脆性股骨颈骨折的皮质骨变化

目的研究脆性股骨颈骨折的股骨颈皮质骨变化及临床意义。方法对59例病人行股骨近端CT扫描,骨折组28例,年龄:74.4±9.3岁;男9例,女19例;非骨折组31例,年龄:64.1±9.2岁;男11例,女20例。取对侧(正常侧)股骨小转子顶点上方20 mm(T20)平面CT横截面影像,计算T20长径和股骨颈寛径皮质比率,计算公式为:T20长径皮质比率=T20长径-T20髓腔长径/T20长径×100%;股骨颈宽径皮质比率=股骨颈宽径-股骨颈髓腔宽径/股骨颈宽径×100%。结果 T20长径皮质比率:骨折组:18.02%±4.62%;非骨折组:23.38%±5.19%(P=0.000);T20股骨颈宽径皮质比率:骨折组:26.78%±4.90%;非骨折组:33.08%±5.93%(P=0.000)。提示脆性股骨颈骨折病人股骨颈皮质明显变薄。结论股骨颈皮质变薄是导致脆性股骨颈骨折重要因素,T20长径皮质比率和T20股骨颈宽径皮质比率是观察股骨颈皮质骨变化的有效指标。     

年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响

目的观察年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响,及与股骨颈骨折的关系。方法对73例50岁以上因髋关节疾病住院病人行股骨近段CT扫描和DXA髋部骨密度测定,分为50～65岁组、66～80岁组和>80岁组,以股骨颈骨密度为标准判断骨质疏松程度,以皮质比率作为评估皮质厚度的标准。结果股骨颈骨密度:50～65岁组为0.710±0.139、66～80岁组为0.613±0.104和>80岁组为0.572±0.061。66～80岁组和>80岁组与50～65岁组有非常显著性差异,66～80岁组与>80岁组差异无统计学意义。T20长径皮质比率:50～65岁组与66～80岁组差异无统计学意义,而66～80岁组与>80岁组有非常显著性差异。股骨颈宽径皮质比率:50～65岁组与>80岁组有非常显著性差异。结论股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度随年龄增高而降低,提示股骨颈皮质厚度变薄是高龄髋部骨折风险高的原因之一。     

年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响

目的观察年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响,与股骨颈骨折的关系。方法对73例50岁以上因髋关节疾病住院病人行股骨近段CT扫描和DXA髋部骨密度测定,分为50~65岁组、66~80岁组和80岁组,以股骨颈骨密度为标准判断骨质疏松程度,以皮质比率作为评估皮质厚度的标准。结果股骨颈骨密度:50~65岁组为0.710±0.139、66~80岁组为0.613±0.104和80岁组为0.572±0.061。66~80岁组和80岁组与50~65岁组有非常显著性差异,66~80岁组与80岁组差异无统计学意义。T20长径皮质比率:50~65岁组与66~80岁组差异无统计学意义,而66~80岁组与80岁组有非常显著性差异。股骨颈宽径皮质比率:50~65岁组与80岁组有非常显著性差异。结论股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度随年龄增高而降低,提示股骨颈皮质厚度变薄是高龄髋部骨折风险高的原因之一。     

脆性股骨颈骨折的股骨近端几何结构分析

目的 研究脆性股骨颈骨折的股骨近端几何结构特点.方法 将57例患者分为两组.骨折组29例,平均年龄73.6±9.9岁,性别:男10例,女19例;非骨折组28例,平均年龄64.8±9.3岁,性别:男10例,女18例.对患者股骨近端CT扫描的定位像进行健侧股骨近端几何结构参数测量.结果 骨折组的股骨颈颈长较长、颈中段皮质厚度变薄、颈干角较大、颈中段皮质厚度比率下降、颈中段宽度与颈轴长比率下降、颈长与颈轴长比率升高、颈长与颈宽度比率升高,两组比较有统计学意义;颈轴长、颈中段宽度、颈中段髓腔宽度在两组比较中没有统计学意义.结论 在脆性股骨颈骨折中,股骨近端几何结构的参数在其绝对数值上有着重要性,而股骨近端各部分结构在比率上的合理配置对股骨近端的骨强度也起着重要的作用.     

