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1.
目前肾脏的 MRI 研究正由单纯形态解剖学向功能评估方面转变;肾脏 fMRI 能够从扩散和灌注方面提供更多关于肾脏微观结构的信息;其中 MR 扩散张量成像(DTI)是在扩散加权成像(DWI)技术基础上发展起来的一项新技术,能够反映水分子扩散的各向异性,并从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理改变情况。肾脏的 DTI 的研究尚处在起步阶段。本文主要综述近几年国内外关于 DTI 在肾脏功能评估中的一些临床应用。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨正常成人肾脏扩散张量成像(DTI)的特性及其临床意义.方法 21例志愿者行肾脏DTI检查.分析肾脏皮质、髓质的表观扩散系数(ADC)、分数各向异性(FA值),并行髓质纤维束成像.结果 肾皮质和肾髓质ADC值分别为(2.34±0.16)×10-3 mm2/s和(2.10±0.17)×10-3 mm2/s,两者间具有显著性差异(t=2.45,P<0.05).髓质扩散张量示踪图显示肾髓质内放射状指向皮质的放射束.结论 DTI 可显示正常肾脏超微结构变化.肾髓质中水分子扩散具有高各向异性,肾皮质各向异性较弱.肾髓质的高FA值与肾小管、集合管的放射性走行有关.  相似文献   

3.
扩散张量MR成像   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
扩散张量成像(DTI)是在分子水平上研究组织中水分子随机运动的一种无创性的功能性磁共振成像技术。在人体生理条件下,水分子在各个方向上的扩散率不同,即扩散异向性,DTI能够测量到水分子在三维空间扩散的方向和扩散程度,描述组织的各向异性特点,精确地研究纤维走行方向。  相似文献   

4.
扩散张量成像在视辐射成像中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
MR检查中扩散张量成像为研究脑白质纤维束(包括视辐射)的走行提供了可能,介绍各向异性扩散加权磁共振成像与扩散张量成像的原理、白质纤维束成像与功能磁共振成像的结合,探讨其在视辐射中的应用价值。  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨前列腺磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)的可行性及正常外周带和中央腺区DTI特征。方法研究对象为20例健康男性志愿者,DTI都采用Siemens Sonata1.5T超导成像仪和腹部相控阵线圈,应用西门子Leonardo工作站相应的软件进行数据处理。DTI记录感兴趣区各向异性(FA)比值和平均ADC值,并绘制相应参数图和纤维示踪影像。对比不同感兴趣区的相应成像指标的差异。结果正常外周带(PZ)和中央区(CZ)的FA值分别为0.16±0.03和0.23±0.04,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。PZ和CZ的平均ADC值分别为(1.85±0.34)×10-3mm2/s和(1.37±0.27)×10-3mm2/s,两者差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论正常前列腺DTI具有可行性,中央腺区与外周带DTI指标存在明显差异。  相似文献   

6.
阿尔茨海默病是导致痴呆的主要发病因素。对于阿尔茨海默病的早期诊断和监控,MRI检查是有效的。扩散张量成像较常规MRI对显示阿尔茨海默病早期纤维束的受损情况更敏感,不仅可在一定程度上反映该病的病理变化,而且可反映其微观结构的变化,有助于在脑皮质发生明显萎缩之前对阿尔茨海默病进行早期诊断。  相似文献   

7.
MR检查中扩散张量成像为研究脑白质纤维束(包括视辐射)的走行提供了可能,介绍各向异性扩散加权磁共振成像与扩散张量成像的原理、白质纤维束成像与功能磁共振成像的结合,探讨其在视辐射中的应用价值.  相似文献   

8.
9.
磁共振扩散张量成像在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在诊断良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperplasia,BPH)和前列腺癌(PCa)中的价值.资料与方法 研究对象为经病理证实的20例PCa和25例BPH患者,DTI都采用Siemens Sonata 1.5 T超导成像仪和腹部相控阵线圈,应用Siemens Leonardo工作站相应的软件进行数据处理.DTI记录感兴趣区各向异性(FA)值和平均表观扩散系数(ADC)值并绘制相应参数图和纤维示踪图像.对比不同感兴趣区的相应成像指标的差异.结果 正常外周带、BPH和PCa的FA值分别为0.16±0.03、0.23±0.04和0.46±0.02(P<0.05).正常外周带、BPH和PCa的平均ADC值分别为(1.85±0.34)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.37±0.27)×10-3mm2/s和(0.61±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s,三者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 正常前列腺组织、BPH和PCa组织DTI指标存在差异,结合常规MRI检查有助于PCa的鉴别诊断.  相似文献   

10.
胶质瘤是脑内最常见的恶性肿瘤,胶质瘤分级对其治疗方案的选择及预后判断尤为重要。扩散张量成像(DTI)是目前唯一可以在活体状态下无创性检测组织微观结构的功能成像方法。DTI对水分子运动敏感,尤其是沿着轴突纤维束分布的水分子,而胶质瘤肿瘤细胞浸润主要沿着白质神经束走行,低级别胶质瘤的神经轴扩散率为3.7%~5.3%,而高级别胶质瘤为10%~27%,因此DTI对胶质瘤的分级诊断具有重要的价值。现就近年来DTI对胶质瘤分级诊断的研究现状及研究前景等方面内容进行综述。  相似文献   

11.

