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1.
目的:获得综合性医院住院成人患者的压疮现患率和医院获得性压疮发生率,为下一步预防策略的制定提供依据。方法:采用统一的调研时间、工具、方法、流程及判断标准,组织统一培训合格的护士457名对12所综合性医院≥18岁的住院患者实施横断面调研,统计压疮现患率和医院获得性压疮发生率,采用SPSS16.0统计软件进行描述性统计分析。结果:压疮现患率为1.579%,医院获得性压疮发生率为0.628%。压疮现患率排序前三位科室分别为ICU、老年科、神经内科,医院获得性压疮发生率排序前三位科室分别为ICU、老年科、内科;前三位年龄分别为>89岁、80~89岁、70~79岁;前三位压疮部位分别为骶尾部、足跟部、髂嵴;前三位发生时段为不清楚发生时间、8∶00-12∶00和2∶00-8∶00。结论:本研究所获得的压疮现患率和发生率可代表我国部分地区住院患者的基线值。≥70岁者是压疮预防的重点对象;骶尾部、足跟部和髂嵴部是压疮重点防护部位;ICU、老年科和内科是重点预防科室;8∶00-12∶00和2∶00-8∶00是重点预防时段,值得注意的是有76.545%的压疮发生时段不清楚,因此需要加强护士的压疮预防意识并严格执行交接班制度,按要求检查皮肤。  相似文献   

2.
目的:通过调查医院压疮现患率、发生率及压疮预防工具的使用情况,分析导致压疮发生的医院相关危险因素,探讨医院压疮管理对策。方法采用压疮现患率调查表,分别于2013年7、10月及2014年1、4月某日(8:00-18:00)对青岛大学附属医院的住院患者进行调查,严格按照护理部制定的统一标准填写调查表及统计数据。结果4次调查共纳入住院患者11624例,实查率为98.59%;医院压疮现患率为1.46%,发生率为0.59%;压疮首发部位为骶尾部与足跟部,急诊科与重症医学科为压疮现患率高发科室;Ⅰ期压疮患者预防性措施(压疮敷料、减压气垫、翻身措施)的落实率分别为32.5%、42.5%、82.5%,Ⅱ期压疮患者预防性措施的落实率分别为79.3%、79.3%、93.5%。结论该院在压疮管理与预防方面还存在诸多问题,尚需进一步改善与加强压疮监管及预防力度,早期合理采取预防性措施,对压疮现患率较高的科室采取重点干预,及时发现日常监测工作中的疏漏。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解泰安市住院患者压疮现患率及医院内获得性压疮发生率,提供预防压疮发生的有效措施。方法 2016年7月采用欧洲压疮专家组设计并经过信效度检验的资料收集工具和美国伤口造口失禁护士协会制定的压疮现患率调查工具,对泰安市7所医院住院患者压疮现患率进行横断面研究。结果本次共调查了8091例患者,压疮现患率为0.91%,其中医院内获得性压疮发生率为0.10%。共筛选出压疮患者74例共计120处压疮,最常见的压疮部位是骶尾部占46.67%,其次是坐骨10.83%,足踝10.83%,髋部6.67%,跟骨4.17%,股骨隆突、肩胛骨、耳廓、髂棘处各2.5%,其他部位10.83%;最常见的压疮分期为2期占27.50%,1期占13.33%,3期占14.16%,4期占11.67%,不可分期和深部组织损伤各占16.67%;使用减压装置者占63.51%,每2h变换体位者占87.84%,两种预防措施均使用者占59.46%。结论本次调研显示,三级医院和综合性医院压疮的现患率高于二级医院,使用减压装置和实现规律翻身等预防措施落实欠到位,亟需加强压疮的预防和监管。  相似文献   

4.
目的 调研某二级医院住院患者压疮现患率和发生率.方法 护理部严格按照纳入标准和排除标准对2 980例住院患者开展多科室、大样本量的压疮发生率和现患率调研.结果 压疮发生率为0.60%,现患率为1.34%.结论 通过调查和分析二级医院住院患者压疮现患率和发生率的研究结果,提高了护理人员和患者家属对压疮现患率和发生率的认知,有效地指导护士正确使用危险评估工具,及时辨别有发生压疮危险的患者,从而预防压疮的发生.  相似文献   

