类风湿关节炎相关性间质性肺疾病的研究进展

类风湿关节炎相关性间质性肺疾病发病率高,是类风湿关节炎患者的主要死因之一.其发病机制尚不明确,病史不清,以慢性咳嗽和缓慢进展的呼吸困难为主要症状,肺功能显示限制性通气功能障碍,影像学改变以磨玻璃样阴影、网格状阴影、蜂窝肺最为常见,支气管肺泡灌洗提示存在肺泡炎,病理类型以普通型间质性肺炎最为多见,激素治疗效果差,预后不佳...     

类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病的临床研究

目的研究类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病（RA-ILD）的临床特点。方法选取136例行胸部CT扫描的类风湿关节炎（RA）患者,回顾性分析其临床及辅助检查资料。结果①符合RA-ILD的患者60例（44.1%）;RA-ILD组年龄平均为（63.17±10.20）岁,RA病程〉20年、有吸烟史、药物过敏史的患者构成比[（11/18.3%）,（14/23.3%）,（11/18.3%）]均高于单纯RA组[（58.25±10.22）岁和（5/6.6%）,（7/9.2%）,（2/2.6%）]（P〈0.05）。受累和畸形关节数[（12.22±3.44）,（2.77±2.40）个]显著多于单纯RA组[（10.04±3.1）,（1.09±1.81）个]（P〈0.01）,双手腕关节X线平片分期[（2.87±0.78）期]和血清抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体水平[（503.75±341.93）RU/ml]均高于单纯RA组[（2.53±0.65）,（373.74±405.02）RU/ml]（P〈0.05）;两组性别比、RA病情活动性及类风湿因子（RF）水平无明显差异。②RA-ILD患者主要表现为咳嗽（34/56.7%）和进行性胸闷（25/41.7%）,其中20例（33.3%）无呼吸系统表现。③网格状影（35/60,58.3%）是RA-ILD最常见的胸部CT表现,其次为磨玻璃影（27/60,45.0%）、纤维索条影（24/60,40.0%）;胸部X线平片诊断RA-ILD的误诊率和漏诊率分别为24.7%（18/73）和21.8%（12/55）。结论①RA常累及肺引起ILD;RA发生ILD与年龄、RA病程〉20年、吸烟史、药物过敏史、RA病情严重度及抗CCP抗体有关;②无呼吸系统表现的RA-ILD患者比例较高,网格状影、磨玻璃影和纤维索条影是常见的胸部CT表现。     

甲氨蝶呤治疗类风湿关节炎致间质性肺疾病研究进展

甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)是一种叶酸拈抗剂,早在1951年即被用于治疗类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)。长期小剂量MTX治疗RA经济有效,已广泛应用于临床,但约30%的患者因不能耐受其毒副作用而不得不停止治疗。1969年Clarysse等报道了首例MTX致间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD),迄今为止,文献中有据可查的病例数已超过120例。     

类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病的早期诊断及药物治疗进展

间质性肺疾病是类风湿关节炎患者最常见关节外表现,病死率高.类风湿关节炎相关间质性肺疾病的病因及治疗效果尚不明确.本文就其早期诊断与药物治疗作一综述,以期改善其预后.     

类风湿关节炎患者血清白细胞介素-4水平与间质性肺疾病的关系

目的明确类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者血清中白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)的水平及其与RA继发间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)的关系,探讨RA及RA继发ILD的发病机制及相关因素。方法选择RA患者62例,其中单纯RA患者31例,RA伴发ILD患者31例;健康对照者30例。应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测各组血清中IL-4水平,同时比较各组实验室指标免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、IgA、IgM、γ-球蛋白、类风湿因子(RF)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及关节肿痛数的差异,并进行相关性分析。结果 RA组血清IL-4水平为(61.87±41.36)pg/ml,健康对照组血清IL-4水平为(25.48±14.28)pg/ml,两组相比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RA继发ILD组血清IL-4水平(92.70±32.01)pg/ml较单纯RA组(30.05±24.45)pg/ml明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总RA组血清IL-4水平较健康对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RA继发ILD组血清IL-4水平较单纯RA组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IL-4可能参与RA的发病,且在RA并发ILD的发生发展中起一定作用。     

类风湿关节炎间质性肺疾病的研究进展

类风湿性关节炎是最常见的风湿性疾病,发病率约1%～2%.将近50%的患者会出现关节外表现,包括皮肤、眼、心脏和肺[1].虽然呼吸系统疾病在类风湿关节炎患者死因中居于第二位,但近年来其死亡率呈明显上升趋势[2],其中类风湿关节炎间质性肺疾病( RA-ILD)引起的呼吸衰竭为其中的直接或间接主要死因[3].     

