金天格胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗新疆维吾尔族骨质疏松 患者的疗效观察

目的探讨金天格胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗新疆维吾尔族骨质疏松症患者的临床疗效。方法选取2011年6月至2012 年12月住院期间维吾尔族骨质疏松患者44例,年龄段为50 -59岁,所有患者均初次诊断为骨质疏松症,未曾行任何抗骨质 疏松治疗,同时排除其他骨代谢性疾病或药物影响,随机分为治疗组(23例,平均年龄56. 3岁）,给予唑来膦酸注射后辅以金 天格胶囊,同时口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及罗盖全0. 25 ug/d;对照组（21例,平均年龄57.1岁）,对照组仅给予口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及罗盖全0.25 ug/d,治疗时间一年,采用双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA)测定两组治疗前后的腰椎2 -4、股骨颈、Ward’s三 角区骨密度值。结果排除治疗组中2例患者脱失外,治疗组骨密度增幅程度均显著髙于对照组（P <0.05)。结论金天格 胶囊联合唑来膦酸可以明显增加新疆维吾尔族骨质疏松患者的骨密度,抑制骨量丢失,并且减少唑来膦酸不良反应的发生, 此二者联合用药治疗骨质疏松安全、经济、髙效。     

唑来膦酸治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床观察

目的探讨注射用唑来膦酸5 mg对原发性骨质疏松症患者的临床疗效。方法选取2011年6月至11月住院期间53例原发性骨质疏松症患者,所有患者均初次诊断为原发性骨质疏松症,未曾行任何抗骨质疏松治疗,同时排除其他骨代谢性疾病或药物影响,随机分为研究组28例,平均年龄60.4岁,给予唑来膦酸5 mg,静脉滴注30 min,同时口服钙尔奇D600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25μg/d;对照组25例,平均年龄61.2岁,给予口服钙尔奇D600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25μg/d,治疗时间为1年。采用双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA）测定两组治疗前后的L1-4、股骨颈、Ward’s三角区骨密度值。结果排除对照组中2例患者失访外,研究组骨密度增幅程度均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。4例患者在注射唑来膦酸后出现发热、头痛及流感样症状,给予非甾体类抗炎药（NSAIDs）对症治疗后4例患者均在3 d内缓解,未见其他不良反应。结论唑来膦酸注射液5 mg可明显提高原发性骨质疏松症患者的骨密度,且不良反应可耐受,在原发性骨质疏松症患者中值得推广应用。     

唑来膦酸对维吾尔族绝经后妇女骨质疏松性骨折骨代谢指标的影响

目的：探讨注射用唑来膦酸对骨质疏松性骨折维吾尔族绝经后妇女骨代谢指标的影响。方法将2011年6月-2013年1月新疆维吾尔族自治区人民医院收治的105例骨质疏松性骨折维吾尔族绝经后妇女纳入本随机对照试验,其中对照组50例,给予口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25μg/d,治疗时间6个月;治疗组55例,在对照组治疗的基础上予唑来膦酸5 mg,静脉滴注30 min。观察治疗前后两组患者血清骨碱性磷酸酶（BAP）、骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRACP）-5b水平及L2～L4、股骨颈骨密度（BMD）的变化。结果3例患者失访,102例患者获得随访。治疗组与对照组用药前后BAP、BGP水平比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组用药前TRACP-5b水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但用药后治疗组TRACP-5b水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗组用药6个月后患者L2～L4、股骨颈BMD均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组8例患者注射唑来膦酸后出现发热、头痛及流感样症状,对症治疗后3d内缓解,未见肾损害、消化道不适、下颌骨坏死等严重不良反应。结论对于骨质疏松性骨折维吾尔族绝经后女性患者,唑来膦酸注射液可能通过抑制破骨细胞活性、阻止骨吸收来发挥作用,能够有效增强患者骨密度,治疗安全有效,值得推广。     

唑来膦酸注射液治疗老年骨质疏松性腰背痛的临床疗效观察

目的观察唑来膦酸注射液治疗老年骨质疏松性腰背痛患者的临床疗效。方法将我院自2011.09~2012.05月收治的61例老年骨质疏松性腰背痛患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组29例,对照组32例,治疗组给予唑来膦酸注射液5 mg静脉滴注,1年1次,用药期间充分补充水分,并予服用非甾体类消炎镇痛药物。对照组静脉滴注250 mL生理盐水,两组患者均长期服用钙尔奇D600 mg,1日2次;骨化三醇0.25μg 1日1次,通过患者自我VAS疼痛评分评估,医师检查疼痛评估及骨密度测定评定功能。结果 61例中除了对照组1例因心脏疾病于随访期死亡外,其余60例均获得了6~9月临床随访,平均随访7,8月,与对照组比较治疗组腰背痛症状评分明显改善(P0.05),且骨密度亦明显增加(P0.05)。结论唑来膦酸注射液治疗老年骨质疏松性腰背痛近期及中期疗效明显,可明显缓解疼痛,值得临床推广应用,但对I型骨质疏松性腰背痛患者使用时需慎重。     

