促进撕脱性损伤牙延期再植后牙周愈合的研究进展#br#

牙撕脱性损伤是牙外伤中预后较差的一种,目前对于恒牙撕脱性损伤的治疗一般采用牙再植术,再植时根面牙周组织活性对其预后至关重要。临床调查显示,撕脱性损伤牙再植多为延期再植,离体牙根面牙周膜在干燥状态下脱水坏死是导致术后病理性牙根吸收的主要原因。国际牙外伤协会建议在延期再植时采取适当措施,促进再植牙的牙周愈合再生,减少病理性吸收,延长再植牙使用寿命。文章结合2020版国际牙外伤协会撕脱性损伤牙治疗指南对现有促进撕脱性损伤牙延期再植后牙周愈合相关研究做一综述,包括根面处理、药物及干细胞治疗在牙再植术中的应用。     

恒牙撕脱性损伤临床特征的回顾性分析

目的:分析恒牙撕脱性损伤的分布特征。方法:对131名患者共179个撕脱性损伤患牙进行临床特征回顾性研究,包括年龄、性别、病因、牙保存方法、牙离体时间及是否伴有软硬组织伤等,并对观察半年以上且伴有牙槽骨骨折的撕脱性患牙愈后进行统计分析。结果:主要病因为摔伤(59%),好发于上颌中切牙(78%)。仅3%的人能够在30 min内就医;45%伴发软组织损伤;34%伴发牙槽骨骨折,其中10%牙槽骨骨折在初诊中被漏诊;撕脱性损伤伴牙槽骨骨折牙根吸收率略高于无牙槽骨骨折(P>0.05)。结论:多数患者由于就诊延误再植牙属于延迟再植;牙撕脱性损伤多伴发软硬组织的损伤,但撕脱性损伤患牙是否伴有牙槽骨损伤与其远期根吸收无明显关联。     

牙撕脱的辅助治疗方法

牙再植术是牙撕脱最基本的治疗方法,主要并发症为牙髓坏死和牙根吸收。牙撕脱的临床治疗涉及到牙髓病学、牙周治疗学、创伤外科、正畸与美学等多个学科,总体疗效较差。近年来,一些相应的辅助治疗方法,在提高患牙再植成功率和预防其术后并发症方面显示了较为优良的疗效。     

撕脱牙再植的夹板固定

数据来源:检索Ovid Medline、CochraneLibrary、PubMed和ISI Web of Science4个数据库。纳入标准:纳入有关人类恒牙外伤治疗的研究。出版语言限制为英语。     

全脱出牙延期再植的处理策略

全脱出是牙外伤中最严重的一种类型,及时进行再植非常重要,但临床上常处理的是延期再植的全脱出牙。牙再植的过程包括牙根及牙槽窝的处理、牙齿复位固定、牙髓处理及正确应对牙再植后的并发症。延期再植的牙预后较差,如何通过合适的处理尽量延长再植牙的寿命,是儿童口腔科医生临床工作的难点。文章就全脱出牙延期再植的处理策略做一阐述。     

牙周炎患牙的生物性根面处理

在牙周病的治疗方法中,牙周炎患牙根面的生物性处理制剂的应用研究近几年取得了一些进展。本文就纤维连接蛋白(Fibronectin)、层连接蛋白(Laminin)、组织粘接剂、胆盐和人血浆CohnⅣ等的研究及应用现状作了综述。     

自体富血小板纤维蛋白用于延迟牙再植1例

富血小板纤维蛋白(PRF)是一种立体三维网状结构的第二代血小板浓缩物,它能够调节炎症,促进组织愈合。并且能够缓慢持续释放多种生长因子。大量文献报道PRF可以促进口腔软硬组织的愈合,但尚未将其应用于临床牙再植的治疗中。本文联合自体PRF颗粒对1例撕脱2 h且干燥保存的离体牙进行延迟再植、复位固定及后续牙髓治疗。随访1年,脱位牙恢复良好,达到牙周膜性愈合,没有出现牙根吸收,且牙槽骨高度得到恢复。     

