乳腺粘液腺癌的临床特性分析

乳腺粘液腺癌临床少见，并且预后明显好于各种类型的乳腺浸润癌。本实验应用流式细胞检测技术对１４例乳腺粘液腺癌的石蜡包埋组织标本进行了ＤＮＡ指数（ＤＩ）、增殖指数（ＰＩ）测定，作者结合其临床和病理学特点进行分析。结果表乳腺粘液腺癌病人的预后随肿瘤组织产生的粘液量的增加而变得更好。     

乳腺粘液腺癌临床病理观察结果与预后关系

目的:观察乳腺粘液腺癌临床病理特征.方法:采用HE和免疫组化染色对15例乳腺粘液腺癌进行病理形态学观察,并结合临床资料综合分析.结果:15例乳腺粘液腺癌中单纯型11例,混合型4例.单纯型ER、PR染色阳性率分别为81.8%及63.6%.C-erbB-2染色阳性率36.4%;混合型ER、PR染色阳性率分别为25%及50%,C-erbB-2阳性率75%.结论:单纯型粘液腺癌较混合型粘液腺癌腋下淋巴结转移率低,预后好.     

23例宫颈粘液腺癌临床分析

我院自1965.1～1985.12住院治疗的宫颈粘液腺癌共23例。同期宫颈腺癌为141例,宫颈粘液腺癌占腺癌的16.3％。宫颈粘液腺癌由于其临床及病理学的特殊性,增加其早诊的困难,而致预后不良。本文回顾性分析,按长期随访的结果探讨其诊治的方法。     

乳腺粘液腺癌临床病理观察结果与预后关系

目的：观察乳腺粘液腺癌临床病理特征。方法：采用HE和免疫组化染色对15例乳腺粘液腺癌进行病理形态学观察，并结合临床资料综合分析。结果：15例乳腺粘液腺癌中单纯型11例，混合型4例。单纯型ER、PR染色阳性率分别为81．8％及63．6％。c—erbB-2染色阳性率36．4％；混合型ER、PR染色阳性率分别为25％及50％，c—erbB-2阳性率75％。结论：单纯型粘液腺癌较混合型粘液腺癌腋下淋巴结转移率低，预后好。     

肝粘液腺癌术后护理

肝粘液腺癌是一罕见的肿瘤疾病，其护理无资料可借鉴，只是估计患者可能发生的并发症和已出现的临床症状制定护理措施。我科１９９４年１０月建科以来共收治２例，男女各１例，年龄均为６２岁。现将我们的护理体会报告如下。肝粘液腺癌因无特异临床体征，早期实验室检查无...     

乳腺印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌的临床病理分析

目的 :比较研究乳腺印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌的临床及病理学特点的差异。方法 :对 11例乳腺印戒细胞癌和 58例乳腺粘液腺癌的临床和病理特征进行对比分析。结果 :乳腺印戒细胞癌 3年生存率 63.63% ,5年生存率 9.0 9% ,粘液腺癌 3年生存率 94 .83% ,5年生存率 81.0 3%。显微镜下二者粘液分布不同 ,肉眼所见大体标本相差甚远。结论 :乳腺印戒细胞癌较粘液腺癌恶性程度高、预后差 ,在临床上有必要从粘液腺癌中独立出来。     

癌症和血栓性疾病

相关性 在死于癌症的患者中特别是死于胰腺癌、肺癌和消化道粘液腺癌的患者中，尸检发现其患血栓性疾病的比率出乎意料的高。     

41例宫颈粘液腺癌临床分析

目的：探讨宫颈粘液腺癌的临床特点及其治疗方法。方法：本文对1958年至1990年我院收治的41例宫颈粘液腺癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：宫颈粘液腺癌占同期宫颈腺癌的19．16（41／214）。平均年龄为50．89岁，阴道白带增多为临床突出症状，按FIGO分期，Ⅱ期占34．14％（14／41），Ⅲ期占56．09％（23／41），Ⅳ期占9．76％（4／41）。采用单纯放疗26例，综合治疗15例。总5年生存率为13．20％，其中Ⅱ期33.30％，Ⅲ期2．17％，Ⅳ期0.宫颈直径≤3cm和＞3cm5年生存率分别为9．09％和12.80％（P＞0．05）。结论：本资料表明宫颈粘液腺癌的预后比宫颈鳞癌以及其他类型的宫颈腺癌差，与临床分期有关，但与宫颈肿瘤大小无关。     

