非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的　评价非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法　对 89例股骨颈骨折患者 ,采用两枚空心加压螺钉以非平行不相交的空间分布方式行内固定治疗。对治疗后股骨颈骨折愈合率、股骨头坏死率及髋关节功能进行评价。结果　平均随访 3年 2个月 ,股骨颈骨折愈合率为 93 3% ,股骨头坏死率为 4 8%。髋关节功能评价为优 4 8例 ,良 30例 ,可 5例 ,差 6例 ,优良率为 87 6 %。结论　闭合复位 ,非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺丝钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折操作容易、创伤小、股骨头坏死发生率低、骨折愈合率高、髋关节功能恢复理想 ,是治疗股骨颈骨折较为理想的方法     

非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的 评价非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 对89例股骨颈骨折患者，采用两枚空心加压螺钉以非平行不相交的空间分布方式行内固定治疗。对治疗后股骨颈骨折愈合率、股骨头坏死率及髋关节功能进行评价。结果 平均随访3年2个月，股骨颈骨折愈合率为93．3％，股骨头坏死率为4．8％。髋关节功能评价为优48例，良30例，可5例，差6例，优良率为87．6％。结论 闭合复位，非平行不相交两枚空心加压螺丝钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折操作容易、创伤小、股骨头坏死发生率低、骨折愈合率高、髋关节功能恢复理想，是治疗股骨颈骨折较为理想的方法。     

经皮加压钢板与空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的比较研究

目的比较经皮加压钢板(PCCP)与3枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法将自2012-01—2014-01诊治且符合选择标准的42例中青年移位型股骨颈骨折随机分为2组,分别使用经皮加压钢板固定(A组)与3枚空心钉固定(B组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折复位质量、住院时间、术后并发症、术后随访髋关节功能评分及疼痛评分。结果 42例均获得随访14~34个月,平均23.7个月,2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折复位质量、末次随访髋关节功能Harris评分及VAS评分上比较差异无统计学意义。A组无骨折不愈合、股骨头坏死及髋关节畸形等并发症发生;B组2例骨折不愈合,股骨头缺血坏死2例,退钉3例,2组并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论 PCCP与3枚空心加压螺钉均可用于治疗中青年移位型股骨颈骨折,但PCCP固定更牢固,术后可早期负重行走,较空心加压螺钉固定能有效降低术后并发症的发生率。     

股骨颈骨折空心加压螺钉内固定后股骨头坏死分析

目的探讨成人股骨颈骨折空心加压螺钉内固定术后股骨头坏死的相关因素,为临床治疗决策提供参考。方法回顾分析2001年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间采用空心加压螺钉内固定手术患者,对年龄、性别、骨折类型(Garden分型)、手术复位质量(Garden指数)、受伤至手术时间间隔,复位方式(切开或闭合复位)、术后开始部分负重时间,内固定是否取出8个因素进行统计分析,筛选出差异有统计学意义的因素,然后对各单因素运用logistic多因素回归分析。结果其中有完整随访资料的185例,随访3~10年,平均5.5年,其中28例发生股骨头缺血坏死,坏死率15.14%,影响股骨头坏死的独立因素分别为:骨折类型,骨折复位质量,受伤至手术时间,术后开始部分负重的时间。结论空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折主要并发症是股骨头缺血性坏死,骨折类型、骨折复位质量、受伤至手术时间、术后开始部分负重的时间是发生股骨头坏死的主要危险因素。其中复位质量、受伤至手术时间、术后开始部分负重的时间是可控的因素,尽早手术复位骨折内固定,提高骨折复位质量,内固定3个月后开始部分负重均能降低股骨头缺血性坏死的发生。现有资料显示,空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的总体疗效满意,股骨头坏死率低,手术简单易行,技术要求低,创伤小,对于全身状况良好、预期寿命较长,骨质质量尚好的无移位或轻度移位的老年股骨颈骨折病例,以及年龄较轻的股骨颈骨折患者,建议首选内固定治疗。     

闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的临床效果

目的观察闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的效果。方法对37例股骨颈骨折患者实施闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果术后随访10个月~3 a,骨折愈合时间2.5~8.6个月,骨折愈合率94.59%(35/37),2例出现股骨头坏死。按Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能:优良率为86.48%(31/37)。随访期内未发生髋内翻、钉断裂、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。结论闭合复位空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折,创伤小、固定牢靠、可早期功能锻炼、能提高骨折愈合率和髋关节功能恢复优良率。     

空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折诊疗分析

[目的]评价空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效.[方法]本组患者67例,年龄19 ～ 65岁,平均54.7岁.骨折无移位型20例,移位型47例.全部采用空心螺钉内固定手术治疗,随访观察18 ～ 36个月,平均25.8个月.[结果]骨折愈合时间为3～6个月,平均5.3个月.无移位型骨折愈合率为100％,股骨头坏死率为15％.移位型骨折愈合率为89.4％,股骨头坏死率为34.0％.Harris髋关节功能评分,优良率为79.1％.[结论]空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折是一种有效的方法.移位型股骨颈骨折股骨头坏死率是无移位型的2倍余,其临床诊疗仍需进一步探讨.     

