哺乳动物壳多糖酶在支气管哮喘中的作用

壳多糖酶能够催化壳多糖中β（1→4）糖苷键的水解。近年来的研究发现,哺乳动物壳多糖酶可能在支气管哮喘发病中发挥着重要作用。对哺乳动物壳多糖酶在支气管哮喘发病中作用及机制的深入研究,有可能为支气管哮喘的治疗提供新的思路与方法 。     

从真菌蛋白酶与哺乳动物壳多糖酶看支气管哮喘与真菌感染

近年来的研究发现,真菌蛋白酶和哺乳动物壳多糖酶可能在支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）发病中发挥着重要作用,真菌所致哮喘可能是机体的一种保护性抗真菌反应。对真菌蛋白酶和哺乳动物壳多糖酶在哮喘中作用及机制的深入研究,有可能为哮喘的治疗提供新的思路。     

YKL-40在支气管哮喘发病中的作用

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)是一种慢性气道炎症,以气道高反应性和气道重塑为主要特征.YKL-40是新近发现的炎症因子,为哺乳动物体内的甲壳素酶蛋白家族一员.近年研究结果表明YKL-40与哮喘发病关系密切.本文就YKL-40在哮喘发病中的作用予以综述.     

缺氧诱导因子与支气管哮喘

缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia-inducible factor,HIF)是细胞及组织缺氧情况下产生的一种氧依赖的转录激活因子,广泛存在于哺乳动物体内.能诱导多种缺氧反应性表达,使细胞及组织产生一系列反应以适应缺氧环境[1].研究发现在常氧状态下HIF-1a在支气管肺组织中有少量表达,而在支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)大鼠支气管肺组织中HIF-1a表达的量则明显增加,认为HIF-1a参与哮喘的发病机制[2].目前,国内外对该方面的研究很少.现就HIF与哮喘的关系作一综述.     

支气管哮喘与细胞免疫

支气管哮喘是多种免疫细胞参与的慢性呼吸道炎症,对各种免疫细胞在支气管哮喘发病中的作用及作用机制的深入研究将提高对支气管哮喘发病机制的认识。     

老年支气管哮喘患者IL-18、IL-12水平的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨老年支气管哮喘患者外周血白细胞介素18(IL-18)和IL-12的变化及其在哮喘发病机制中的作用.方法 采用ELISA法检测42例老年支气管哮喘患者及26例正常对照组检测血清中IL-18及IL-12水平.结果 支气管哮喘发作期患者的血浆IL-12明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01),IL-18明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01).结论 IL-18、IL-12参与了老年支气管哮喘发作期的发病机制,IL-18、IL-12在Th1/Th2细胞因子网络失衡的发病机制中起重要的调节作用.     

金水宝胶囊对支气管哮喘患者几种免疫细胞因子的影响

支气管哮喘是一种慢性炎症性气道疾病,免疫因素在哮喘的发病过程中发挥重要作用。以往认为辅助性T淋巴细胞Th1/Th2比例失衡是哮喘发病的重要机制。近年发现了一种以产生IL-17为主要细胞因子的Th17细胞,在哮喘的发病机制中同样具有重要作用,IL-17对于中性粒细胞参与的支气管哮喘气道炎症、气道高反应、气道重塑均发挥重要作用,有可能成为治疗哮喘的有意义的靶目标[1-3]。对支气管     

白介素4在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用及其靶向治疗研究

支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)发病率正逐年上升,其发病机制十分复杂.目前认为Th1/Th2反应失衡导致Th2细胞增多是其重要的发病机制之一,其中Th2细胞产生的细胞因子白介素4在哮喘发病中起重要的作用,成为新的哮喘治疗靶点.     

树突状细胞在支气管哮喘中的作用研究进展

支气管哮喘是由多种免疫细胞和炎性细胞因子参与发病的免疫系统性疾病.在支气管哮喘免疫过程发生的初始和维持阶段,树突状细胞对于过敏原的识别,摄取和提呈,CD4+T辅助细胞的分化和活化,以及气道变态反应和机体免疫耐受等方面发挥关键作用.通过干预树突状细胞在支气管哮喘发病机制中的作用,来达到治疗支气管哮喘的目的,已经成为目前指导临床用药的研究热点.     