阑尾粘液腺癌2例

阑尾粘液腺癌２例陈国际，邵永孚中国医学科学院肿瘤医院腹部外科（北京市１０００２１）阑尾粘液腺癌罕见，现报道２例如下：例１，患者男，４８岁，因腹痛、腹泻１０余作天，查体发现右下腹肿物于１９７４年１月１３日在全麻下行剖腹探查术。术中仅发现右下腹膜囊性肿物...     

乳腺印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌的临床病理分析

目的：比较研究乳腺印戒细胞癌和粘液腺癌的临床及病理学特点的差异。方法：对11例乳腺印戒细胞癌和58例乳腺粘液腺癌的临床和病理特征进行对比分析。结果：乳腺印戒细胞癌3年生存率63．63％,5年生存率9．09％,粘液腺癌3年生存率94．83％,5年生存率81．03％,显微镜下二者粘液分布不同,肉眼所见大体标本相差甚远,结论：乳腺印戒细胞癌较粘液腺癌恶性程度高, 预后差,在临床上有必要从粘液腺癌中独立出来。     

Primary Breast Lymphoma After Mastectomy With Reconstruction

Primary breast lymphoma accounts for only 0.05%–1.1% of all breast malignancies, and less than 1% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although primary breast lymphoma may present clinical similarities to breast carcinoma, the majority of cases lack the typical features of breast malignancy or lymphoma. We describe a case of primary breast lymphoma in a reconstructed breast, 8 years after a mastectomy for breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the worldwide literature of primary breast lymphoma in a reconstructed breast. We will discuss the diagnostic and treatment strategies involved in the management of primary breast lymphoma, and the effect of breast reconstruction on the detection of recurrent breast cancer.     

Do fatty breasts increase or decrease breast cancer risk?

Few studies have investigated the association of non-dense area or fatty breasts in conjunction with breast density and breast cancer risk. Two articles in a recent issue of Breast Cancer Research investigate the role of absolute non-dense breast area measured on mammograms and find conflicting results: one article finds that non-dense breast area has a modest positive association with breast cancer risk, whereas the other finds that non-dense breast area has a strong protective effect to reduce breast cancer risk. Understanding the interplay of body mass index, menopause status, and measurement of non-dense breast area would help to clarify the contribution of non-dense breast area to breast cancer risk.     

Pre-cancerous breast lesions: implications for breast cancer prevention trials.

The relationship between benign breast disease and breast cancer has become the focus of increased clinical attention as breast cancer prevention becomes a clinical reality. In this setting an understanding of the magnitude of the increase in risk conferred by the various types of benign breast disease assumes increasing importance. When benign breast disease is considered as an aggregate, estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer development range from 0.8 to 4.5. This article describes the risk associated with proliferative and non-proliferative benign breast disease, as well as the rationale for considering lobular carcinoma in situ and ductal carcinoma in situ (in some cases) as risk factors for breast carcinoma rather than actual malignant lesions. Mathematical models can provide a more precise estimate of breast cancer risk, but these efforts may be confounded by the lack of uniformity in the pathologic definition of borderline benign breast lesions. The breast cancer prevention trials offer a unique opportunity to improve our database on the natural history of high risk benign breast lesions, while attempting to reduce the 44,000 deaths occurring annually from breast cancer.     