女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化

目的观察女性骨质疏松性髋部骨折的骨密度和髋部结构强度变化。方法对95例骨质疏松性髋部骨折女性患者进 行双能X线骨密度检测和髋关节结构分析,年龄：76. 60 ±9. 36岁,体重指数：20. 88 ±3. 72 kg/m2 ;将63例年龄>50岁骨密度 正常的女性作为对照组。对照组女性年龄57. 24 ±5. 65岁,体重指数：26. 56 ±4. 82 kg/m2,比较二组股骨颈骨密度和结构强 度参数(包括骨横截面积、皮质厚度和屈曲应力比）。结果髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度、股骨颈和转子间的骨横截面积和 皮质厚度均非常显著低于对照组;屈曲应力比非常显著高于对照组,87. 4%髋部骨折患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均> 10;而84. 1%正常骨密度组患者的股骨颈和转子间屈曲应力比均< 10。结论髋部骨折患者的股骨颈骨密度及髋关节结构 强度均发生非常显著改变,骨强度降低,HSA提供的结构强度参数有助于预测髋部骨折风险。     

骨密度结合股骨颈颈干角对各型髋部骨质疏松性骨折风险的预测

目的：探讨股骨近端骨密度和股骨颈颈干角与髋部骨质疏松性骨折的相关性。方法收集在我院住院的髋部骨折患者100例和健康老年对照组100例,采用美国GE公司生产的LUNAR-Bravo双能X线骨密度仪及其配置的高级骨科专用分析测量软件,分析股骨近端骨密度和股骨颈颈干角与骨质疏松的相关性。结果髋部骨折组与对照组比较,髋部骨折组BMD较对照组有明显下降,股骨外侧皮质骨厚度明显减小,股骨颈干角（ NSA）较对照组钝。结论髋部骨密度结合股骨颈颈干角变化特点可以提高对各型髋部骨质疏松骨折危险性的预测。     

比较不同类型骨质疏松性髋部骨折的特点

目的 比较骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折和转子间骨折患者在髋部骨密度及几何结构上的不同特点。方法 将137例50岁以上髋部骨折的患者分为两组:股骨颈骨折组69例,男20例,女49例,年龄50 -97岁（75.1 ±9.6),体重指数（BMI) ：21.6±4. 1 kg/m2 ;股骨转子间骨折组48例,男16例,女32例,年龄50-91岁（78. 1 ± 9. 1),体重指数（BMI )：21. 5 ± 4. 3 kg/m2。对所有患者的健侧股骨近端行双能X线骨密度仪（Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DXA)测定,并利用该仪器的HSA软件分析髋部几何结构参数。结果两组患者在男女构成比例、年龄、身高、体重、体重指数的比较上没有统计学差异（P <0. 05);两组 患者的骨密度在股骨颈区（Neck)、大转子区(Troch)、Ward区、转子间区（Inter)、全髋(Total hip)的比较上没有统计学差异(P <0. 05)。两组患者在股骨颈区及转子间区的横截面积(CSA)、横截面转动惯量(CSMI)、屈曲应力比（BR)的比较上均没有统计学差异(P <0. 05);两组患者在股骨颈区域的皮质骨厚度的比较上没有统计学差异(P <0. 05);两组患者在转子间区域的皮质骨厚度的比较上有统计学差异(P =0. 013)。结论 在脆性髋部骨折的不同骨折类型的发生机制上,皮质骨变薄是引起不同髋部骨折类型的一个主要因素,尤其是对于高龄的髋部骨折患者。     

骨密度和25羟维生素D在骨质疏松性髋部骨折的作用

目的 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,比较髋部骨折与无髋部骨折患者的年龄、骨密度和25羟维生素 D,了解这些因素对髋部骨折的影响。方法 对137例骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的绝经后女性患者进行研究,无髋部骨折组 62例,髋部骨折组75例,检测股骨颈骨密度和血清25羟维生素D,比较二组年龄、股骨颈骨密度和25羟维生素D水平。结果 无髋部骨折组：年龄：（67. 92 ±8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 5064 ±0. 0706)g/cm2,T 值：-3. 10 ±0. 60,25OHD： (24. 90 ± 8. 98)ng/ml。髋部骨折组：年龄：（78. 49 ± 8. 52)岁,股骨颈骨密度：（0. 4506 ± 0. 0983 ) g/cm2,T 值：-3. 51 ± 1. 18, 25OHD： (l4.89±8.94)ng/ml。结论 在股骨颈骨密度达到骨质疏松阈值的情况下,髋部骨折患者具有更高年龄,更低骨密度和25羟 维生素D。     