类风湿关节炎外周血单个核细胞磷酸二酯酶活性的变化及与间质性肺疾病的关系

目的 观察类风湿关节炎(RA)外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)活性的变化及与间质性肺疾病(ILD)的关系,探讨PDEs在RA及RA-ILD发病机制中的作用.方法 67例初治活动期RA患者分为RA-ILD组30例和单纯RA组37例,同时设健康对照组20名,高效液相色谱法测定PBMCs中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP) PDEs的活性变化,并与患者的临床、实验室及肺损伤指标进行相关性分析.采用单因素方差分析、Student-Newman-Keuls检验、t检验、Spearman相关分析进行统计学分析.结果 ①RA患者PBMC-cAMP-PDEs活性(51±11)高于对照组(34±8,P＜0.01),其中RA-ILD组PBMC-cAMP-PDEs活性(58±10)高于单纯RA组(46±7,P＜0.0l).②RA患者PBMC-cAMP-PDEs水平与晨僵时间、关节压痛数、关节肿胀数、X线分期、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、类风湿因子(RF)以及28个关节疾病活动指数(DAS28)评分呈正相关(r值分别为0.432、0.441、0.527、0.430、0.466、0.616、0.662、0.519,P均＜0.01).③RA-ILD患者PBMC-cAMP-PDEs水平与ERS、CRP、RF、CT评分呈正相关(r值分别为0.466、0.616、0.662、0.488,P均＜0.01),与动脉血氧分压(PaO2)呈负相关(r=--0.563,P＜0.01),与肺活量(VC)及一氧化碳弥散吸收率(DLCO)无明显相关性(r值分别为0.118、-0.259,P＞0.05).结论 RA及RA-ILD患者免疫细胞内PDEs活性增高,并与RA疾病活动性及RA-ILD肺损伤严重程度有关,提示PDEs可能参与了RA及RA-ILD的发病过程.     

类风湿关节炎继发间质性肺疾病患者胸部高分辨率CT和生活质量的研究

目的 观察治疗前后类风湿关节炎(RA)继发间质性肺疾病( ILD)患者胸部高分辨率CT( HRCT)和生活质量的变化及与HRCT相关的主要因素.方法 26例初治RA-ILD患者,观察治疗前、治疗12周及24周临床特征、HRCT、生活质量的变化,治疗前后指标变化采用重复测量资料的方差分析,用多元回归的方法分析HRCT与其他指标的相关性.结果 26例患者中男性12例(46％).随访24周,11例出现肺部感染,发生率42％.激素联合环磷酰胺治疗24周,HRCT评分(8±6)较治疗前(12±5)明显好转,治疗12周HRCT显示12例有吸收,治疗24周16例有吸收,6例无明显变化,4例进展.治疗后患者生活质量圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)中影响分、症状分、活动分、总均分明显下降(F=3.783,6.362,4.217,4.426;均P＜0.05),健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)中身体和精神健康各项指标均较治疗前明显提高(P＜0.01).HRCT的相关因素:治疗前SGRQ中影响分(P=0.000)、症状分(P=0.001)、SF-36中精力(P=0.012)、球蛋白(P=0.027);治疗24周SGRQ中症状分(P=0.001)、病程(P=0.002)、英国医学研究会呼吸困难量表(MRC)气促分级(P=0.011)、SF-36中精力(P=0.036).结论 男性RA易继发ILD,RA-ILD易出现肺部感染,早期治疗后大部分患者胸部HRCT有吸收,生活质量明显提高.呼吸道症状、气促程度、球蛋白、病程及患者的精力与HRCT明显相关.     

吸烟相关性间质性肺疾病

吸烟对人类健康的威胁是多方面的,可以引起全身多个器官、系统受累,对肺脏的损害尤为突出。吸烟是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）致病最重要的危险因素,也是导致肺癌的主要原因之一。近年来,吸烟所致慢性呼吸系统疾病的主要进展,在于对吸烟相关性间质性肺疾病（SR-ILD）的认识,包括呼吸性细支气管炎伴间质性肺病（RB-ILD）、脱屑性问质性肺炎（DIP）、肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症（PLCH）和特发性肺纤维化（IPF）。     

吸烟相关性间质性肺疾病研究进展

吸烟可能与间质性肺疾病的发生与发展密切相关,包括脱屑性间质性肺炎、呼吸性细支气管炎伴间质性肺疾病、肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症和特发性肺纤维化等,这类疾病统称为吸烟相关性间质性肺疾病,了解这些疾病的特征,对问质性肺疾病的诊治有重要意义.     

类风湿性关节炎相关间质性肺疾病的研究进展

间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)是类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)常见的关节外病变和主要的死亡原因之一,早期诊治类风湿性关节炎相关间质性肺疾病(RA-ILD)直接影响RA患者预后。本文对近年RA-ILD的研究进展作简要概述,以期提高对该病的认识。     

Efficacy of intensive immunosuppression in exacerbated rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease

Objectives: Acute or subacute exacerbations are recognized as a severe complication of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). Nevertheless, the role of intensive immunosuppression in RA-ILD remains elusive. We attempted to evaluate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment in exacerbated RA-ILD.