干扰素γ在支气管哮喘中的免疫学作用

干扰素γ(IFN-γ)是Th1型细胞因子,在支气管哮喘(哮喘)的Th1/Th2失衡的机制中具有重要的复杂的多样化作用.尽管研究发现IFN-γ在哮喘发病中的作用存在一些矛盾现象,但对这种细胞因子在急性重症哮喘和慢性稳定型哮喘中的重要作用的认识是一致的.它可以通过多种途径在哮喘的发病中产生作用,包括:IL-17F-IP-10信号通路、转录因子T-bet和GATA-3、NO途径和调节嗜酸粒细胞等.近年来有关IFN-γ在哮喘发病机制中的作用研究很多.本文就IFN-γ在哮喘发病机制中的作用进行简要综述.     

Bronchial asthma improved after removal of a phaeochromocytoma.

It is uncommon for bronchial asthma to be a symptom of phaeochromocytoma. We describe a patient with a phaeochromocytoma who presented with worsening of her asthma and persistent dyspnoea between attacks. She had markedly elevated levels of catecholamines. After surgical resection of the phaeochromocytoma there was a lasting improvement of the bronchial asthma. We hypothesize that worsening of bronchial asthma in phaeochromocytoma patients may be due to catecholamine-induced deterioration of asthma.     

Three cases of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with bronchial asthma

The association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and bronchial asthma was observed in three patients. All of these patients were female (53, 54, and 41 years old, respectively), and were positive for antimitochondrial antibodies. The patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of both PBC and bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma preceded PBC in two patients, and the reverse order was seen in the other. Patient the clinical symptoms were mainly due to the bronchial asthma. Two patients had asymptomatic PBC and the third patient complained of pruritus. The liver histology showed mild to moderate eosinophilic infiltration in addition to the ductal and hepatic parenchymal changes characteristic of PBC. A survey of 266 cases of PBC referred to us disclosed that, in 6 of these, the PBC was associated with bronchial asthma, while no association with bronchial asthma was the material of found in 166 patients with viral hepatitis in our liver biopsy files. The 3 present cases we experienced suggest that bronchial asthma may be included in the list of extrahepatic diseases associated with PBC. The significance of this association is unclear and may merit further study. Steroid therapy, which is known to cause adverse effects in PBC, was employed for bronchial asthma in these 3 patients. Another therapeutic approach will have to be considered in patients with bronchial asthma associated with PBC.     

大环内酯类抗生素治疗成人支气管哮喘临床疗效观察

目的探讨大环内酯类抗生素在治疗成人支气管哮喘中的临床疗效。方法将52例成人支气管哮喘患者进行随机分组，分别加用大环内酯类抗生素（治疗组）或青霉素类抗生素（对照组）治疗对比疗效。结果两组肺功能和临床症状均获得改善，其中治疗组控制优于对照组。结论大环内酯类抗生素在治疗成人支气管哮喘中疗效确切。     

The relationship between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma frequently coexist in the same patients. Many patients with rhinitis alone demonstrate nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and prospective studies suggest that nasal allergy may be a predisposing risk factor for developing asthma. A growing body of literature has documented that the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis may result in improvement of asthma symptoms, airway caliber, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and exercise. Finally, mechanistic studies of airway physiology have demonstrated that nasal disease may influence pulmonary function via both direct and indirect mechanisms. Nasal disease should be considered as a possible concomitant illness in all patients with asthma and treated appropriately when identified.     

Changes of Soluble ICAM-1 Levels in Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Atopic Bronchial Asthma After Allergen Challenge

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction is essential for leukocyte infiltration into inflammatory sites. Initiation of adhesion is through the up-regulated expression of adhesion molecules in the endothelium or epithelium and the activation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes. To our knowledge, there have been few reports concerning soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (s1CAM-1) in patients with atopic bronchial asthma after allergen challenge. If the levels of s1CAM-1 vary between bronchial asthma patients and normal controls, this variance would be useful to assess the state of this disease. Therefore, we measured the levels of s1CAM-1 in sera from 17 patients with atopic bronchial asthma and normal control subjects. Levels of s1CAM-1 in sera from bronchial asthma patients in prechallenge conditions were higher than in normal control subjects. Levels of s1CAM-1 in sera from bronchial asthma patients 8 hr after challenge were higher than those in sera obtained during prechallenge periods. s1CAM-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from bronchial asthma patients 8 hr after challenge were higher than at 30 min after challenge. These results suggest that higher levels of s1CAM-1 in sera and BAL fluids reflect the up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression in allergic bronchial asthma and these high levels may contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic bronchial asthma.     