唑来膦酸对骨质疏松患者全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨密度的影响

目的：探讨注射用唑来膦酸5 mg对骨质疏松患者全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨密度的影响。方法选取2012年3月至2013年2月期间因骨质疏松性髋部骨折行全髋关节置换术的患者31例,所有患者初次诊断均为原发性骨质疏松症合并髋部骨折,入院前未曾行任何抗骨质疏松治疗,根据随机数字表分为两组：治疗组（16例,平均年龄73.8岁）,全髋关节置换术后5～7 d给予唑来膦酸5 mg,静脉滴注30 min,同时口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25 ug/d;对照组（15例,平均年龄74.1岁）,术后仅给予口服钙尔奇600 mg/d及阿尔法D30.25 ug/d。分别于术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月使用双能X线骨密度仪（ DEXA）测定两组患者假体周围各感兴趣区的骨密度值。结果两组患者术后3个月、6个月、12个月与术后1周（基线）股骨近端假体周围骨密度除Gruen1区外,2～7区骨密度均呈不同程度下降。治疗组与对照组骨密度变化值相比,术后3个月Gruen 4区（0.84％vs -3.34％, t＝3.5805）、7区（-3.61％vs -16.7, t＝4.0455）组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后6个月Gruen 1区（9.96％vs 1.17％, t＝2.1293）、4区（1.21 vs -2.96, t＝2.0892）、6区（-0.56 vs -6.16, t＝2.9500）、7区（-5.71 vs -22.8, t＝4.3959）组间差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;术后12个月Gruen 1区（13.83 vs 1.39, t＝2.1795）、4区（0.81 vs -3.68, t＝2.1805）、6区（0.14 vs -6.04, t＝0.0247）、7区（-8.39 vs -25.4, t ＝3.8959）组间差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。术后使用唑来膦酸3个月即表现出明显抑制骨量丢失的作用,并且于6个月、12个月时唑来膦酸对Gruen 1、4、6、7区骨量有持续的正向影响;Gruen 7个区中对1、7区的影响最大,治疗组1区骨密度增幅是对照组的9.95倍,7区骨密度减幅是对照组的1/3。结论唑来膦酸注射液5 mg能有效减少股骨假体周围骨密度的丢失,潜在的增加假体生物学稳定性,减少假体无菌性松动的概率,延长假体使用寿命。     

阿仑膦酸钠联合钙尔奇D与钙尔奇D单药治疗对老年女性糖尿病骨质疏松疗效的观察

目的观察阿仑膦酸钠(ALN)联合钙尔奇D与钙尔奇D单药治疗老年女性糖尿病骨质疏松症的骨密度变化以及ALN的安全性。方法老年女性2型糖尿病(T2DM)骨质疏松患者72例,随机分为:ALN联合钙尔奇D组37例,给予ALN(70mg/w)和钙尔奇D(600mg/d);钙尔奇D组35例(600mg/d)总疗程6个月。采用双能X线骨密度测量仪(DXA)测定治疗前后腰椎及髋部骨密度。结果钙尔奇D组治疗前后腰椎及髋部骨密度各部位均有增加,但仅在L1及L4部位T值治疗前后有统计学差异(P0.05);ALN联合钙尔奇D治疗组,腰椎和髋部骨密度均有增加,尤其在腰椎的L1、L3、L4及L总部位均有统计学意义(P0.05)。ALN主要不良反应为上腹部不适,钙尔奇D则以便秘为主。结论ALN联合钙尔奇D治疗可以明显提高老年女性糖尿病骨质疏松患者的骨密度,并具有良好的耐受性和安全性。     

