冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

动态热象图在神经性循环张力障碍诊断中的作用

<正> 植物性神经功能障碍的客观评价和记录是非常迫切的问题,其检查方法需要进一步完善.热象图是评定植物性反应的方法之一,特别是皮肤血管反应.作者研究了心脏型神经性循环张力障碍者皮肤对红外线辐射的变化.检查60例健康人(第一组)和68例心脏型神经性循环张力障碍病人(第二组),男女年龄均在20～50岁.通常测定早晨空腹静卧时躯干前面的红外线辐射强度,找出心脏投影区与对应区温度不对称的表现.然后舌下含化2片硝酸甘油或盐酸异丙肾上腺素(isadrine),随即连续记录红外辐射的变化.确定服药后强度开始发生变     

电针对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹影响的观察(英文)

背景:在无任何外加刺激的自然条件下,人体体表可以观察到与古典十四经脉循行路线基本一致的循经红外辐射轨迹。目的:探讨电针刺激对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的影响。设计:自身对照的开放性实验。单位:福建省中医药研究院经络研究室。对象:实验于2000-01/2002-12在福建省经络研究重点实验室完成。选择福建中医学院针推系的学生53名,均自愿参加本观察。男38名,女15名,年龄19～23岁。方法:受试者完全裸露所要观察的部位,安静端坐20～30min,以适应环境温度。在自然状态下以日本三荣公司生产的6T67红外示踪仪先摄下所要观察部位的红外辐射轨迹一两幅作为针前对照(1s扫描1次),然后开始针刺,选择的穴位为:胆经-光明;心包经-内关;督脉-大椎。刺激电极为1对6.6cm的不锈钢毫针,刺激电流为波宽0.2ms的矩形脉冲频率2次/s。刺激过程中每5～10min摄像记录1次。停止针刺后再摄下一两幅针后的红外辐射轨迹。主要观察指标:红外热像图上的等温显示和全温显示的红外辐射轨迹。结果:53名受试者全部进入结果分析。①人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的变化一般出现在针刺后10min左右。②在基础温度较高的情况下,针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温降低,部分受试者的皮温则表现为先降低后升高。③在基础温度较低的情况下,针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温升高。④针刺对一部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温影响不大,但可使红外辐射轨迹变得更加连续、规整。⑤在一部分没有显示循经红外辐射轨迹的受试者,针刺也可激发出沿该经脉的循经红外辐射轨迹。结论:人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹是人群中普遍存在的一种正常生命现象。针刺既能诱发出所属经脉红外辐射轨迹,也可改变既有的循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温,使之变得更加连续、规整,而组织温度的变化又必然与能量代谢的变化相关,提示循经红外辐射轨迹与人体的功能调控有密切的关系。     

电针对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹影响的观察

背景：在无任何外加刺激的自然条件下，人体体表可以观察到与古典十四经脉循行路线基本一致的循经红外辐射轨迹。目的：探讨电针刺激对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的影响。设计：自身对照的开放性实验。单位：福建省中医药研究院经络研究室。对象：实验于2000—01／2002—12在福建省经络研究重点实验室完成。选择福建中医学院针推系的学生53名，均自愿参加本观察。男38名，女15名，年龄19-23岁。方法：受试者完全裸露所要观察的部位，安静端坐20-30min，以适应环境温度。在自然状态下以日本三荣公司生产的6T67红外示踪仪先摄下所要观察部位的红外辐射轨迹一两幅作为针前对照（1s扫描1次），然后开始针刺，选择的穴位为：胆经-光明；心包经-内关；督脉-大椎。刺激电极为1对6．6cm的不锈钢毫针，刺激电流为波宽O．2ms的矩形脉冲，频率2次／s。刺激过程中每5～10min摄像记录1次。停止针刺后再摄下一两幅针后的红外辐射轨迹。主要观察指标：红外热像图上的等温显示和全温显示的红外辐射轨迹。结果：53名受试者全部进入结果分析。①人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的变化一般出现在针刺后10min左右。②在基础温度较高的情况下，针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温降低，部分受试者的皮温则表现为先降低后升高。（固在基础温度较低的情况下，针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温升高。㈤针刺对一部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温影响不大，但可使红外辐射轨迹变得更加连续、规整。⑤在一部分没有显示循经红外辐射轨迹的受试者，针刺也可激发出沿该经脉的循经红外辐射轨迹。结论：人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹是人群中普遍存在的一种正常生命现象。针刺既能诱发出所属经脉红外辐射轨迹，也可改变既有的循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温，使之变得更加连续、规整，而组织温度的变化又必然与能量代谢的变化相关，提示循经红外辐射轨迹与人体的功能调控有密切的关系.     

电针对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹影响的观察

背景:在无任何外加刺激的自然条件下,人体体表可以观察到与古典十四经脉循行路线基本一致的循经红外辐射轨迹.目的:探讨电针刺激对人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的影响.设计:自身对照的开放性实验.单位:福建省中医药研究院经络研究室.对象:实验于2000-01/2002-12在福建省经络研究重点实验室完成.选择福建中医学院针推系的学生53名,均自愿参加本观察.男38名,女15名,年龄19～23岁.方法:受试者完全裸露所要观察的部位,安静端坐20～30 min,以适应环境温度.在自然状态下以日本三荣公司生产的6T67红外示踪仪先摄下所要观察部位的红外辐射轨迹一两幅作为针前对照(1 s扫描1次),然后开始针刺,选择的穴位为:胆经-光明;心包经-内关;督脉-大椎.刺激电极为1对6.6 cm的不锈钢毫针,刺激电流为波宽0.2 ms的矩形脉冲,频率2次/s.刺激过程中每5～10 min摄像记录1次.停止针刺后再摄下一两幅针后的红外辐射轨迹.主要观察指标:红外热像图上的等温显示和全温显示的红外辐射轨迹.结果:53名受试者全部进入结果分析.①人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹的变化一般出现在针刺后10 min左右.②在基础温度较高的情况下,针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温降低,部分受试者的皮温则表现为先降低后升高.③在基础温度较低的情况下,针刺可使得部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹上的皮温升高.④针刺对一部分受试者体表循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温影响不大,但可使红外辐射轨迹变得更加连续、规整.⑤在一部分没有显示循经红外辐射轨迹的受试者,针刺也可激发出沿该经脉的循经红外辐射轨迹.结论:人体体表循经红外辐射轨迹是人群中普遍存在的一种正常生命现象.针刺既能诱发出所属经脉红外辐射轨迹,也可改变既有的循经红外辐射轨迹的皮温,使之变得更加连续、规整,而组织温度的变化又必然与能量代谢的变化相关,提示循经红外辐射轨迹与人体的功能调控有密切的关系.     