Methods: Clinical data, including respiratory function, imaging, treatment, and prognosis, were retrospectively collected for 17 patients with RA-ILD who required hospitalization at the University of Tokyo Hospital due to an acute exacerbation (12 patients) or subacute exacerbation (5 patients).

Results: Patients with RA-ILD demonstrated a significantly higher titers of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies compared with RA patients in Japanese Ninja registry, suggesting the role of adaptive immunity. Immunosuppressive treatment suppressed the deterioration of pulmonary functions with improved ground grass opacity and consolidation. In particular, in patients with less fibrosis on computed tomography (CT) images showed a better response to treatment. Although five patients treated with combination therapy, including cyclophosphamide, showed a severely decreased lung volume, these intensive therapies provided a good prognosis without fatalities for the average observation period of 474 days.

Conclusions: Immunosuppressive therapy is effective for exacerbations of RA-ILD. For severe cases with low respiratory function, intensive therapy, including cyclophosphamide, has a potential to improve the prognosis.     

类风湿关节炎合并肺间质病变的临床特点

目的 分析类风湿关节炎（RA）合并肺间质纤维化（ILD）患者的临床特点,为尽早发现和诊断RA-ILD提供有价值的临床信息.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2009年1月于我院就诊的40例RA-ILD患者与42例未合并ILD的RA患者的临床资料,并对两组患者的临床资料加以比较.结果 RA-ILD组患者多数以咳嗽为首发症状,全部患者高分辨率CT检查均存在不同程度的ILD表现.RA-ILD组患者的病程、晨僵时间长于未合并ILD的RA组患者（P＜0.05）.RA-ILD患者组的DAS28评分、血沉、C反应蛋白、抗环瓜氨酸（CCP）抗体、Ro-52阳性率高于未合并ILD的RA组患者（P均＜0.05）.结论 RA-ILD患者多数以咳嗽为首发症状,高分辨率CT能较早的提示ILD并评价其严重程度.RA病程、活动性、炎性指标、抗CCP抗体及抗Ro-52可能是与RA-ILD密切相关的重要指标.     

类风湿关节炎合并间质性肺病及血清表面活性蛋白研究进展

类风湿关节炎合并间质性肺病发病率、病死率高,早期易误诊、漏诊,尤其后期出现肺间质纤维化,临床治疗很困难.近年来,血清表面活性蛋白在间质性肺病研究较多.本文基于对类风湿关节炎合并间质性肺病的诊断和治疗进展方面的现代认识及血清表面活性蛋白在间质性肺病的研究进展进行综述,为该疾病早期诊断和治疗效果观察提供新的方法和手段.     

Acute exacerbation of rheumatoid interstitial lung disease during the maintenance therapy with certolizumab pegol

We report a case involving a 68-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with acute exacerbated interstitial lung disease (ILD) during certolizumab pegol maintenance therapy. She recovered quickly with steroid pulse therapy and was discharged without deterioration of basal pulmonary function. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the circulating cleaved interleukin-1β at the phase of acute exacerbation of RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) in this patient. The findings from this case suggested that the Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome is implicated in acute RA-ILD exacerbation.     

Rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease: Clinical,radiological and laboratory characteristics

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) has a significant burden of morbidity and mortality.Aim of the workTo analyze clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics of RA-ILD in an Egyptian cohort.Patients and methodsThe study included 160 RA patients. Detailed medical history, disease activity score (DAS28) and joint damage (Sharp score) were carefully recorded. Chest x-ray, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done and patients were sub-grouped as RA-ILD (HRCT or PFTs abnormalities) and RA without ILD.ResultsPatients were 136 (85%) females and 24 (15%) males with a mean age of 37.8 ± 11.3 years and disease duration of 4.98 ± 5.53 years. 50% of patients had chest manifestations suggestive of ILD. 60% demonstrated abnormalities in PFT and 63.75% in HRCT. The most common HRCT findings were reticulation (66.6%) and ground glass appearance (64.7%), followed by bronchiectasis (50.9%) and honey combing (46%). usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) was the most common HRCT subtype (49%). RA-ILD patients were significantly older (p < 0.001), had longer disease duration (p < 0.001), more frequent arthritis (p = 0.002), higher DAS28 (p < 0.001) and Sharp score (p < 0.001), significantly positive rheumatoid factor (RF) (p = 0.007) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) (p < 0.001).ConclusionA high frequency of ILD among Egyptian patients is recorded due to careful evaluation of respiratory symptoms and valuable assessment by PFTs and HRCT chest. UIP is the most common radiologic pattern of RA-ILD. RA patients with ILD are significantly older with longer disease duration, delayed age at onset, high disease activity with arthritis and positive RF and ACPA.