脆性股骨颈骨折的股骨近端几何结构分析

目的研究脆性股骨颈骨折的股骨近端几何结构特点。方法将57例患者分为两组。骨折组29例,平均年龄73.6±9.9岁,性别:男10例,女19例;非骨折组28例,平均年龄64.8±9.3岁,性别:男10例,女18例。对患者股骨近端CT扫描的定位像进行健侧股骨近端几何结构参数测量。结果骨折组的股骨颈颈长较长、颈中段皮质厚度变薄、颈干角较大、颈中段皮质厚度比率下降、颈中段宽度与颈轴长比率下降、颈长与颈轴长比率升高、颈长与颈宽度比率升高,两组比较有统计学意义;颈轴长、颈中段宽度、颈中段髓腔宽度在两组比较中没有统计学意义。结论在脆性股骨颈骨折中,股骨近端几何结构的参数在其绝对数值上有着重要性,而股骨近端各部分结构在比率上的合理配置对股骨近端的骨强度也起着重要的作用。     

骨质疏松女性股骨颈骨折与股骨转子间骨折的髋部骨密度差异分析

目的明确骨质疏松女性股骨颈骨折与股骨转子间骨折的髋部骨密度差异,探讨骨质疏松患者发生髋部骨折(股骨颈骨折、股骨转子间骨折)与骨折部位骨密度的相关性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2016年12月31日期间于福建省某三级甲等医院的住院治疗的骨质疏松及髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者172例,其中无病史的原发骨质疏松患者109例、骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折患者39例、骨质疏松性转子间骨折24例。分别统计3组患者年龄、体质指数、糖尿病患病情况、骨折侧别、髋部各部位骨密度、血清Ⅰ型胶原交联C末端肽(C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,CTX)、Ⅰ型原胶原N-端前肽(procollagen type ⅠN propeptide,PINP)、25羟基维生素D(25-OH-D)。分别进行三组间及两两组间比较。结果三组间年龄、体质指数、糖尿病患病率差异无统计学意义(F=2.667,P=0.072; F=0.882,P=0.416;χ~2=3.216,P=0.232),股骨颈骨折组与股骨转子间骨折组组间骨折侧别差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.958,P=0.328),三组间髋部Ward区骨密度差异无统计学意义(F=2.937,P=0.056),髋部骨密度比较,股骨颈、股骨大转子、股骨转子间、髋部整体差异有统计学意义(F=7.825,P=0.001; F=8.668,P0.001; F=9.657,P0.001)。股骨颈骨折组、转子间骨折组股骨颈、股骨大转子、股骨转子间、髋部整体骨密度均小于骨质疏松组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);股骨颈骨折组与转子间骨折组股骨颈、大转子、转子间、髋部整体骨密度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。三组间β-CTX、P1NP、维生素D差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。股骨颈骨折组、转子间骨折组β-CTX、维生素D均小于骨质疏松组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);转子间骨折与骨质疏松组P1NP差异无统计学意义,股骨颈骨折组与转子间骨折组股骨颈、大转子、转子间、髋部整体骨密度差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论女性骨质疏松患者发生髋部骨折的类型可能并不取决局部的骨密度,可能与骨微结构等因素相关,要得到明确、可靠的结果仍需进一步研究证实。     

Hip axis length changes in 10,554 males and females and the association with femoral neck fracture

Hip axis length (HAL) has been proposed as an independent predictor of hip fracture risk in Caucasian females. There are, however, few data concerning its predictive risk in Chinese. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of HAL in healthy Chinese population and the relationship between HAL and femoral neck fracture. The study population included 10,554 healthy Chinese people (8665 females, 1889 males) aged 20-97 yrs living in Shanghai. Cases were 106 patients (82 females, 24 males) aged 52 yrs old and over with femoral neck fracture. Controls were 106 age-matched healthy persons. All subjects were measured bone mineral density (BMD) at any site of proximal femur and HAL using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. HAL had significantly positive correlations with height and weight. After the adjustment of height and weight, HAL increased with age at 50 yrs of age and over in females, and no difference was found among the age groups in males. Males had longer HAL than females in all age groups. The peak BMD appeared in 30-44 yrs for females and 20-24 yrs for males and decreased thereafter, especially for females at 50 yrs old and over. HAL was similar in both fracture and control groups, whereas the BMD values at proximal femur were significantly lower in fracture group than in controls. There was no evidence that subjects with femoral neck fracture had longer HAL. Because of the limitations of retrospective study and relatively small fracture sample, prospective studies are required to determine the conclusions.     