青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折（Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ）的手术治疗

目的：评价空心加压螺钉联合臀中肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法2008年6月～2012年6月我院对27例移位型青壮年股骨颈骨折（Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ）患者采用改良Smith-Peterson入路（S-P）空心加压螺钉联合臀中肌骨瓣移植治疗。结果27例患者均获随访,随访时间18～60个月,平均36个月。骨性愈合时间4～8个月、平均6.5个月,骨折愈合25例,愈合率93.3％,股骨头坏死3例、其中2例骨折不愈合后期发展为股骨头缺血坏死、另1例为内固定取出术后出现股骨头坏死。股骨头坏死率为10.0％。结论采用改良S-P入路对股骨头周围血供破坏小,臀中肌骨瓣移植联合空心加压螺钉治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折,对提高青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折愈合率和降低股骨头缺血坏死率疗效肯定,值得临床使用。     

微型钢板固定股骨距辅助双头加压空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折

目的探讨采用微型钢板固定股骨距辅助双头加压空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2013-01—2016-08采用小切口解剖复位、微型钢板固定股骨距辅助双头加压空心钉内固定治疗12例移位股骨颈骨折。结果所有患者获得随访6个月~3年,平均12个月。12例骨折愈合良好,无股骨颈短缩、螺钉松动、髋内翻、股骨头坏死、塌陷等。术后6个月疗效按髋关节功能Harris评分评定:均为优。结论采用小切口解剖复位、微型钢板固定股骨距辅助双头加压空心钉内固定治疗移位股骨颈骨折,具有创伤小、固定牢靠、可早期负重、骨折易愈合等优点,临床疗效满意。     

三枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的临床评价

目的评价三枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法对56例股骨颈骨折(GardenⅡ型6例、Ⅲ型27例、Ⅳ型23例)采用三枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗。结果51例获得随访，平均随访31．6(18～62)个月，骨折愈合率达96．1％(49／51)，股骨头缺血坏死率27．5％(14／51)；髋关节功能Harris评分：骨折愈合者平均93分，缺血坏死者平均57分。结论三枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折具有良好的生物力学性能，使骨折获得较高的愈合率，但股骨头缺血坏死率仍较高。     

空心加压螺钉治疗股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的：探讨空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效及术后致股骨头缺血性坏死的相关影响因素。方法：对2003年1月至2009年6月应用空心加压螺钉治疗的96例股骨颈骨折进行回顾性分析,男44例,女52例;年龄21～88岁,平均56.3岁。将患者年龄、性别、骨折类型、骨折复位情况、外伤至手术复位时间与术后骨折不愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死之间的关系进行统计学分析。结果：84例获得随访,时间9～60个月,平均25.4个月。术后出现下肢深静脉血栓2例,骨折不愈合8例,股骨头缺血性坏死11例。术后Harris评分为（86.20±11.00）分,优40例,良32例,可7例,差5例。未移位骨折组和移位骨折组股骨头坏死发生率分别为3.22%和18.87%,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0.037）;解剖复位组和非解剖复位组的股骨头坏死发生率分别为5.00%和20.45%,两者差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）;而不同年龄、性别、手术时间对继发股骨头坏死无明显差异。结论：空心加压螺钉内固定术治疗无移位股骨颈骨折疗效良好,骨折类型及骨折复位情况是影响术后股骨头缺血性坏死的主要因素。对年轻移位的股骨颈骨折患者,应尽可能解剖复位、牢靠内固定,以减少术后股骨头缺血性坏死的发生;对于骨折移位严重的高龄患者,建议行人工关节置换术。     

Quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap transplantation in the treatment offemoral neck fracture for Chinese young and middle-aged patients: A systematicreview and meta-analysis

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap transplantation combined with hollow compression screw fixation versus AO hollow compression screw fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture for Chinese young and middle-aged patients. Methods: Case-controlled studies (CCTs) were used to compare the two operative methods in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Data were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, Pubmed Database, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Database. Wanfang Data published during the period of January 2005 to December 2014. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical Software Revman 5.0 was used for data-analysis. Results: Eight articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that there was statistical significance in the rate of fracture healing [OR = 5.43, 95% CI (2.89, 10.20), p < 0.05], the rate of good function of hip joint [OR = 5.12, 95% CI (3.21, 8.17), p < 0.05], the rate of femoral head necrosis [OR = 4.21, 95% CI (2.02, 8.76), p < 0.05], the time of fracture healing [WMD = 46.85, 95% CI ( 65.13, 28.56), p < 0.05] between the two groups. Conclusions: For the treatment of femoral neck fractures, the transplantation of quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone flap combined with hollow compression screw; fixation is superior to the AO hollow compression screw fixation in terms of the rate; of fracture healing, the rate of good function of hip joint, the rate of femoral head; necrosis and the time of fracture healing.     