撕脱牙再植时全身应用抗生素的效果评价

数据来源:检索Ovid Medline、Cochrane Li-brary、PubMed和ISI Web of Science4个数据库。纳入标准:纳入有关恒前牙再植、全身应用抗生素和牙周愈合的研究。出版语言限制为英语。数据提取和合成:应用随机效应模型进行Meta分析。应用Q检验和I2检验进行异质性检验。     

136 例脱位牙再植的远期临床观察

自体牙脱位后再植术是指将因受外伤打击或外科手术时意外损伤,造成牙体牙根完整、完全脱出牙槽窝,无明显牙槽骨骨折的牙,重新植入原来牙槽窝内的一种手术方法。笔者对1992~2000年本科136例脱位再植牙,就再植的术前处理,牙髓治疗时机及固定方法,固定时间等方面进行总结。1资料和方法1.1临床资料136颗再植牙,包括外伤脱落、错拔的牙及个别埋伏牙拔除后重新再植等。男性56名,104颗再植牙,其中上前牙73颗,下前牙31颗,女性患者20名,32颗再植牙,其中上前牙24颗,下前牙8颗。年龄最小6岁,最大45岁。儿童青少年108例约占80%。牙脱位时间最短20min,最…     

Treatment of root surface in delayed tooth replantation: a review of literature

Abstract –  The time elapsed between a trauma and tooth replantation usually ranges from 1 to 4 h. The chances of root surface damage are higher when tooth replantation is not performed immediately or if the avulsed tooth is not stored in an adequate medium. This invariably leads to necrosis of pulp tissue, periodontal ligament cells and cementum, thus increasing the possibility of root resorption, which is the main cause of loss of replanted teeth. This paper presents a comprehensive review of literature on root surface treatments performed in cases of delayed tooth replantation with necrotic cemental periodontal ligament. Journal articles retrieved from PubMed/MedLine, Bireme and Scielo databases were reviewed. It was observed that, when there are no periodontal ligament remnants and contamination is under control, replacement resorption and ankylosis are the best results and that, although these events will end up leading to tooth loss, this will happen slowly with no loss of the alveolar ridge height, which is important for future prosthesis planning.     

自噬在延期牙再植术后炎症性牙根吸收中的作用研究

目的:观察大鼠延期牙再植术后自噬水平变化,探讨自噬在延期牙再植术后炎症性牙根吸收中的作用.方法:选取24只4周龄SD大鼠,拔除双侧上颌第一磨牙,干燥30 min后植回牙槽窝,术后1、3、7、28 d取材,染色观察炎症浸润情况、牙根表面吸收情况、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF?α)、白细胞介素1β(IL?1β)等炎症因子表达及L...     

Effect of root surface treatment with denusomab after delayed tooth replantation

Clinical Oral Investigations - To evaluate denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody that mimics the effects of osteoprotegerin in bone metabolism, as a topical treatment of root surface to be used...     

Effect of dexamethasone on root resorption after delayed replantation of rat tooth

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone after delayed tooth replantation with specific regard to root resorption and ankylosis. In addition, the study was planned to elucidate further the usefulness of the model. Fifty-two maxillary first molar teeth were extracted from 26 Sprague-Dawley white female rats fed 0.4% beta-aminoproprionitrile for 3 days to facilitate the extraction. After extraction, the mesiobuccal root canals were endodontically treated under a microscope to prevent subsequent inflammatory resorption of pulpal origin and were assigned to three groups. Teeth in group 1, the dexamethasone group (n = 22), were demineralized in citric acid (1 min), washed, soaked in 1000 nM dexamethasone solution (3 min), air-dried, and replanted in the original sockets. Total extraoral treatment time for each tooth was controlled to 30 min. Teeth in group 2, the dried-only group (n = 22), were air-dried for 30 min after obturation without any surface treatment and replanted. Teeth in group 3, the immediate group (n = 8), were extracted, not root-filled and replanted immediately into their sockets. All experimental animals were killed at 3 weeks after replantation and evaluated histologically. Forty-three of the 52 teeth were available for histological interpretation. They consisted of six immediate, 18 dried-only, and 19 dexamethasone-treated teeth. The degree of progressive root resorption was significantly less in the dexamethasone-treated group than in the dried-only group (p < 0.05). The dexamethasone-treated group exhibited significantly more bone ankylosis than the dried-only group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the topical use of dexamethasone may be of value in reducing the degree or rate of progressive root resorption secondary to traumatic avulsion and that the rat is a reasonable model for tooth replantation.     

