网织红细胞的多参数分析在贫血患者临床鉴别诊断中的价值

目的：探讨血液中网织红细胞的各项参数在贫血患者临床诊断与鉴别中的价值。方法主要采取美国贝克曼库尔特L H-750自动分析仪对本院2012年1～12月间的50例贫血患者（研究组）和50例健康体检者（对照组）血液中网织红细胞各项参数进行测定。结果研究中失血性贫血、二联性贫血、溶血性贫血、缺铁性贫血患者的网织红细胞百分率（RET％）、未成熟网织红细胞百分率（IFR％）较对照组均有不同程度的升高,研究组中溶血性贫血患者网织红细胞绝对数（RET＃）较对照组有明显的升高,数据比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;失血性贫血、二联性贫血、和缺铁性贫血的RET＃与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论临床中检测血液中网织红细胞的各项参数对贫血患者的诊断与鉴别具有重要的意义,在临床中具有较好的应用价值。     

网织红细胞参数在贫血患者疗效观察中的应用

目的观察网织红细胞百分数（RET％）、网织红细胞平均体积（MRV）、网织红细胞成熟度（IRF）等参数在贫血患者治疗中的动态变化,确定骨髓对治疗反应的早期指标。方法使用Coulter-Hmx血细胞分析仪对56例贫血患者在治疗过程中网织红细胞参数进行动态观察。结果7例溶血性贫血（HA）患者治疗前3个网织红细胞参数明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;采用激素治疗或输血治疗后,1周后明显下降,2周后降至正常水平;5例再生障碍性贫血（AA）患者治疗前3个参数明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）;采用免疫抑制剂治疗2周后明显上升,4周后基本恢复正常;20例缺铁性贫血（IDA）患者治疗前3个参数明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,采用铁剂治疗后第4天3个参数均有所升高,第7天RET％升至最高水平,MRV、IRF均恢复正常;24例肿瘤化疗贫血患者治疗前3个参数和正常对照组无显著差异,化疗后10天降至最低;和正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,24天左右恢复正常。结论网织红细胞百分数（RET％）、网织红细胞平均体积（MRV）、网织红细胞成熟度（IRF）等参数可作为评价对贫血患者治疗后骨髓对治疗反应的早期敏感指标。     

网织红细胞多参数分析在轻型地中海贫血患者的变化及意义

目的探讨轻型地中海贫血患者网织红细胞参数的变化及临床意义。方法应用Beckman-Coulter公司的LH-750型全自动血细胞分析仪检测50例轻型地中海贫血患者和60例健康成年人的红细胞和网织红细胞参数,对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果网织红细胞百分数（RET％）和绝对值（RET#）在男女之间存在着显著性差异（P〈0．05）。轻型地中海贫血患者RET％、RET#、高光散网织红细胞百分数（HLR％）、高光散网织红细胞绝对值（HLR#）显著增高,平均网织红细胞体积（MRV）、平均球形红细胞体积（MSCV）显著减低,未成熟网织红细胞指数（IRF）变化不大。结论网织红细胞多参数分析对轻型地中海贫血患者有重要的参考价值,可以更细微、全面地评价骨髓造血功能。     

网织红细胞各参数的检测在贫血性疾病中的临床意义

目的：探讨网织红细胞（RET ）相关参数检测在贫血性疾病中的临床意义。方法应用Sysmex XE-5000全自动血液分析仪对患者的 RET 百分比（RET％）、RET 绝对值（RET ＃）、高荧光强度网织红细胞百分比（H FR％）、中荧光强度网织红细胞百分比（M FR％）、低荧光强度网织红细胞百分比（L FR％）以及未成熟网织红细胞比率（IRF）进行检测,并与对照组进行比较分析。结果溶血性贫血患者LFR％降低,RET％、RET ＃、HFR％、M FR％以及IRF均比对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）;再生障碍性贫血患者 RET％、RET ＃、HFR％、MFR％、LFR％以及 IRF明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;缺铁性贫血患者 RET％、RET ＃、H FR％、M FR％、L FR％以及IRF比对照组稍增高,但差异无统计学意义。结论网织红细胞相关参数检测可以更准确反映网织红细胞的成熟状态,从而判断骨髓的造血功能,对不同类型的贫血性疾病的诊断、治疗具有重要参考价值。     

网织红细胞相关参数在贫血诊断中的应用价值

[目的]探讨网织红细胞相关参数的检测在贫血诊断中的临床应用价值。[方法]用XT-2000i全自动血液分析仪检测216例住院贫血患者和100例正常健康人群的网织红细胞相关参数（RET#、Ret％、LFR％、MFR％、HFR％和IRF％）。[结果]缺铁性贫血患者除HFR外,其它各指标与正常对照组比有显著差异（P〈0．05）;再生障碍性贫血患者除RET％外,其它各指标与对照组比有显著差异（P〈0．05）;慢性肾功能衰竭患者除RET％和IRF％外,各指标与健康对照组比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）;恶性肿瘤患者RET％、HRF％和IRF％与对照组比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,其他各指标无显著差异（P〉0．05）;失血性贫血、急性白血病和溶血性贫血患者各指标与健康对照组比较均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。[结论]网织红细胞相关参数的测定在贫血的诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要的临床应用价值。     