Purpose

To explore the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor metrics (DTM) in characterizing the structural pathology of epidermoid cysts. DTI gives information about the tissue structure; a high fractional anisotropy (FA) indicates a highly structured orientation of the tissue, fibers, or white matter tracts. Based on the tensor rank, a set of three metrics has been described that can be used to measure the directional dependence of diffusion: linear anisotropy (CL), planar anisotropy (CP), and spherical anisotropy (CS). DTM takes into account the shape of diffusion anisotropy and hence may provide better insight into the orientation of structures than FA.

Materials and Methods

DTI was performed in three patients with epidermoid cysts. FA, directionally‐averaged mean diffusivity (Dav), exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC), and DTM, such as CL, CP, and CS, were measured from the tumor core as well as from the normal‐appearing white matter. Histopathological correlation was obtained.

Results

Epidermoid cysts showed high FA with Dav values similar to that of normal white matter. eADC maps did not show any restriction of diffusion. FA values were high, but not as high as that for the white matter. CP values were higher and CL values were lower than those obtained for the white matter in various regions.

Conclusion

High CP values suggest preferential diffusion of water molecules along a two‐dimensional geometry, which could be attributed to the well‐structured orientation of keratin filaments and flakes within the tumor as demonstrated by histopathology. Advanced imaging modalities like DTI with DTM can provide information regarding the microstructural anatomy of the epidermoid cysts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:967–970. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

12.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the developing mouse brain.   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
It is shown that diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI) can discretely delineate the microstructure of white matter and gray matter in embryonic and early postnatal mouse brains based on the existence and orientation of ordered structures. This order was found not only in white matter but also in the cortical plate and the periventricular zone, which are precursors of the cerebral cortex. This DTI-based information could be used to accomplish the automated spatial definition of the cortical plate and various axonal tracts. The DTI studies also revealed a characteristic evolution of diffusion anisotropy in the cortex of the developing brain. This ability to detect changes in the organization of the brain during development will greatly enhance morphological studies of transgenic and knockout models of cortical dysfunction. Magn Reson Med 46:18-23, 2001.  相似文献   

13.

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of kidneys with respiratory triggering, and determine the optimal imaging parameters for fraction anisotropy (FA) maps.

Materials and Methods

DTI of kidneys from 16 healthy volunteers was performed using a 1.5T scanner. Five different sequences with different parameters including respiration‐triggered acquisition or multiple breath‐holding, slice thicknesses of 3 or 5 mm, and different numbers of signal averaging and b values were compared. FA and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the cortex and medulla were measured. Measurement error within the same and repeated examination was examined using within‐individual standard deviation (Sw).

Results

FAs of the renal cortex were lower than the medulla (mean value of a sequence ranging 0.148–0.224, 0.433–0.476) and the ADCs of the cortex were higher than the medulla (2.26–2.69 × 10?3 mm2/s, 1.77–2.19 × 10?3 mm2/s) in all sequences (P < 0.001). The renal cortex–medulla difference was the largest, with respiratory trigger‐ ing including a 3‐mm slice thickness, three signal averages,and a b‐value = 0, 200, or 400 s/mm2 (P < 0.001). Sw tended to be smaller in the sequence with a b‐value of 400 s/mm2.

Conclusion

DTI of kidneys with respiratory triggering is feasible with excellent cortex–medulla differentiation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:736–744. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
  相似文献   

14.
15.

Aim

To evaluate the author's experience with the use of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) on patients with glial tumors.

Methods

A retrospective evaluation of a group of 24 patients with glial tumors was performed. There were eight patients with Grade II, eight patients with Grade III and eight patients with Grade IV tumors with a histologically proven diagnosis. All the patients underwent routine imaging including T2 weighted images, multidirectional diffusion weighted imaging (measured in 60 non-collinear directions) and T1 weighted non-enhanced and contrast enhanced images. The imaging sequence and evaluation software were produced by Massachusetts General Hospital Corporation (Boston, MA, USA). Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were calculated in all patients. The white matter FA changes were assessed within the tumorous tissue, on the tumorous borderline and in the normally appearing white matter adjacent to the tumor. A three-dimensional model of the white matter tract was created to demonstrate the space relationship of the tumor and the capsula interna or corpus callosum in each case using the following fiber tracing parameters: FA step 0.25 and a tensor declination angle of 45 gr. An additional assessment of the tumorous tissue enhancement was performed.

Results

A uniform homogenous structure with sharp demargination of the Grade II tumors and the wide rim of the intermedial FA in all Grade III tumors respectively, were found during the evaluation of the FA maps. In Grade IV tumors a variable demargination was noted on the FA maps. The sensitivity and specificity for the discrimination of low- and high-grade glial tumors using FA maps was revealed to be 81% and 87% respectively. If the evaluation of the contrast enhancement was combined with the evaluation of the FA maps, both sensitivity and specificity were 100%.