5.
通过对手术病人医院获得性压疮的影响因素、测量工具和干预手段的研究进展加以综述,旨在为围术期病人院内压疮的预防及进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
目的:分析综合医院住院患者获得性压疮发生的原因和预防措施,为加强医院压疮管理对策提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究收集2012年1月—2014年12月期间发生的201例医院获得性压疮患者的相关资料,进行描述性统计学分析导致压疮发生的原因、高发科室和高发部位,提出预防建议。结果肿瘤科占比最高(33.83%),最常见的部位是尾骶部,占59.20%,压疮分期最多见的是Ⅱ期压疮,占76.12%;64.67%发生于住院2周内。 Braden评分〈12分者占58.21%,贫血者占72.14%,低蛋白血症者占75.62%,疼痛或胸腹水引起的强迫体位占26.87%,医疗器械压迫占10.95%。87.56%使用了减压垫,41.79%落实每2小时翻身一次。62.19%按指南实施了皮肤护理,38.81%经口或静脉营养支持。95.52%发生后及时上报护理部,1.99%通过查房发现,1.49%为患者或家属举报,1.00%在查阅病历时发现。结论肿瘤患者是院内压疮的高发人群,尾骶部为高发部位,Ⅱ期压疮为主,多发于住院2周内,好发于有压疮发生风险、低蛋白、贫血、强迫体位、无法落实定时翻身的患者。建议对肿瘤患者,特别是有癌痛和营养不良、强迫体位的肿瘤患者要加强预防。  相似文献   

7.
许静  杨建红 《全科护理》2016,(13):1317-1319
通过对医院获得性压疮的发生率、人口学及发生部位的特征、医院获得性压疮的发生因素等方面进行综述,旨在寻求合理的预防措施的方法,减少医院获得性压疮的发生。  相似文献   

8.
目的 :探讨全面流程管理在老年住院患者医院获得性压疮(HAPU)预防中的应用效果。方法 :通过成立流程管理小组,采用优化、再造流程方法循证制订压疮管理规范,把握运行中的关键环节和问题,实施全面流程管理。比较实施全面流程管理前后老年住院患者HAPU的预防效果。结果 :经过1年的临床实践,老年住院患者HAPU的发生率由0.28%下降为0.16%,符合难免发生压疮申报条件的老年住院患者难免HAPU发生率由8.4%下降为6.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:实施全面流程管理使压疮预防及管理工作流程化、标准化、科学化,有效降低了老年患者HAPU的发生率,提升了老年专科压疮防治护理工作质量。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解综合性医院住院患者压疮现患率及预防现状。方法培训和考核本医院38名压疮联络员,熟练掌握多中心横断面研究设计的调查方法,于同一时间准时参与多中心调研,采用压疮现患率调研微型数据集和压疮现患率调查工具对数据进行统计学分析。结果该所医院住院患者压疮现患率为1.55%,其中医院获得性压疮的现患率0.48%。压疮危险患者共369例,其中30.1%使用了减压装置,压疮危险患者36.5%使用压疮敷料。结论在综合性医院中,高危患者的预防告知措施需要加强,医院获得性压疮的预防措施需建立流程。建议压疮预警管理组织架构,定期调研和监控发生状况,加强培训,提高压疮防范意识。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]分析压疮管理系统的上报数据,总结压疮发生的特点,探讨压疮信息化管理的实践效果。[方法]回顾性分析衡阳市某综合医院2013年—2014年压疮与难免压疮上报数据。[结果]两年间共收治住院病人140928例次,压疮现患率0.796%(n=1123),医院获得性压疮发生率0.022%(n=32),难免压疮发生率0.913%(n=1287)。2年的压疮现患率比较,0.717%(2014年)0.888%(2013年);医院获得性压疮发生率比较,0.019%(2014年)0.025%(2013年)。压疮现患率排序前3位的科室为心内科(14.425%)、重症监护室(14.069%)和神经内科(8.637%);医院获得性压疮主要集中在重症监护室(40.625%)、心内科(21.875%)和神经内科(18.750%);难免压疮发生率排序前3位的科室为重症监护室(26.728%)、心内科(18.026%)和神经内科重症监护室(7.148%);前3位压疮部位分别为骶尾椎骨处(62.500%)、跟骨处(18.750%)、髂骨处(6.250%);压疮分期主要集中在Ⅰ期(31.077%)、Ⅱ期(37.222%)。[结论]科学、规范的压疮信息化管理系统能有效预防并控制压疮的发生。  相似文献   