老年患者25( OH) D、PTH与骨折的相关分析

目的了解骨科老年患者25-羟基维生素D(25(OH)D)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平及与骨折的相关性。方法2011.8~2014.12我院骨科老年患者428名,72.47±6.19岁,其中骨折192名。测定血清25(OH)D和PTH,腰椎(L1-4)、全髋、股骨颈骨密度。比较骨折与非骨折组25(OH)D,PTH及骨密度的差异;分析25(OH)D、PTH各组骨折和骨密度的差异;分析25(OH)D和PTH、骨密度的相关性;用相对工作特征曲线(relative operating characteristic,ROC curve)分析25(OH)D对骨折的预测价值。结果骨折组与非骨折组相比,25(OH)D水平及全髋和股骨颈骨密度偏低。不同25(OH)D水平组骨折发生的差异具有统计学意义,维生素D严重缺乏组、缺乏组骨折发生率较高。维生素D严重缺乏组、缺乏组、不足组的骨密度偏低,PTH增高组骨密度也偏低。25(OH)D与PTH、腰椎(L1-4)、全髋、股骨颈BMD存在相关性。ROC曲线下面积为0.529,不能以25(OH)D的水平预测骨折。结论骨科老年患者存在严重的维生素D缺乏,维生素D缺乏者骨折发生率明显增高,对其应从补充维生素D、预防跌倒、提高骨质量等多方面进行综合干预。     

Nontraumatic lumbar vertebral compression fracture as a risk factor for femoral neck fractures in involutional osteoporotic patients

To screen a potential risk factor for femoral neck fracture, we characterized lumbar vertebral fractures in 120 patients with femoral neck fractures (19 men, 101 women; mean age, 78.7 years) by investigating the frequency of patients with lumbar vertebral fracture, the number of vertebral fractures per patient, and the severity of deformity of the fractured vertebral bodies. These findings were compared with data gathered from a population of age- and sex-matched control patients (20 men, 89 women; mean age, 77.6 years) who had no evidence of femoral neck fracture. The heights of the anterior and posterior walls together with the midpart of the lumbar vertebrae were measured on lateral radiographs to identify fractures. The extent of height loss in the fractured vertebrae was calculated for each group. The incidence of patients with vertebral compression fractures was significantly higher in the femoral neck fracture group than in the control group (65.0% vs 41.1%). In terms of age, the difference in the incidence of vertebral fractures in the two groups was greater in the less aged (60–79 years old) than in the more aged (>80 years old) population. The mean number of lumbar vertebral fractures was also significantly greater in the femoral neck fracture group than in the control group (1.59 ± 1.39 vs 0.75 ± 1.19; P < 0.001). The incidence of more deformed vertebral fractures, which were defined as a vertebral height loss of more than 50%, was also significantly higher in the group with femoral neck fracture than in the control group (23.0% vs 7.3%). Based on these results, we concluded that multiple and more severely deformed vertebral fractures might represent a high risk for femoral neck fracture, particularly in patients less than 79 years of age. Care measures that encompass fall prevention and protection of proximal femurs in addition to drug therapy for osteoporosis should be recommended to individuals in this category. Received: Nov. 11, 1998 / Accepted: Jan. 13, 1999     

Ipsilateral fractures of femoral neck and shaft

Thirteen cases of ipsilateral intracapsular femoral neck and shaft fractures were seen. All cases occurred in young adults, with the mechanism of injury in all instances being high-energy trauma. The diagnosis of the femoral neck fracture was missed initially in four cases. The patients were divided into four groups according to treatment protocol: group 1 (two cases), both fractures treated nonoperatively; group 2 (four cases), femoral neck fracture treated nonoperatively, open reduction and internal fixation of femoral shaft fracture; group 3 (three cases), McMurray's osteotomy for femoral neck fracture and internal fixation for the femoral shaft fracture; and group 4 (four cases), open reduction and internal fixation of both fractures. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10.1 years. There was a nonunion of one femoral neck fracture, while all shaft fractures united. The best results were seen in group 4 cases. It is also recommended that routine high-quality X-ray films of the hip should be done in all cases of femoral shaft fracture to decrease the high incidence of missed femoral neck fractures in ipsilateral injuries of the femur.     

