床上,采用靛胭脂进行黏膜染色和腺管开口分型,能够有效地提高对早期大肠癌的诊断率,同时采用内镜下进行治疗,减轻患者的痛苦。     

内镜下大肠黏膜微细结构改变中BRCA1蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:通过检测BRCA1蛋白在大肠黏膜微细结构改变中的表达,探讨BRCA1蛋白在不同大肠黏膜病变腺管开口分型中表达的临床意义?方法:根据Kudo分型方法,染色放大内镜下大肠黏膜病变腺管开口分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ型;其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ型为非肿瘤性病变,ⅢL~Ⅳ型为腺瘤,Ⅴ型为癌性病变,所有病变诊断结果均由病理学证实?应用免疫组化方法检测活检组织BRCA1蛋白的表达?结果:染色放大内镜下检出Ⅰ~Ⅴ型息肉样病变256枚,其中非肿瘤性病变(73例),肿瘤性病变(183例);随着大肠腺管分型序数的递增,BRCA1蛋白的阳性表达率逐渐增加,各腺管分型之间的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.000 1);癌性病变BRCA1蛋白的阳性率明显高于腺瘤性病变和非肿瘤性病变(P < 0.000 1)?结论:随着大肠腺管分型序数的递增,BRCA1蛋白的阳性率逐渐增加,尤其在内镜诊断的大肠癌性病变中有着较高的表达率?因此,染色放大内镜下观察大肠黏膜微细结构改变的同时联合检测BRCA1蛋白的表达有助于大肠癌的早期发现?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.