红细胞及网织红细胞多参数分析在地中海贫血患者中的变化

目的：探讨红细胞及网织红细胞参数在地中海贫血患者中的变化。方法：应用XE-2100全自动血细胞分析仪检测31例正常人（对照组）和46例地中海贫血患者（观察组）RBC、Hb、HCT、MCH、MCHC、MCV和网织红细胞百分比（RET％）、网织红细胞绝对值（RET#）、未成熟网织红细胞比率（IRF％）、低荧光强度网织红细胞比率（LFR％）、中荧光强度网织红细胞比率（MFR％）、高荧光强度网织红细胞比率（HFR％）等六项网织红细胞参数,并对检测结果进行分析。结果：地中海贫血患者红细胞和网织红细胞各参数与对照组相比差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）,其中网织红细胞百分比、网织红细胞绝对值、未成熟网织红细胞比率、中荧光强度网织红细胞比率、高荧光强度网织红细胞比率显著性增高（P〈0．05）,RBC、Hb、HCT、MCH、MCHC、MCV、LFR％明显下降（P〈0．05）。结论：网织红细胞参数为反映骨髓造血功能较好的指标。     

XT-2000i全自动血液分析仪检测网织红细胞的临床应用

目的探讨XT-2000i全自动血液分析仪检测网织红细胞及相关参数的临床应用价值，并对本实验室网织红细胞及其相关参数正常参考值范围进行测定．方法用XT-2000i全自动血液分析仪检测62例住院贫血患者和152例正常健康人抗凝全血标本的网织红细胞绝对值（RET#），网织红细胞百分比（RET％），低荧光强度网织红细胞（LFR％），中荧光强度网织红细胞（MFR％），高荧光强度网织红细胞（HFR％）等五项参数。结果慢性肾功能不全（CRF）贫血患者RET#、RET％同正常对照组比较无显著差异，但HFR％显著高于正常对照组（尸〈0．05）；溶血性贫血（HA）患者RET#、RET％和HFR％同正常对照组相比较显著增高（P〈0.05），LFR％减低：再生障碍性贫血患者（AA）RET#、HFR％同正常对照组相比显著降低（P〈0.05）；缺铁性贫血息者（IDA）的IRF（MFR＋HFR）水平较高；治疗后，各组观察指标前后相比差异显著。结论测定网织红细胞及其相关参数对各种贫血的鉴别诊断及疗效观察，肿瘤患者的化疗或放疗的临床观察，骨髓移植，肾移植及其它一些血液病均具有重要的实用价值。     

肝硬化患者多参数网织红细胞的变化及意义

目的 探讨网织红细胞各参数在肝硬化患者的变化及临床意义.方法 采用五分类全自动血液细胞分析仪(MECKMAN COULTER LH750)检测57例肝硬化患者和33例正常人的网织红细胞参数[网织红细胞百分数(RET)、高散射光网织红细胞百分数(HLR)和未成熟网织红细胞指数(IRF)],并对结果进行对比分析.结果 与正常人比较肝硬化RET、HLR和IRF显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 网织红细胞参数测定有助于早期判断红细胞的活动度,作为反映肝硬化患者骨髓造血功能的新型指标,而IRF和HLR为更灵敏、更早的指标,有助于肝硬化的早期诊断和对贫血的早期治疗.     

肾病综合征患者网织红细胞参数的临床意义

目的 探讨肾病综合征患者网织红细胞参数的临床意义。方法 通过全自动血液分析仪检测健康人群及肾病综合征患者的网织红细胞参数，并进行统计学分析。结果 网织红细胞（Ret）参数中除低荧光网织红细胞百分率（LFR）与健康人比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；网织红细胞百分率（Ret）、网织红细胞绝对值（Ret#）、高荧光网织红细胞百分率（HFR）、未成熟网织红细胞百分率（MFR＋HFR）差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；中荧光网织红细胞百分率（MFR）差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；女性差异高于男性。结论 网织红细胞参数改变在肾病综合征患者贫血时有一定临床意义。     

网织红细胞参数在再生障碍性贫血治疗中的意义

目的 探讨网织红细胞参数在再生障碍性贫血患者治疗过程中的变化及其临床意义。方法 将35例患者分成2组：治疗有效组（27例）和治疗无效组（8例）；测定其治疗前、后外周血的网织红细胞参数，并对结果进行对比分析，同时分析相应骨髓象。并与正常对照组比较。结果 ①再生障碍性贫血组治疗前网织红细胞参数均低于正常对照组，差别有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；②治疗有效组治疗后网织红细胞参数比治疗前升高，差别有显著性（P〈0．01），骨髓增生度比治疗前增高；③治疗无效组治疗后网织红细胞参数（网织红细胞百分数及绝对值、高散射光网织红细胞百分数及绝对值和未成熟网织红细胞指数）与治疗前无明显差别（P〉0．05），治疗前后骨髓造血功能无明显改变；④治疗中各参数开始升高时间（中位数）：网织红细胞百分数为11．4d：高散射光网织红细胞百分数为5d；未成熟网织红细胞指数5．6d。结论网织红细胞参数为反映骨髓造血功能较好的指标，其中高散射光网织红细胞百分数、未成熟网织红细胞指数为更灵敏指标：网织红细胞参数测定对于再障治疗效果监测具有重要意义。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.