DXA and pQCT predict pertrochanteric and not femoral neck fracture load in a human side‐impact fracture model

The validity of dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measurements as predictors of pertrochanteric and femoral neck fracture loads was compared in an experimental simulation of a fall on the greater trochanter. 65 proximal femora were harvested from patients at autopsy. All specimens were scanned with use of DXA for areal bone mineral density and pQCT for volumetric densities at selected sites of the proximal femur. A three‐point bending test simulating a side‐impact was performed to determine fracture load and resulted in 16 femoral neck and 49 pertrochanteric fractures. Regression analysis revealed that DXA BMD trochanter was the best variable at predicting fracture load of pertrochanteric fractures with an adjusted R² of 0.824 (p < 0.0001). There was no correlation between densitometric parameters and the fracture load of femoral neck fractures. A significant correlation further was found between body weight, height, femoral head diameter, and neck length on the one side and fracture load on the other side, irrespective of the fracture type. Clinically, the DXA BMD trochanter should be favored and integrated routinely as well as biometric and geometric parameters, particularly in elderly people with known osteoporosis at risk for falls. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:31–38, 2014.     

老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术围手术期下肢深静脉血栓形成的特点

目的探讨老年股骨颈骨折行人工全髋关节置换术及规范化预防性抗凝治疗下围手术期下肢深静脉血栓形成的特点。 方法回顾性分析2015年1月~2017年6月华中科技大学同济医学院附属普爱医院骨科行人工全髋关节置换的老年患者363例,年龄（66±5）岁,男性114例（31.4%）,女性249例（68.6%）。将患者分为股骨颈骨折组（n=187）和非股骨颈骨折组（n=176）。按照《中国骨科大手术静脉血栓栓塞症预防指南》进行规范化血栓预防,对围手术期出现下肢深静脉血栓的患者进行回顾性分析,对比两组患者围手术期深静脉血栓形成的特点。 结果骨折组患者中8例出现下肢深静脉血栓,其中2例并发肺栓塞;非骨折组中6例出现下肢深静脉血栓,其中1例并发肺栓塞,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.185,P>0.05）。骨折组下肢深静脉血栓5例发生于术前,3例发生于术后;非骨折组6例患者均发生于术后,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换患者术前和术后均易形成下肢深静脉血栓,对于这类特殊的群体,术前血栓防治也应引起足够的重视。     

强骨饮对老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后再发对侧粗隆间骨折疗效的1年随访研究

目的观察强骨饮防治老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后再发对侧粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法 2016年1月至2016年12月,选取本科室接受手术治疗的老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者并得到完整随访的120例作为研究对象,将其随机分为常规康复组、基础用药组和强骨饮组,每组各40例。其中常规康复组为常规骨折康复治疗,其余两组在常规骨折康复治疗的基础上,基础用药组给予钙尔奇D片和阿法骨化醇胶囊;而强骨饮组给予强骨饮颗粒。均术后随访1年,记录3组病例术后对侧再发骨折发生率及治疗前后对侧股骨大转子、股骨颈骨密度变化情况,并对所收集的数据进行比较。结果 105例获得随访,15例失访。术后1年再发对侧粗隆间骨折4例,其中常规康复组3例、基础用药组1例和强骨饮组0例,经统计再骨折发生率分别为8.57%,2.85%,0.0%,强骨饮组优于其他两组,差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);强骨饮组治疗1年后股骨大转子和股骨颈骨密度分别为0.672±0.052 g/m2、0.574±0.063 g/m2,明显高于常规康复组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。稍高于基础用药组,差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论强骨饮可有效提高老年股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者对侧股骨大转子及股骨颈的骨密度,增加骨强度,有效降低再发对侧粗隆间骨折风险。     

股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折的诊治分析

目的探讨对股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折的诊治方法。方法1998年3月至2003年10月我院共收治股骨干合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折9例。回顾性分析这9例患者的临床资料。9例患者术前CT诊断隐性股骨颈骨折3例,术中诊断5例,术后CT发现合并股骨颈骨折1例。其中5例采用股骨重建髓内针同时固定股骨干和股骨颈骨折;3例患者股骨干采用逆行髓内针固定而股骨颈采用空心钉固定;另1例在顺行完成股骨干固定后用2枚空心钉固定股骨颈。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均20个月。全部股骨干骨折均在术后6个月内愈合,股骨颈骨折在3个月内愈合。结论股骨干骨折合并同侧隐性股骨颈骨折早期漏诊率高,临床医生通过对患者的受伤机制分析,对高能量损伤患者应考虑隐性股骨颈骨折的可能,术前可用CT获得诊断,行股骨干骨折带锁髓内针时术中和术后密切注意股骨颈骨折是否存在,从而减少股骨颈骨折的漏诊率。采用髓内针固定可获得满意疗效。