唑来膦酸在骨质疏松合并脊柱结核综合治疗中的疗效观察

目的 探讨唑来膦酸在骨质疏松合并脊柱结核综合治疗中的疗效。方法 将我科2010年~2013年收治的40例脊柱结核伴骨质疏松患者分为A、B两组, A组20 例,为治疗组,平均年龄67.4±5.32岁,术后静脉滴注唑来膦酸5mg,并口服钙尔奇D片2片/天,持续12个月;B组20例,为对照组,平均年龄65.3±6.54岁。给予口服钙尔奇D片2片/天以及阿尔法D3 0.25 μg/d,持续12个月。观察治疗前后两组患者股骨颈（Neck）骨密度、血沉（ESR）、血清β-Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽（β-CTX）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）以及影像学的变化情况。结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术治疗,随访时间1~2.7年,平均1.8年。A、B两组术前股骨颈（Neck）骨密度、ESR、β-CTX 、BALP 均无明显差异。治疗后A组股骨颈（Neck）骨密度显著高于B组（P＜0.05）,A组患者治疗后β-CTX较术前下降明显（P＜0.05）,BALP与术前比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。B组患者β-CTX 、BALP与治疗前比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后A组β-CTX较B组下降明显,有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,BALP组间比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）。A、B组治疗后ESR均较术前缓解明显（P＜0.05）,组间比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）。术后影像学资料提示随访患者均获得Ⅰ级植骨融合,植骨融合率100%,末次随访时未发生断钉断棒情况,B组3例患者内固定松动,余患者内固定位置良好,无明显内固定移位,组间比较无明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论 唑来膦酸在骨质疏松合并脊柱结核的综合治疗中可取得良好的效果。     

唑来膦酸治疗原发性骨质疏松症的疗效观察

目的 研究采用唑来膦酸治疗原发性骨质疏松症的临床疗效.方法 166例原发性骨质疏松症随机分为治疗组及对照组各83例,两组均给予口服钙尔奇D 600 mg,每日1次.治疗组给予唑来膦酸4 mg静脉注射,每年1次.结果 140例得到10～26个月随访,平均13.4个月,与对照组比较,治疗组骨痛症状评分明显下降(P＜0.05);通过定量CT(QCT)检测腰椎骨密度,骨密度增加明显(P＜0.05).结论 唑来膦酸治疗原发性骨质疏松症疗效显著,值得临床推广应用.     

唑来膦酸对老年桡骨远端骨折术后疗效观察

目的观察唑来膦酸对老年桡骨远端骨折的术后疗效。方法分析自2012年1月1日至2012年12月31日行桡骨远端骨折手术患者136例接受手术治疗并纳入研究,118例获得随访(87%),分成唑来膦酸组(A组,59例)和对照组(B组,59例)。唑来膦酸组平均年龄(73.09±5.04)岁,男12例,女47例,术后2~7 d使用唑来膦酸抗骨质疏松治疗,并常规补充钙剂和骨化三醇;对照组平均年龄(73.25±6.96)岁,男14例,女45例,术后2~7 d使用针剂密盖息抗骨质疏松治疗,出院后继续使用密盖息鼻喷剂至术后3个月,常规补充钙剂和骨化三醇,术后4周、3个月随访骨折愈合的情况及术后1年复查骨密度的情况。结果老年桡骨远端骨折患者使用唑来膦酸抗骨质疏松药物后骨折愈合无明显影响且腕关节功能改善,术后1年骨密度较前增加。结论发生桡骨远端骨折的老年骨质疏松患者使用唑来膦酸药物后骨质疏松治疗效果好,同时对骨质疏松性桡骨远端愈合无明显不利影响。     

唑来膦酸在骨质疏松患者中的应用及疗效

目的观察唑来膦酸(5mg/100ml)在原发性骨质疏松症及糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者中的疗效及安全性。方法收集我院住院的骨质疏松症患者46例,分为原发性骨质疏松症组25例及糖尿病合并骨质疏松症组21例,体格检查计算体质指数(BMI),葡萄糖氧化酶法检测血糖,双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎(L2-L4)及左股骨颈BMD,所有患者均静脉给予唑来膦酸5mg治疗,观察不良反应。1年后再次复查骨密度,观察唑来膦酸治疗后骨密度变化。结果治疗前两组间年龄、体质指数、腰椎及股骨颈骨密度无明显差异(P0.05),给予唑来膦酸治疗后,两组均出现不同程度的发热、乏力、头痛、关节痛、恶心等反应,糖尿病组有7例出现血糖一过性升高,但3天后均症状消失、血糖回复正常。使用唑来膦酸1年后复查骨密度,原发性骨质疏松组腰椎骨密度升高4.27%,股骨颈升高4.11%,糖尿病合并骨质疏松组骨密度分别升高3.42%、3.26%。两组骨密度较用药前均有升高(P0.05),但两组间骨密度比较无差异(P0.05)。结论唑来膦酸可以提高骨质疏松症患者骨密度,在原发性骨质疏松症及糖尿病合并骨质疏松症患者中均有较好疗效。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.