Knowledge of Breast Density and Awareness of Related Breast Cancer Risk

Little is known about women’s knowledge of breast density or between-race differences in this knowledge. In the current study, we examined knowledge of breast density and awareness of its role as a breast cancer risk factor among women who had previously taken part in a breast imaging study. Seventy-seven women (54.5 % Black) returned a survey assessing perceptions and accuracy of breast density knowledge, knowledge of one’s own breast density, and breast cancer risk awareness. White women had greater perceived knowledge of breast density compared to Black women; however, differences in the accuracy of definitions of breast density were due to education. Black women were less likely to know how dense their own breasts were. Black and White women both lacked awareness that having dense breast increased breast cancer risk. The results highlight the need to disseminate information regarding breast density to women, while ensuring that the information is equally accessible to both Black and White women.     

Mammographic breast density as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer

The amount of radiologically dense breast-tissue appearing on a mammogram varies between women because of differences in the composition of breast tissue, and is referred to here as mammographic density. This review presents evidence that mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, and that risk of breast cancer is four to five times greater in women with density in more than 75% of the breast than in women with little or no density in the breast. Density in more than 50% of the breast could account for about a third of breast cancers. The epidemiology of mammographic density is consistent with its being a marker of susceptibility to breast cancer. Twin studies have shown that the proportion of the breast occupied by density, at a given age, is highly heritable, and inherited factors explain 63% of the variance. Mammographic breast density has the characteristics of a quantitative trait and might be determined by genes that are easier to identify than those for breast cancer itself. The genes that determine breast density might also be associated with risk of breast cancer, and their identification is also likely to provide insights into the biology of the breast and identify potential targets for preventive strategies.     

Women's interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk: the influence of sociodemographics and knowledge.

The objective of this study was to assess women's interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk. Randomly selected samples of 761 women without breast cancer from the general population of British Columbia, Canada, and 260 women with breast cancer from the provincial cancer registry participated in a telephone survey that assessed interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk, knowledge of hereditary breast cancer and genetic testing, and sociodemographics. Women with breast cancer did not possess superior knowledge of breast cancer genetics compared with women from the general population. Of the women with breast cancer, 30.8% reported interest in testing or had been tested, compared with 28.5% of women without breast cancer. Controlling for differences in age, education, personal history of breast cancer, and knowledge of genetics, women with at least one relative with breast cancer were 2.3 times more likely to express interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk than those with no family history. There were significant interactions between breast cancer status and education and between age and knowledge of breast cancer genetics. Women without breast cancer and with a positive family history, who were between 20 and 40 years of age, were most likely to be interested in testing. The women with breast cancer who were interested in testing tended to be approximately 50 years of age, had a positive family history, and had more years of education. Women with a family history of breast cancer, well-educated women with breast cancer, and younger women, particularly those with knowledge of genetic testing, are important target audiences for community-based education on genetic testing for breast cancer risk.     

Identification of distinct protein expression patterns in bilateral matched pair breast ductal fluid specimens from women with unilateral invasive breast carcinoma. High-throughput biomarker discovery

BACKGROUND: Analysis of the biochemical and cellular contents of breast ductal fluid has recently gained attention as a potential noninvasive method for studying the local microenvironment associated with the development and progression of breast carcinoma. METHODS: Patients with unilateral primary invasive breast carcinoma were eligible for the current prospective pilot study. Nipple aspiration fluid (NAF) was obtained from the breast with cancer and the normal contralateral breast and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Computer-assisted image analysis was used to analyze NAF protein expression profiles. RESULTS: The number of separate protein spots detected in NAF samples ranged from 1280 to 1649. Substantial qualitative differences were identified between NAF protein expression patterns in the breast with cancer compared with the breast without cancer. Protein spots detected in the breast with cancer and not in the breast without cancer from the same patient varied from 30 to 202 different proteins. In addition, the number of protein spots detected in the breast without cancer and not in the breast with cancer of the same patient varied from 14 to 73 different proteins. Conversely, in an individual without breast carcinoma, only three protein spots were detected in the left breast but not the right breast, and only two were detected in the right breast but not the left breast. CONCLUSIONS: The breast is a unique organ in that its microenvironment can be readily accessed and evaluated by aspiration of fluid from the nipple. Breast ductal fluid contains a large number of proteins. As breasts are paired organs, comparisons of ductal fluid from a breast with cancer and the same patient's normal contralateral breast may reveal significant differences in protein expression associated with breast carcinoma. Recent advances in image analysis, automated mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics have provided the tools necessary to use ductal fluids from breast carcinoma patients for high-throughput biomarker discovery.     

