原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的影像学研究进展

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤（PCNSL）是一种罕见且侵袭性极强的结外非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其占所有结外淋巴瘤的4%~6%,原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的4%。近年来,PCNSL发病率呈逐年上升趋势,其确诊主要依靠组织病理学检查,包括立体定向活体组织病理学检查和（或）手术期间的组织病理学检查,然而这2种方法均风险较高且并发症较多。因此,寻找能准确评估PCNSL的无创性影像学方法就显得尤为重要。目前,临床常用于评价PCNSL的影像学检查方法主要有CT、 MRI、 PET/CT和PET/MRI。笔者主要对近年来PCNSL的影像学研究进展进行综述。     

胃肠道原发性恶性淋巴瘤10例诊治体会

胃肠道原发性恶性淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤的结外部位病变 ,临床少见 ,占胃肠道恶性肿瘤的 1%～ 4% [1] ,易误诊 ,为探讨胃肠道原发性恶性淋巴瘤的临床特点 ,提高对该病的认识 ,使患者尽早得到正确的诊治 ,现将我科自 1997-0 7以来收治并经病理学检查确诊的胃肠道原发性恶性淋巴瘤 10例 ,报道如下。1　材料和方法1.1　一般资料 :1997- 0 7～ 2 0 0 0 - 12我科共收治淋巴瘤患者3 6例。其中原发性胃肠道淋巴瘤 10例 ( 2 4% ) ,属胃恶性淋巴瘤 3例 ,肠道恶性淋巴瘤 7例。男性 7例 ,女性 3例 ,年龄2 3～ 67岁 ,平均 47.9岁。1.2　初发表现至确诊…     

恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润的超声诊断

目的：探讨B型超声对恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润的诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析91例恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润的声像图表现。结果：恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润可分为二型；弥漫型占25．27％、结节型占74.73％、其中低回声结节型占65．93％。结论：B型超声对恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润县有较高的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。     

脊柱原发性恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现

脊柱原发性恶性淋巴瘤的影像学表现龚向阳王谨李方利王伯胤骨原发性恶性淋巴瘤（ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｌｙｍ－ｐｈｏｍａｏｆｂｏｎｅ，ＰＬＢ）是非常少见的结外淋巴瘤，发生于椎体者更为罕见，国内外文献报道少见。笔者搜集了８例经手术病理证实的脊柱原发性恶性淋巴瘤（ｐｒ...     

原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤临床分析

目的提高胃肠恶性淋巴瘤的临床诊断水平。方法回顾性分析1990年～2007年16例原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床状况。结果原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现以腹痛、恶心、呕吐、嗳气、食欲缺乏和体重减轻为主。X线检查和内镜检查是主要诊断方法。确诊依靠病理学检查。结论原发性胃肠恶性淋巴瘤临床表现与其他胃肠疾病类似。临床疑诊病例的确诊应该取活检行病理学检查。     

原发性肺淋巴瘤的 CT 表现

肺内原发性淋巴瘤少见,在所有肺部肿瘤及所有恶性淋巴瘤中其发病率均不到1%,在所有结外淋巴瘤中发病率约3%~4%[1]。本病影像学表现缺乏特异性,临床工作中往往造成误诊,笔者回顾性分析7例经病理证实的原发性肺淋巴瘤的CT 表现,以进一步提高对该病的认识。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润的价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声对恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析1995年以来经超声引导穿刺活检病理证实的结内恶性淋巴瘤结外浸润58例的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现及特征，33例同期进行了CT检查。结果：结内恶性淋巴瘤结外最易受侵的脏器为脾脏，其次是肝脏、肾脏及睾丸等。本组脾脏浸润42例，占72.41％；肝脏受侵14例，占24.14％；肾脏受侵5例，占8.62％。声像图主要特征为受累脏器弥漫或局限分布的低回声结节和血流信号的增多。依据声像图特点，可分为两型四种声像图表现。本组Ⅰ型12例；Ⅱ型46例。结论：彩色多普勒超声对结内恶性淋巴结外浸润的检查无创无痛、方便快捷、结果可靠，可作为本病首选的影像检查方法。     

PET-CT、CT及MRI诊断原发性鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤的临床价值分析

目的探讨原发性鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤PET-CT、CT及MRI诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例原发性鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤患者PET-CT、CT及MRI影像学表现,并与手术及病理结果进行比较。结果 1)32例患者后均经病理证实为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中明确诊断为NK/T细胞淋巴瘤27例;2)PET-CT的符合率为93.7%,显著高于单独应用CT、MRI符合率的71.9%、75.1%,差异均有统计学意义(X~2=7.2346,P=0.0032;X~2=6.9538,P=0.0037)。结论原发性鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤的PET-CT表现有一定的特征性,结合其影像表现及病理检查,可提高该病诊断的敏感性和准确性,并显示鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤侵犯范围及程度。     

泌尿系统原发性结外淋巴瘤的临床及影像学表现

淋巴瘤是临床最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,但原发性结外淋巴瘤并不常见,来源于泌尿系统的淋巴瘤则更为罕见。泌尿系统原发性结外淋巴瘤中,肾是最常见的受累部位,其次为膀胱,输尿管淋巴瘤最为罕见,其常见症状有腹痛、腹部肿块、肾功能不足、血尿和排尿困难等,熟知其影像学表现对临床诊断及治疗均很重要。     

原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤9例

原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤 (primarymalignantlymphomaofthethyroid ,PMLT)是一种黏膜相关淋巴组织起源的淋巴瘤[1] ,国外报告占所有甲状腺恶性肿瘤的 1 3%～ 5 % [2 ,3] ,国内仅见零散报告。我院自 1990年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月共收治甲状腺恶性肿瘤 6 12例 ,其中原发性甲状腺恶性淋巴瘤 9例 ,占1 5 %。1　临床资料1 1　一般情况　男 6例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 18～ 75岁 ,平均 5 9岁。病程 2周～ 4年 ;均发现颈部肿物 ,其中合并声音嘶哑 2例 ,伴有发热 1例。除临床检查外 ,均经病理及免疫组化检查确诊。 9例中 ,低度恶性淋巴瘤 (裂 无裂型 ) 8例 …     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）