数字人体信息获取的热红外探测技术研究

本文首先阐述了数字人体信息获取的热红外探测技术的研究意义;然后讨论了数字人体信息获取的热红外探测技术基础,主要内容有电磁辐射的度量、热红外辐射性质的基本概念、热红外辐射的基本定律和数字人体的热红外信息获取的探测技术;为数字人体研究提供了重要技术支持.     

内关穴红外辐射光谱对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者病理信息的分析

学术背景:红外光谱技术在疾病诊断和病理分析方面具有潜在的重要应用价值,并可为治疗提供准确的参考信息.目的:分析冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)患者内关穴红外辐射光谱中的特异性病理信息.设计:病例一对照观察.单位:上海中医药大学附属龙华医院.对象:检测于2003-04/2005-04进行,其中50例冠心病患者来自龙华医院心内科门诊,男21例,女29例;平均年龄58.1岁;非47例冠心病正常人由广告招募,男25例,女22例;平均年龄50.6岁.受试者均自愿参加检测.方法:采用中国科学院上海技术物理研究所制造的高灵敏度PHE201体表红外光谱仪,对50例冠心病患者内关穴作红外辐射光谱检测,并以47例健康成年人为对照进行比较分析.检测内关穴1.5～16 μ m波长范围内的红外辐射光谱,扫描间隔为0.2 μm,共检测73个波长. 主要观察指标:冠心病患者和正常人内关穴不同波长处的红外辐射强 度.结果:在检测的73个波长中,左内关穴23个、右内关穴32个波长 处的红外辐射强度,冠心病患者与正常人间存在显著差异(P<0.05-0.001).其中与能量代谢有关的2.0～2.5 μ m 波长处的红外辐射强度冠心病患者明显低于正常人(P<0.05～005).冠心病患者两侧内关穴红外辐射强度有显著差异的波长数明显多于正常人(P<0.001).结论:①冠心病患者内关穴红外辐射光谱中存在特异性病理信息.②冠心病患者内关穴区的能量代谢和气血功能活动低下.     

紫外线灯有效辐射强度的变化条件与相应检测方法的研究

为了解影响紫外线灯辐射强度的因素,采用紫外线辐射强度测定仪对不同距离、不同电压和不同角度紫外线灯的辐射强度进行了现场测定。结果,随电压增高辐射强度增加,电压每升高10 V,辐射强度升高10μW/cm2;随照射距离加大,辐射强度降低,二者呈指数负相关。测试点与紫外灯管纵轴夹角减小,辐射强度测定值下降,夹角由90°变为30,°辐射强度由92μW/cm2下降到16μW/cm2,且不与夹角的余玄值相关。结论,电压是影响紫外线灯辐射强度的主要因素,照射距离和辐射角度与紫外灯辐射强度有关,但可以通过合理安装加以调整。     

不同热牙胶旁路充填牙根表面的温度变化

背景：热牙胶充填可以实现完善的三维根管充填效果,但由于扁根管结构的特殊性,特别是在旁路预备过程中,部分牙体组织被过度切削造成局部区域牙体组织薄弱与不规则,同时分离器械为导热良好的金属,那么热牙胶在操作过程中产生的热量是否会烧伤牙周组织？目的：利用红外成像仪分析两种热牙胶充填方法在扁根管内器械分离行旁路充填牙根表面的温度变化。方法：选取40颗扁根管离体人下颌第一前磨牙,将新的15#不锈钢K锉分离在距根尖3 mm处,分离长度3 mm。在根管手术显微镜下采用TF镍钛锉进行根管旁路预备,随机分为2组,每组20颗,分别运用Thermafil热牙胶充填方法与E＆Q plus热牙胶垂直加压充填方法进行根管旁路充填。采用红外成像仪测定根管充填前后离体牙牙根表面的温度变化。结果与结论：两种热牙胶充填方法在扁根管内器械分离行旁路充填,均引起牙根表面温度升高,但均小于10℃：Thermafil热牙胶充填组温度变化范围为3.2-8.1℃,平均4.97℃;E＆Q plus热牙胶垂直加压充填组变化范围为5.5-9.8℃,平均为7.35℃,两组温度变化值比较差异有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。表明Thermafil热牙胶充填方法在扁根管内器械分离行旁路充填时会导致牙根表面温度升高,但不会烧伤牙周组织,其充填安全性优于E＆amp;Q plus热牙胶垂直加压充填法。     

数字人体信息获取的热红外技术研究

本文主要阐述了数字人体信息获取的热红外技术基础和数字人体信息获取的热红外技术应用.在热红外技术基础中介绍了热红外、黑体、比辐射和辐射照度及热惯量;在热红外技术应用中概述了方法和优点等.为数字人体信息获取的热红外技术研究提供了理论依据.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.