Dietary and other risk factors in women having fibrocystic breast conditions with and without concurrent breast cancer: a nested case-control study in Shanghai, China

Risk of breast cancer is increased in women with proliferative benign breast conditions. Most of these conditions, however, do not progress to breast cancer. The purpose of our study was to identify factors possibly associated with this progression. Women with proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions alone (214), and women with proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions and concurrent breast cancer (130), were compared to each other, and each of these groups of women were also compared to 1,070 controls; and 176 women with non-proliferative benign breast conditions alone, and 155 also with breast cancer, were similarly compared. All study subjects were selected from a cohort of women enrolled in a trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai. Women were interviewed to ascertain information on suspected risk factors for breast cancer and dietary habits. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Increased risks of both proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions alone, and with breast cancer, were associated with low parity, a prior benign breast lump and breast cancer in a first-degree relative. Decreasing trends in the risk of both conditions with increasing intake of fruits and vegetables were observed. No factors were significantly associated with risk of breast cancer relative to risk of proliferative changes. Similar, but in some instances weaker, associations were observed for non-proliferative fibrocystic conditions with and without breast cancer. The possible risk or protective factors that were observed in our study most likely alter the risk of breast cancer at an early stage in the carcinogenic process, and probably do not alter risk of progression from proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions to breast cancer.     

乳腺密度与乳腺癌相关性研究（附825例）

目的:研究乳腺密度与乳腺癌之间的关系,探讨影响乳腺癌患者乳腺密度的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析825例乳腺钼靶受检者的临床资料,其中237例经病理诊断确诊为乳腺癌,588例为乳腺良性对照组。按照BI-RADS标准,将乳腺密度分为＜25%、25%~50%、51%~75%及>75%共4个等级,分析不同的乳腺密度与乳腺癌危险因素的关系。结果:乳腺癌组与乳腺良性对照组之间的乳腺密度有显著统计学意义（P<0.001）,对于乳腺癌患者,绝经状态（P<0.001）和哺乳史（P<0.001）分别与乳腺密度有统计学意义;初潮时间对乳腺癌患者乳腺密度影响无显著统计学意义。结论:高密度的乳房患乳腺癌的风险偏高,乳腺癌患者的绝经状态、哺乳史、初潮时间对乳腺密度有一定影响。     

Comparison of age at first full-term pregnancy between women with breast cancer and women with benign breast diseases

Benign breast diseases have a broadly similar risk profile to that of breast cancer, possibly reflecting a similar underlying endocrine milieu. We have hypothesized that a crucial distinction between breast cancer and benign breast diseases is that mammary gland terminal differentiation has not been successfully accomplished among women who tend to develop breast cancer. From October 2001 to December 2002, information concerning breast cancer risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics was collected from 174 women with breast cancer and 116 women with benign breast diseases, all 30 years old or older, who were histologically diagnosed at a major prevention center in Athens, Greece. Among the examined breast cancer risk factors, only age at first full-term pregnancy was significantly associated with the odds of having breast cancer rather than benign breast disease, and the association was evident among premenopausal [odds ratio (OR) per 5 years = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.93] and postmenopausal (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.16-3.71) women, as well as among all women (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.34-2.70). There was no evidence that any of the remaining breast cancer risk factors could discriminate between breast cancer and benign breast diseases. We conclude that early age at first pregnancy may convey substantial protection against breast cancer risk among women with benign breast diseases, probably operating through induction of terminal differentiation of mammary gland cells. The finding is accentuated by the fact that women with benign breast diseases are already at a relatively high risk for breast cancer.