Conclusion

Although the evaluation of the fractional anisotropy maps is not sufficient for glioma grading, the combination of the contrast enhancement pattern and fractional anisotropy maps evaluation improves the possibility of distinguishing low- and high-grade glial tumors. Three-dimensional models of the white matter fibers in the corpus callosum and the internal capsule may be used in the presurgical planning.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography of the human median nerve with a 1.5-T MR scanner and to assess potential differences in diffusion between healthy volunteers and patients suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome. The median nerve was examined in 13 patients and 13 healthy volunteers with MR DTI and tractography using a 1.5-T MRI scanner with a dedicated wrist coil. T1-weighted images were performed for anatomical correlation. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were quantified in the median nerve on tractography images. In all subjects, the nerve orientation and course could be detected with tractography. Mean FA values were significantly lower in patients (p=0.03). However, no statistically significant differences were found for mean ADC values. In vivo assessment of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel using DTI with tractography on a 1.5-T MRI scanner is possible. Microstructural parameters can be easily obtained from tractography images. A significant decrease of mean FA values was found in patients suffering from chronic compression of the median nerve. Further investigations are necessary to determine if mean FA values may be correlated with the severity of nerve entrapment.  相似文献   

17.
INTRODUCTION: The signal characteristics of an epidermoid on T2-weighted imaging have been attributed to the presence of increased water content within the tumor. In this study, we explore the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor metrics (DTM) in knowing the microstructural anatomy of epidermoid cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI was performed in ten patients with epidermoid cysts. Directionally averaged mean diffusivity (D (av)), exponential diffusion, and DTM-like fractional anisotropy (FA), diffusion tensor mode (mode), linear (CL), planar (CP), and spherical (CS) anisotropy were measured from the tumor as well as from the normal-looking white matter. RESULTS: Epidermoid cysts showed high FA. However, D (av) and exponential diffusion values did not show any restriction of diffusion. Diffusion tensor mode values were near -1, and CP values were high within the tumor. This suggested preferential diffusion of water molecules along a two-dimensional geometry (plane) in epidermoid cysts, which could be attributed to the parallel-layered arrangement of keratin filaments and flakes within these tumors. CONCLUSION: Thus, advanced imaging modalities like DTI with DTM can provide information regarding the microstructural anatomy of the epidermoid cysts.  相似文献   

18.

Purpose

To characterize changes in diffusion properties of liver using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in an experimental model of liver fibrosis.

Materials and Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) by repetitive dosing of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The animals were examined with a respiratory‐gated single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar DTI protocol at 7 T before, 2 weeks after, and 4 weeks after CCl4 insult. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), directional diffusivities (ADC// and ADC?), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured. Liver histology was performed with hematoxylin‐eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining.

Results

Significant decrease (P < 0.01) in ADC was found at 2 weeks (0.86 ± 0.09 × 10?3 mm2/s) and 4 weeks (0.74 ± 0.09 × 10?3 mm2/s) following CCl4 insult, as compared with that before insult (0.97 ± 0.08 × 10?3 mm2/s). Meanwhile, FA at 2 weeks (0.18 ± 0.03) after CCl4 insult was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that before insult (0.26 ± 0.05), and subsequently normalized at 4 weeks (0.26 ± 0.07) after the insult. Histology showed collagen deposition, presence of intracellular fat vacuoles, and cell necrosis/apoptosis in livers with CCl4 insult.

Conclusion

DTI detected the progressive changes in water diffusivities and diffusion anisotropy of liver tissue in this liver fibrosis model. ADC and FA are potentially valuable in detecting liver fibrosis at early stages and monitoring its progression. Future human studies are warranted to further verify the applicability of DTI in characterizing liver fibrosis and to determine its role in clinical settings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:1141–1148. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
  相似文献   

19.
Diffusion tensor microimaging was used to investigate the water diffusion properties of formalin‐fixed prostate tissue at spatial resolution approaching the cellular scale. Diffusion tensor microimaging was performed at 16.4 T with 40 μm isotropic voxels. Diffusion tensor microimaging clearly demonstrated distinct microscopic diffusion environments and tissue architecture consistent with that seen on light microscopy of the same tissue. The most restricted diffusion environment is the secretory epithelial cell layer (voxel bulk mean diffusivity, D = 0.4 ± 0.1 × 10?3 mm2/sec). Diffusion in the fibromuscular stromal matrix is relatively less restricted (D = 0.7 ± 0.1 × 10?3 mm2/sec). In tumor tissue (Gleason pattern 4+4) distinct glandular and ductal structures are absent in the diffusion‐weighted images and diffusivity is low (D = 0.5 ± 0.1 × 10?3 mm2/sec). Distinct stromal and epithelial diffusion compartments are the most likely origin of biexponential diffusion decay observed in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
Lissencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized histologically by arrested neuronal migration such that the brain resembles that of a fetus before 23-24 weeks gestation. We studied a neonate with lissencephaly by using diffusion tensor imaging and suggest the dysplastic densely cellular layer IV is visible as a band of anisotropic diffusion. Fiber tracking showed lack of connectivity between the cortex and deep white matter and an abnormal limbic system.  相似文献   

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