11.
12.
目的探讨ICU预防压疮的方法。方法将349例ICU压疮高危患者进行分组,将2012年1月-2012年6月的161例高危患者设为对照组,每位护理人员交接班时交接患者皮肤情况,由护理人员自行选择预防压疮的措施;将2012年7月-2012年12月188例高危患者设为观察组,由经过ICl5专科培训的专人评分及制定护理措施,并对护理人员进行压疮知识培训,每月总结,持续质量改进。比较2组患者的压疮发生率及满意度。结果观察组压疮发生率明显低于对照组(P〈O.05),患者及家属满意度高于对照组(P〈O.05)。结论由经过系统培训的专人进行皮肤管理能降低压疮发生率,提高患者满意度。  相似文献   

13.
目的探讨压疮小组在临床压疮管理中的运行及效果。方法以压疮小组成立前2011年的压疮高危和院外带入压疮患者共145例为A组,采用传统防治压疮的方法;以压疮小组成立后2012年的压疮高危和院外带人压疮患者共199例为B组和2013年的压疮高危和院外带入压疮患者共380例为c组,由压疮小组制定压疮预防与治疗方案并监督实施;各护理单元推荐1名临床护士作为科室压疮督导员,共30人,成立压疮小组后进行统一培训与管理。比较压疮小组成立前后患者住院期间难免压疮发生率、院外带入压疮治愈率及压疮督导员的压疮相关知识水平。结果A、B、C组难免压疮发生率分别为76.20%、17.02%、14.61%,带人压疮治愈率分别为54.84%、86.84%、87.97%,B、C组与A组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。护士压疮相关知识水平明显提高(P〈0.001)。结论成立压疮小组使临床压疮管理更具科学性和客观性,能有效降低压疮发生,提高护理质量,保障患者安全。  相似文献   

14.
Aims and objectives The aim of this paper is to analyse the protocols used in German hospitals and nursing homes for the prevention of pressure ulcers with regard to their contents and accordance with the national standard of the Deutsches Netzwerk für Qualitätsentwicklung in der Pflege (DNQP) and the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and Royal College of Nursing (RCN) guidelines. Additionally, it is to show the relation between the existence and contents of the protocols of pressure ulcer prevention and pressure ulcer prevalence in the institutions. Methods On a fixed date trained nursing staff gathers data regarding the frequency of pressure ulcers during a prevalence survey. The existence of a pressure ulcer is established by physical examination after the risk assessment with the Braden‐Scale. The patient’s or resident’s informed consent is a precondition for his or her participation in the survey. The protocols are available as hard copies on paper or electronic files. Results Only two out of the 21 protocols developed in‐house are completely concurrent with the expert standard. The EPUAP and RCN guidelines include the aspect of training and further education that is missing in the in‐house protocols and the DNQP expert standard. Evaluation of the data reveals that there is no relation between the availability of protocols and pressure ulcer prevalence. Neither is there any relation between the contents and pressure ulcer prevalence. The institutions currently developing protocols have the lowest prevalence rates. Conclusion It is obvious that, while developing in‐house protocols, the discussion about pressure ulcer prevention has led to a higher problem awareness in nurses and thus to an increased attentiveness in daily nursing practice which then results in improved outcomes. Two years after its publication, the expert standard is still not very well known, therefore this concentrated form of the most up‐to‐date knowledge is not available to all nursing staff as a basis for evidence‐based practice. In addition, the sometimes outdated knowledge of nursing staff impedes the implementation of evidence‐based practice guidelines. A systematic implementation strategy that assists guidelines being applied in practice is therefore required.  相似文献   

15.
RATIONALE AND AIMS: Numerous prevalence studies have been conducted. The problem with these studies is that prevalence proportions cannot be compared with each other, because of differences in performance of each survey. There is no agreed standardized method for determining prevalence proportions. This study aimed to develop and pilot a uniform data collection instrument and methodology to measure the pressure ulcer prevalence and to get some insight into pressure ulcer prevalence across different patient groups in Europe. METHODS: Pressure ulcer experts from different European countries developed a data collection instrument, which included five categories of data: general data, patient data, risk assessment, skin observation and prevention. A convenience sample of university and general hospitals of Belgium, Italy, Portugal, UK and Sweden participated in the study. In each participating hospital, teams of two trained nurses who collected the data on the wards were established. All patients admitted before midnight on the day of the survey and older than 18 years were included. RESULTS: The data collection instrument and study procedure of the survey were found to be effective by all participants. 5947 patients were surveyed in 25 hospitals in five European countries. The pressure ulcer prevalence (grade 1-4) was 18.1% and if grade 1 ulcers were excluded, it was 10.5%. The sacrum and heels were the most affected locations. Only 9.7% of the patients in need of prevention received fully adequate preventive care. CONCLUSION: The methodology is sufficiently robust to measure and compare pressure ulcer prevalence in different countries. The pressure ulcer prevalence was higher than expected and relatively few patients received adequate prevention. This indicates that more attention to prevention is needed in Europe.  相似文献   