Continued root formation after replantation and root canal treatment in an avulsed immature permanent tooth: a case report

Abstract – This case report describes the continued root formation following replantation and conventional root canal therapy of a traumatically avulsed open‐apex tooth with suppurative apical periodontitis. A 7‐year‐old male patient had an avulsed upper left central incisor (tooth 21) replanted approximately 50 min after traumatic avulsion. A root canal procedure was initiated due to pulp necrosis and periapical abscess detected in the follow‐up period. After endodontic treatment with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) dressing, a normal root length developed including an apical segment beyond the hard tissue barrier. Regeneration of the root occurred without pathology or ankylosis at 1‐year of follow up.     

Survival of avulsed permanent maxillary incisors in children following delayed replantation

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the variables that significantly influenced the survival of incisors replanted after extended extraalveolar duration at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, between June 1988 and December 1993. Survival analysis was used to identify variables that significantly influence the retention of replanted incisor teeth. Survival was defined as the time that elapsed between the replantation of an avulsed incisor and the time it was finally lost. Information on 9 variables was collected for 3H patients (25 males; 13 females) and 52 replanted permanent maxillary incisors. The mean extraalveolar duration for the sample was 123 min. The mean follow-up interval was 942 days (range: 364–2126 days). Incisors replanted with open apices had a significantly decreased survival compared with teeth with mature apices (P=0.04; relative risk 4.2). There was also a significant association between increased survival and obturation of the root canal with gutta-percha and sealer P=0.006 relative risk 10.0). A trend towards improved survival of replanted incisors was found for children older than I 1 years old at the time of replantation (P= 0.09; relative risk 2.8). These results are consistent with previous studies and may assist clinicians and parents in the decision-making process associated with the management of avulsed teeth in children.     

Effect of root surface treatment with propolis and fluoride in delayed tooth replantation in rats

Abstract – Replantation is an acceptable option for treatment of an avulsed permanent tooth. Nevertheless, an extended extraoral period damages the periodontal ligament and results in external root resorption. The purpose of this study was to assess by histologic and histometric analysis, the influence of propolis 15% (natural resinous substance collected by Apis mellifera bees from various plants) and the fluoride solution used as root surface treatment on the healing process after delayed tooth replantation. Thirty Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus) rats were submitted to extraction of their upper right incisor. The teeth were maintained in a dry environment for 60 min. After this, the pulp was extirpated and the papilla, enamel organ and periodontal ligament were removed with scalpel. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups: Group I – teeth immersed in 20 ml of physiologic saline; Group II – teeth immersed in 20 ml of 2% acidulated phosphate sodium fluoride; Group III – teeth immersed in 20 ml of 15% propolis. After 10 min of immersion in the solutions, the root canals were dried and filled with calcium hydroxide paste and the teeth were replanted. The animals were euthanized 60 days after replantation. The results showed that similar external root resorption was seen in the propolis and fluoride groups. Teeth treated with physiologic saline tended to have more inflammatory root resorption compared with those treated with fluoride or propolis. However, the comparative analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) between the treatment modalities when used for delayed tooth replantation.     

Use of vitamin C in delayed tooth replantation

This study evaluated microscopically the effects of root surface treatment with three different solutions in delayed rat teeth replantation. Central incisors from 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus Wistar) were extracted and left on a bench for 6 h. The pulps were extirpated and root canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. After endodontic treatment, the root surfaces of all teeth were submitted to a 10-min treatment with 1% sodium hypochlorite, changed every 5 min. The teeth were then rinsed with saline for 10 min and assigned to 3 groups with ten specimens each. Groups I, II and III were treated, respectively, with 2% acidulated-phosphate sodium fluoride, vitamin C solution and effervescent vitamin C (2 g, Redoxon. After root surface treatment, the teeth were filled with calcium hydroxide and replanted. The animals were sacrificed after 10 and 60 days. Group I (fluoride) presented the largest areas of replacement resorption and ankylosis. Comparing both vitamin C groups, Group III (effervescent vitamin C) yielded better results, showing more areas of ankylosis and replacement resorption than areas of inflammatory resorption.