木地板蠹虫危害防制研究

目的 了解木地板、木制品害虫危害情况，探索木地板蠹虫防制方法。方法现场调查，采集害虫标本，并进行分析鉴定。采用杀虫剂表面喷洒、虫孔注入敌敌畏、磷化铝熏蒸等3种方法杀虫。结果调查发现危害木地板、木制品的害虫主要是日本双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon japonicum Lesne)、毛喙小蠹(Sueus niisintai Eggers)和白蚁。化学药物表面处理、虫孔处理和熏蒸处理3种方法综合进行，有效控制了宾馆酒店、体育场馆和家居木地板、木制品害虫的危害。结论防制木地板、木制品害虫的首要工作是预防，若发现虫害应采取有效措施，及时杀灭害虫，控制虫害。     

木地板中裸蛛甲的防制研究

目的了解木地板、木制品害虫情况,探索木地板裸蛛甲防制方法.方法现场调查,采集害虫标本,并进行分析鉴定.采用雾化喷洒、热烟雾剂及粉杀法等3种方法杀虫.结果调查发现危害木地板、木制品的害虫为裸蛛甲.雾化喷洒、热烟雾剂及粉杀法3种方法综合进行,有效控制了家居木地板、木制品害虫的危害.结论防制木地板、木制品害虫的首要工作是预防,若发现虫害应及时采取有效措施杀灭、控制虫害.     

城市行业单位蟑螂侵害现状调查

蟑螂为重要的城市卫生害虫,它危害居民的健康和城市卫生环境,控制蟑螂危害具有十分重要的现实意义。为了解沈阳市行业和单位的蟑螂侵害程度,种群密度等自然状况,为制定防制措施提供虫情信息,笔者于2002~2003年在全市五区开展了行业和单位的蟑螂侵害调查。1调查方法1·1调查范围     

房屋木构件制品害虫危害及其防治

目的：报告常州市区房屋木构件、木制品的害虫名录、危害情况、危害原因分析和综合防治；方法：广泛采集害虫标本．进行鉴定分析；结果：常州市区房屋木构件、木制品害虫经调查发现有3目8科31种，以白蚁、粉蠹、天牛危害最为普遍；结论：害虫标本采集，鉴定及危害情况的分析，给防治提供了有利的依据。     

家居中亚洲二色小蕈甲的防治研究

目的了解家居的害虫情况,探索家居小蕈甲的防治方法。方法现场调查,采集害虫标本,并进行分析鉴定;采用滞留喷雾、烟雾剂及粉剂等方法杀虫。结果调查发现危害家居的害虫为亚洲二色小蕈甲。滞留喷雾、烟雾剂及粉剂等方法综合进行,有效控制了家居害虫的危害。结论防治家居害虫的首要工作是预防,防止害虫进入室内,若发现害虫应及时采用有效措施杀灭、控制害虫。     

河南省公共场所重要病媒生物侵害状况调查

目的了解河南省公共场所病媒生物侵害情况,为制定该地区病媒生物防制措施提供借鉴与科学依据。方法调查宾馆、饭店、学校和医疗机构4类公共场所的病媒生物侵害情况。鼠类调查采用粉块法和鼠迹法;蜚蠊调查采用粘捕法;蝇类调查采用目测法;成蚊调查采用人工小时法,蚊幼虫调查采用容器指数法。结果鼠类调查粉块法阳性率5.23%,鼠迹法阳性率4.02%;蜚蠊调查阳性房间率为11.97%,以饭店阳性率最高,阳性房间平均蜚蠊数8.81只/间;蝇类调查阳性房间率22.38%,以饭店阳性率最高,阳性房间平均蝇数量2.43只/间;成蚊调查平均密度为6.49只/人工小时,以淡色库蚊为优势种,蚊幼虫容器指数法调查平均阳性率为19.06%。结论除阳性房间平均蝇数量指标合格外,其余主要指标均超过标准。提示河南省公共场所病媒生物侵害严重,公共场所病媒生物防制工作应引起重视。     

高档宾馆的蟑螂侵害与防制

目的：探讨高档宾馆蟑螂侵害情况及防制措施。方法：采用目测法、药驱法调查蟑螂侵害情况，用粘捕盒测定密度，同时进行化学防制。结果：调查12家高档宾馆，有蟑螂侵害的占41．7％，侵害场所包括餐饮、娱乐、客房、健身房等，以灶房密度最高。应用拜虫杀喷洒，杀灭率在87％以上。结论：高档宾馆中同样存在蟑螂危害，环境防制是治本措施，拜虫杀是有效防制药物。     