Etiological factors of asthma and their relation with bronchial hyperreactivity

As asthma is nearly always associated with non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, this factor has been considered to be an essential requirement for the development of symptomatic asthma. Some factors appear to be inducers of bronchial hyperreactivity and others promotors of asthmatic symptoms. In clinical practice, it is very difficult to classify aetiological factors as inducers or promotors: there is evidence to support the fact that the same factors may cause both bronchial hyperreactivity and asthmatic symptoms; conversely, the evidence for hereditary non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity is hardly convincing. These observations suggest that non- specific bronchial hyperreactivity is more a marker of bronchial asthma than a true aetiological factor.     

支气管哮喘患者记忆性T淋巴细胞对B淋巴细胞产生IgE作用的研究

目的 探讨记忆性（ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ４５ＲＯ＾＋）Ｔ淋巴细胞在支气管哮喘的发病中的作用。方法 分别分离出支气管哮喘病人及健康对照的ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ４５ＲＯ＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群,并将其与各自的Ｂ淋巴细胞共同培养,设定刺激组（美洲商陆有丝分裂原）及非刺激组,测定培养上清液中ＩｇＥ的含量。结果 哮喘病人自然状态的ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ４５ＲＯ＾＋Ｔ淋巴细胞对Ｂ淋巴细胞产生ＩｇＥ有正向促进作用,但有接受美洲商陆有丝分裂原     

Diagnosis of asthma – new theories

Introduction: Recent studies have shown a remarkably high frequency of poorly controlled asthma. Several reasons for this treatment failure have been discussed, however, the basic question of whether the diagnosis is always correct has not been considered. Follow-up studies have shown that in many patients asthma cannot be verified despite ongoing symptoms. Mechanisms other than bronchial obstruction may therefore be responsible. The current definition of asthma may also include symptoms that are related to mechanisms other than bronchial obstruction, the clinical hallmark of asthma. Aim: Based on a review of the four cornerstones of asthma – inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, bronchial obstruction and symptoms – the aim was to present some new aspects and suggestions related to the diagnosis of adult non-allergic asthma. Conclusion: Recent studies have indicated that “classic” asthma may sometimes be confused with asthma-like disorders such as airway sensory hyperreactivity, small airways disease, dysfunctional breathing, non-obstructive dyspnea, hyperventilation and vocal cord dysfunction. This confusion may be one explanation for the high proportion of misdiagnosis and treatment failure. The current diagnosis, focusing on bronchial obstruction, may be too “narrow”. As there may be common mechanisms a broadening to include also non-obstructive disorders, forming an asthma syndrome, is suggested. Such broadening requires additional diagnostic steps, such as qualitative studies with analysis of reported symptoms, non-effort demanding methods for determining lung function, capsaicin test for revealing airway sensory hyperreactivity, careful evaluation of the therapeutic as well as diagnostic effect of corticosteroids and testing of suggested theories.     

支气管哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘及急性支气管炎气道反应性特点及意义

目的探讨支气管哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘及急性支气管炎气道反应性特点,以便为临床诊断提供依据。方法采用日本产ＡＳＴＯＧＡＰＨＴＣＫ６０００ＣＶ气道反应测定仪,以乙酰甲胆碱为气道激发剂,观察６０例支气管哮喘、５８例咳嗽变异性哮喘及３７例急性支气管炎患者气道反应性变化。结果支气管哮喘和咳嗽变异性哮喘病人气道激发试验均为阳性,哮喘病人的气道反应阈值（Ｄｍｉｎ）低于咳嗽变异性哮喘病人（Ｐ＜００５）。急性支气管炎病人中,气道激发试验３３例阴性,占８９％,４例阳性,占１１％。４例阳性急性支气管炎患者的气道反应性曲线与哮喘组及咳嗽变异性哮喘组明显不同,其Ｄｍｉｎ也显著高于哮喘组（Ｐ＜００１）及咳嗽变异性哮喘组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论气道反应性测定对于不同类型哮喘及急性支气管炎的鉴别和指导治疗具有很好的临床应用价值。