三种手术方法治疗老年性股骨颈及股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果比较

目的：研究适合老年性股骨颈及股骨粗隆间骨折治疗和减少并发症发生的方法。方法：采用回顾性分析的方法,选取我院2019年12月—2021年12月收治的246例老年股骨颈及股骨粗隆间骨折患者,按照骨折类型将其分成接受股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗组（FNS组,24例）、股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗组（PFNA组,49例）及动力型加压髋螺钉组（DHS组,173例）,比较三组临床治疗后的并发症发生率、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、术中出血量、生活质量评分及术后活动能力评分比较。结果：股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗组所造成的创伤比较小,手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率均显著低于股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗组和动力型加压髋螺钉组（P<0.05）,而股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗组与动力型加压髋螺钉组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;股骨颈动力交叉钉系统治疗组的生活质量评分及活动能力评分高于其他两组（P<0.05）。结论：FNS适用于一型和二型股骨颈骨折的患者,DHS适用于大粗隆外侧皮质完整的患者,PFNA适用于骨折累及粗隆、大粗隆下骨质的患者。     

DHS结合空心螺钉植骨内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨DHS结合空心钉有限切开植骨内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效及意义。方法回顾性分析我院2007年7月~2010年9月收治的29例青壮年股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,均采用DHS结合空心钉行有限切开植骨内固定。结果本组29例患者均获随访,平均时间32.5(24~65)个月。无螺钉松动、退钉或断裂发生,1例发生延迟愈合,2例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,其余26例患者骨折均愈合,无肢体短缩、髋内翻畸形等其他并发症,骨折愈合时间平均4.5(3~17)个月。按Harris髋关节功能评分标准评定疗效,优22例(75.9%),良5例(17.2%),差2例(6.9%),优良率为93.1%。结论牵引床闭合复位DHS结合空心钉有限切开植骨内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,疗效肯定,解剖复位、坚强固定是获得满意疗效的关键,且可减少并发症的发生。     

手术治疗股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法手术治疗14例股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折患者,5例骨折无明显移位者行闭合复位折断式加压螺钉内固定;5例移位明显者术中将其切开复位后行股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺纹钉内固定;4例行骨水泥型人工关节置换,其中2例去除股骨距骨块。结果14例获9个月~3年随访。前两种术式中9例股骨距骨折块达骨性愈合,闭合复位组中1例变成死骨;股骨颈骨折均愈合;发生股骨头坏死1例。行骨水泥型人工关节置换的4例中2例保留的股骨距骨块愈合,1例出现假体松动。结论合并股骨距碎裂的股骨颈骨折年龄较轻者应选择骨折复位内固定,老年患者则可选择人工关节置换,尽量保留股骨距的骨块。     

The effectiveness of capsular decompression for internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures

PURPOSE: To compare the results of screw fixation plus capsular decompression versus screw fixation alone for managing intracapsular hip fractures. METHODS: Of 201 patients with intracapsular hip fractures, 99 underwent screw fixation with capsular decompression (capsular decompression group) and 102 underwent screw fixation alone (control group). The incidence and time to development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, union rate, time to union, and other clinical parameters were compared. RESULTS: In patients with displaced fractures, the incidence of avascular necrosis was significantly higher in the control than capsular decompression group, whereas the time to development of this complication was significantly shorter. CONCLUSION: Capsular decompression did not improve the union rate and time to union in undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures, but in displaced fractures it appeared to reduce the incidence and delay the onset of avascular necrosis.     

股骨颈系统和空心加压螺钉治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折短期随访

目的：探讨股骨颈动力交叉螺钉系统（femoral neck system,FNS）与3枚空心加压螺钉（cannulate compression screw,CCS）治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法：回顾分析2018年8月至2021年8月收治的52例青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折患者临床资料,根据内固定方式分为两组,25例行FNS固定,27例行闭合复位3枚CCS倒三角形分布内固定。记录并比较两组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院费用、骨折复位质量;术后定期随访患者,比较两组患者骨折愈合时间、术后完全负重时间、术后并发症发生（骨不连、股骨颈短缩、股骨头坏死等）。术后6个月采用Harris评分评估髋关节功能。结果：两组患者手术均顺利完成,FNS组患者出血量多于CCS组、切口长度大于CCS组、住院费用高于CCS组（P<0.01）。两组患者手术时间及术中复位Garden指数比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者均获得随访,时间6~32个月。FNS组骨折愈合时间少于CCS组,术后完全负重时间早于CCS组,髋关节Harris评分高于CCS组（P<0.01）。两组患者随访期间均未发生内固定断裂并发症,FNS组发生股骨头缺血性坏死4例、股骨颈短缩2例,其中3例因股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术;CCS组发生骨不连2例、股骨头缺血性坏死9例、股骨颈短缩11例,其中5例因骨不连、股骨头缺血性坏死行全髋关节置换术。结论：FNS具有操作简单、兼具旋转稳定和成角稳定,使患者能尽早开始功能锻炼,降低不稳定性股骨颈骨折术后并发症发生率,是治疗青壮年不稳定性股骨颈骨折的新选择。     

Displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults treated with closed reduction and internal fixation

This article describes the effect of closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 different screw configurations for acute completely displaced femoral neck fractures in young adults. From 2001 to 2006, 136 patients (age range, 20-50 years) who had acute unilaterally completely displaced femoral neck fractures were evaluated retrospectively. All fractures were managed with closed reduction and internal fixation with 3 cannulated screws. The follow-up period was 55 months on average (range, 36-90 months). One hundred twenty-two patients were available for final evaluation of union condition and late complication. Twenty-three patients (18.9%) had nonunion, 15 (12.3%) had fixation failure, and 21 (17.2%) had avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The average duration from injury to surgery was 18.4 hours in the union group and 23.3 hours in the nonunion group, with no statistical significance (P=.196). The average duration from injury to surgery was 17.3 hours in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head group and 22.3 hours in the non-avascular necrosis of the femoral head group, with no statistical significance (P=.155). Vertical- and separated-type screw configurations resulted in a significantly higher nonunion rate (P=.001 and P=.0017, respectively) than parallel configuration. The complication rate in treating completely displaced femoral neck fractures with internal fixation in young adults is high, and screw configuration may further affect results.     

Decompression and stable internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in children can affect the outcome.

Pediatric femoral neck fracture is rare and known to be associated with a high complication rate. The effect of early decompression and operative fixation is not frequently reported in the literature. This is a retrospective study of 14 patients younger than 16 years with traumatic fractures of the femoral neck and intertrochanteric region over a 10-year period with a follow-up of 2-11 years (mean, 4.6 years). Road traffic accidents and falls from a height were the main causative factors, and the fractures were subclassified into transcervical, 58%; intertrochanteric, 29%; transepiphyseal, 7%; and cervicotrochanteric, 7%. Of all the fractures, 10 (71%) were displaced. Decompression of the hip by aspiration and closed reduction and internal fixation was performed for all the displaced fractures within 24 h after admission. Three cases required open reduction. Complete fracture healing and functional recovery was achieved in 13 patients with only one delayed union. No patient had radiographic evidence of avascular necrosis. When compared with earlier studies, the current aggressive management protocol for displaced fracture significantly minimized the complications of avascular necrosis, non-union, delayed union, and premature physeal closure.     

Treatment of femoral neck fractures with a sliding compression screw and two Knowles pins

Twenty-one patients with an average age of 65 years had displaced femoral neck fractures treated by a sliding compression screw and two Knowles pins. All patients had either Garden III or Garden IV fractures. One patient healed with a malunion and five developed symptomatic avascular necrosis; all of these patients required reconstructive surgery. There were no nonunions. The sliding compression screw with two Knowles pins gave a 100% rate of union, which was superior to most fixation methods. The incidence of avascular necrosis was 24%, the expected range for displaced femoral neck fractures.     

Long-term outcome of patients with avascular necrosis,after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures

We retrospectively reviewed 84 patients who underwent internal fixation of an intracapsular femoral neck fracture. The mean age was 58 years and the time from injury to operative treatment was 5.3 days. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years (range, 2-8 years). At the latest follow-up, in the 46 patients with undisplaced (Garden I, II) fractures, nonunion occurred in two patients and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in nine. Six of these nine patients had a good or excellent result, one had a fair result, and two had a poor result. Of 35 patients with no sign of avascular necrosis, 32 patients had a good or excellent result, two a fair and one had a poor result. In the group of 38 patients with displaced (Garden III, IV) fractures, nonunion occurred in six patients and avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 15. Of these 15 patients, 10 had a good or excellent result, two had a fair result, and three had a poor result. Of 17 patients with no sign of avascular necrosis, 14 had an excellent result and three patients a poor result. Overall only five of the 24 patients who developed avascular necrosis of the femoral head had undergone total hip arthroplasty. Internal fixation remains a simple and safe, method of treatment for both undisplaced and displaced femoral neck fractures in middle-age patients. Despite the relatively high rate of avascular necrosis after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, only a few of these patients (20%) required further surgical treatment in the follow-up period of this study.