南航波音客机德国小蠊的侵害与防制

目的：探讨南航波音客机德国小蠊侵害情况及化学防制效果。方法：用药激法调查其侵害情况;喷药前后用粘捕法测定其密度。结果：调查４种机型波音客机２５架,其中有该蠊侵害的２１架,侵害率为８４％;侵害部位包括驾驶舱、客舱、配餐间、货舱。应用１２．５％拜虫杀喷洒,２４ｈ杀灭率在９０％以上。结论：南航波音客机存在德国小蠊危害,拜虫杀是目前较为有效的防制药物     

舰艇上鼠和蜚蠊的防制

目的防制舰艇上的鼠类和蜚蠊。方法粉迹法和药激法调查。结果舰艇上鼠密度由处理前的55.8%下降至处理后的1.1%～1.6%;蜚蠊的侵害率由85.0%下降至2.0%。结论综合防制效果显著。     

蜚蠊的防制研究

蜚蠊以其极强的适应力和繁殖力，广布世界，已成为世界性害虫。本文从其种类与生物学特性、危害与侵害、尤其从综合防制等方面进行论述，并提出了综合防制的策略及几个观点。     

VEP STRIP防蚊效果实验研究

目的试验观察VEPSTRIP防蛀剂的防蛀效果.方法实验室为玻璃缸悬挂法,现场为模拟抽屉和衣柜法.结果实验室抽屉用VEPSTRIP防蛀剂实验组袋衣蛾的死亡率为61.1%,对照组为7.4%(P＜0.01);衣柜用实验组袋衣蛾死亡率为76.5%,对照组为8.8%(P＜0.01).模拟现场抽屉用实验组杀灭率为53.8%,对照组为12.7%(P＜0.01);衣柜用实验组杀灭率为67.4%,对照组为12.2%(P＜0.01).各实验组袋衣蛾的平均蛀食量明显小于对照组.结论VEPSTRIP防蛀剂对蛀虫具有良好的杀灭和抑制作用,是理想的防蛀换代产品.     

吡虫啉在卫生杀虫中的应用概况及前景

吡虫啉是一种具有触杀、胃毒和内吸作用的神经毒素,不但能够有效防治农作物上的蚜虫、飞虱等多种农业害虫,对白蚁、苍蝇和蟑螂等卫生害虫同样具有优异的杀灭效果。吡虫啉具有安全性高、使用方便、作用效果好、持效期长和环境友好等优点,在卫生害虫防治领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Effects of water quality on deactivation and toxicity of Mexacarbate (Zectran®) to fish

Mexacarbate (Zectran^®) is a carbamate insecticide that has been considered for controlling forest insect pests, particularly in northern conifer forests. The effects of different water characteristics (temperature, hardness, and pH) and aging (deactivation) on its toxicity to coho salmon(Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic salmon(Salmo solar), brown trout(Salmo trutta), fathead minnows(Pimephales promelas), bluegills(Lepomis macrochirus), and yellow perch(Perca flavescens), were determined. Identification and toxicity of the breakdown products were also investigated. Mexacarbate was less toxic to eggs than to other life stages of fish. Water temperature and hardness did not affect its biological activity, but pH did—the insecticide was was 38 times more lethal to bluegills at pH 9.5 than at pH 6.5. Solutions of mexacarbate hydrolyzed to more toxic breakdown products during the first 3 weeks of aging; the rate of hydrolysis increased as alkalinity increased. The breakdown product 4-amino-3,5-xylenol was 70 times more lethal to bluegills than mexacarbate in 96-hr bioassay tests at pH 7.5. However, this breakdown product was apparently not present in sufficient concentrations or long enough to cause fish mortality when the insecticide is applied at rates recommended for control of forest insects.     

Environmental safety to decomposer invertebrates of azadirachtin (neem) as a systemic insecticide in trees to control emerald ash borer

The non-target effects of an azadirachtin-based systemic insecticide used for control of wood-boring insect pests in trees were assessed on litter-dwelling earthworms, leaf-shredding aquatic insects, and microbial communities in terrestrial and aquatic microcosms. The insecticide was injected into the trunks of ash trees at a rate of 0.2 g azadirachtin cm⁻¹ tree diameter in early summer. At the time of senescence, foliar concentrations in most (65%) leaves where at or below detection (<0.01 mg kg⁻¹ total azadirachtin) and the average concentration among leaves overall at senescence was 0.19 mg kg⁻¹. Leaves from the azadirachtin-treated trees at senescence were added to microcosms and responses by test organisms were compared to those in microcosms containing leaves from non-treated ash trees (controls). No significant reductions were detected among earthworm survival, leaf consumption rates, growth rates, or cocoon production, aquatic insect survival and leaf consumption rates, and among terrestrial and aquatic microbial decomposition of leaf material in comparison to controls. In a further set of microcosm tests containing leaves from intentional high-dose trees, the only significant, adverse effect detected was a reduction in microbial decomposition of leaf material, and only at the highest test concentration (∼6 mg kg⁻¹). Results indicated no significant adverse effects on litter-dwelling earthworms or leaf-shredding aquatic insects at concentrations up to at least 30× the expected field concentrations at operational rates, and at 6× expected field concentrations for adverse effects on microbial decomposition. We conclude that when azadirachtin is used as a systemic insecticide in trees for control of insect pests such as the invasive wood-boring beetle, emerald ash borer, resultant foliar concentrations in senescent leaf material are likely to pose little risk of harm to decomposer invertebrates.     