16.
Pressure sores are a great problem for patients, staff and society. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence, treatment and prevention of pressure sores in a public health service area in Sweden. Criteria used for pressure sore assessment were persistent discoloration, epithelial damage and damage to the full thickness of the skin, without or with a cavity. The data were collected during 2 weeks in April 1995 from 1173 inpatients. The pressure‐sore prevalence rate was 3.75%; 44 patients had a total of 68 sores. Men were as prone to developing pressure sores as women. The most frequently reported preventive measures were antidecubitus mattresses and turning schedules. Relief from pressure and occlusive dressings were the most common treatment measures. There was no statistical difference in pressure‐sore prevalence when compared with a similar study from 1980. Patients were, however, older in 1995.  相似文献   

17.
  • ? Lymphoedema is a significant health problem for some groups of patients and few health authorities have carried out a systematic health needs assessment for this client group. When planning and developing services, there is a need to demonstrate a knowledge of the literature relating to the incidence and prevalence of this condition. To facilitate interpretation of the literature, clarification of the difference between incidence and prevalence rates is included in this review. It is important that the differences between these rates is clearly understood when considering the nature of a chronic, progressive condition.
  • ? The problems inherent in comparing results from studies which use different definitions of what constitutes ‘lymphoedema’, as well as different methods of measurement are acknowledged. A number of studies are examined and using information from this review, it is suggested that the prevalence rate of lymphoedema in women treated for breast cancer is in the region of 25–28%.
  • ? Factors which influence the development of lymphoedema, and the controversy concerning axillary node sampling and dissection are discussed. The need to consider patients with lymphoedema due to very advanced cancer, and those with lower limb problems is also highlighted.
  相似文献   

18.
Cluster headache is a trigemino-autonomic cephalgia with a low prevalence. Several population-based studies on its prevalence and incidence have been performed, but with different methodology resulting in different figures. We analysed all available population-based epidemiological studies on cluster headache and compared the data in a meta-analysis. The pooled data showed a lifetime prevalence of 124 per 100 000 [confidence interval (CI) 101, 151] and a 1-year prevalence of 53 per 100 000 (CI 26, 95). The overall sex ratio was 4.3 (male to female), it was higher in chronic cluster headache (15.0) compared with episodic cluster headache (3.8). The ratio of episodic vs. chronic cluster headache was 6.0. Our analysis revealed a relatively stable lifetime prevalence, which suggests that about one in 1000 people suffers from cluster headache, the prevalence being independent of the region of the population study. The sex ratio (male to female) is higher than published in several patient-based epidemiological studies.  相似文献   

19.
Whether the prevalence of migraine is increasing is controversial. We conducted annual surveys in 1999-2001 to investigate migraine prevalence among a nationwide sample of 13 426 adolescents aged 13-15 years. Participants from five junior high schools around different regions of Taiwan completed self-administered questionnaires. The diagnosis of migraine was based on the classification criteria proposed by the International Headache Society, 1988. Data for 23 433 person-years were collected and analysed for trends in prevalence and incidence. The 1-year prevalence of migraine increased 42% during 1999-2001 (from 5.2 to 7.4%, P < 0.001). This increasing trend was demonstrated in both sexes, all ages, and all but one studied regions of Taiwan. Of note was the biggest increment of prevalence (79%) among 7th graders (students aged 13 years) through these 3 years. Annual incidence rates did not differ between 1999 and 2000 and 2000 and 2001 (6.1% vs. 5.7%; P = 0.4). One-year persistence rates of migraine diagnosis, surrogates of migraine duration, did not differ between 1999 and 2000 and 2000 and 2001 (34.2% vs. 41.2%; P = 0.1). Our study found that the prevalence of migraine was increasing in our sampled adolescents, which results from an increment starting at age 13 or younger. The prevalence of migraine in Asians might be increasing, although previous studies showed lower prevalence in this region. Children or adolescents may be more vulnerable to the environmental or societal change.  相似文献   

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