某部营区臭虫危害调查及防治观察

目的 调查某部营区臭虫危害现况，采取有效措施进行防治。方法 现场调查与药物处理及其它方法相结合开展防治工作。结果 奋斗呐药物喷洒和其它综合措施防治臭虫，速效与持效明显。结论 奋斗呐杀灭臭虫，是一种理想的药物。     

德国小蠊生态习性与控制效果研究

目的 摸清德国小蠊夜间活动规律，为有的放矢、采取科学的综合防制措施提供依据。方法 选择4家饭店，采用定面积目测法观察，并对不同防制方法进行效果对比试验。结果 （1）德国小蠊夜间栖息活动习性具有出穴活动高峰、空间分布呈“靶标”状态等特征。（2）A、B、C饭店经综合防制后的第30天，德国小蠊密度下降率达100％；D饭店仅单一投放灭蠊药，密度下降率为77．78％，两组间差异具有统计学意义（F=19．25，P〈0．001）。结论 灭前摸清德国小蠊生境、习性，采用堵洞抹缝、定位施药等综合防制措施效果显著。     

两种杀虫剂杀灭旅客列车蟑螂的效果观察

目的：调查南京铁路分局旅客列车蟑螂侵害情况和采用药物喷洒与毒饵剂联合应用防治蟑螂。方法：用药激法调查施药前后蟑螂密度，计算杀灭率，化学防治采用O．025％拜虫杀滞留喷洒与O．1％毒死蜱毒饵布放同时进行。结果：灭前蟑螂平均密度指数为238．6只／厢，第1次灭后蟑螂平均密度指数为24．6只／厢，第2次灭后蟑螂平均密度指数为2．5只／厢，第3次灭后蟑螂平均密度指数为O．6只／厢，杀灭率为99．9％。结论：旅客列车蟑螂侵害严重，采用滞留喷洒与毒饵剂联合应用的方法能有效地将蟑螂密度控制在不足为害的程度。     

The relevance of wing geometry in entomological surveillance of Triatominae, vectors of Chagas disease.

An important epidemiological challenge in controlling the Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, is identifying the origin of insects re-infesting treated areas, especially when reinfestation occurs during the first 1 or 2 years following insecticide application and in the absence of insecticide resistance. When using strict insect characteristics, the standard approach is to compare reinfesting specimens with those collected prior to treatment. Because of the long generation time of Triatominae, the experimental intent is to reject the hypothesis of a previous population, the one prior to insecticide application, to be the parental population of the reinfesting population. Biometric techniques are based on the hypothesis of more similarity between offspring and parents, and have been tested in the field. Reinfesting specimens are very few when discovered, which might cause sampling problems. The present study used museum material to test the performance of modern morphometrics to assess the origin of a single individual. A configuration of 13 landmarks was used to assign a single wing to its known parental line or relatives. For the 313 wings tested, correct attribution to the parental line was four times higher than expected at random. Moreover, most of the apparently wrong assignments were not random, but driven by lower levels of kinship. These results suggest that the geometry of the wing contains helpful information to identify the possible source of reinfesting specimens.     

江苏省家蝇抗性及防制对策的研究

目的：采取综合防制措施，有效降低蝇密度，轮换或混合使用杀虫剂，使家蝇抗性得到控制，从而提高杀虫剂灭蝇效果，方法：建立家蝇抗性监测网，用点滴法测定家蝇对常用杀虫剂的抗性变化情况。结果：江苏省１９９７－１９９９年抗性调查结果敌敌畏、二氯苯醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯ＬＤ５０（μg/只）分别为０．１８５４、０．０４０９、０．００７７，分别是１９８２－１９８５年和１９９１－１９９２年的３．９４、１．０３、４．６５、１．９８倍和７．００、３．５０倍。氯氰菊酯抗性监测连续５年ＬＤ５０在０．０３９５０－０．０７７４μg／只之间。结论：为合理使用杀虫剂及开展综合防制、提高灭效果，可抑制和延缓抗性发展。