腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术。术中首先经中间入路打开乙状结肠系膜内侧浆膜,循Toldt’s间隙向头侧游离至肠系膜下动脉根部,夹闭离断肠系膜下动脉,并清扫253组淋巴结;继续向外侧、尾侧游离左侧Toldt’s间隙,并向下延续至直肠后间隙,分离过程中注意保护左侧输尿管、左侧生殖血管。沿左结肠旁沟打开结肠系膜与侧腹壁的融合筋膜,向上游离左侧结肠至脾曲。向下继续沿直肠后间隙分离,并向两侧拓展;前方在腹膜返折略上水平打开腹膜,在邓氏筋膜前间隙向下游离,从前、后及两侧交替游离并完整切除直肠系膜;双吻合器法切除直肠肿瘤及重建肠道。     

腹腔镜下低位直肠癌前切除术

本手术为腹腔镜下低位直肠癌前切除术式,同时使用吲哚菁绿染色免疫荧光技术。手术视频总长30 min,视频全程无剪辑无加速,基本能反映出手术全程步骤的各个细节,全程手术层次入路标准,几乎无出血。腔镜下操作及缝合动作流畅,手术流程亮点包括保留左结肠动脉、吲哚菁绿染色荧光以及减张关闭盆底腹膜。     

Systematic review of robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer

Background

Potential advantages of robotic surgery, such as 3-dimensional high-definition vision, wrist-like movements of instruments, stable camera holding, motion filter for tremor-free surgery, and improved ergonomics, may provide better clinical, oncological, and functional outcomes in rectal cancer surgery, as suggested in many comparative studies. However, there has not been a systematic review specific to LAR/TME for rectal cancer that includes both robotic versus laparoscopic and robotic versus open comparative studies.

Methods

The PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched in a two-step process, first for all robotic publications, and then within those results, for studies that compared perioperative, oncologic, or functional outcomes of robotic versus laparoscopic or open LAR/TME. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and independent database population studies were included in the analysis.

Results

Thirteen publications reporting on 24,526 patients met the inclusion criteria. Two studies compared robotic and open surgery, ten compared robotic and laparoscopic surgery, and one study compared all three. Robotic surgery resulted in increased operating times, reduced blood loss, fewer transfusions, shorter hospital stay, and comparable oncologic outcomes versus open surgery, and reduced conversion and impotency rates versus laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusions

Robotic surgery is comparable to open and laparoscopic surgery concerning oncologic outcomes and seems to provide some clinical and functional benefits, although evidence is limited.

     

腹腔镜直肠前切除术治疗低位直肠癌的体会

<正>腹腔镜技术的应用范围越来越广泛,腹腔镜结肠直肠癌根治术已在国内外广泛开展。然而对于低位直肠癌的保肛手术(前切除术),开腹完成已属较高难度。腹腔镜下能否完成此类手术、术后疗效如何,目前国内研究报道较少。本     

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术

腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术已在临床上受到广泛认可。术中手术层面的识别与游离、盆腔自主神经的保护对于手术成功与否以及患者术后生活质量尤为重要。腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中需注意：(1)直肠系膜与神经前筋膜之间游离;(2)紧贴直肠系膜游离间隙;(3)保证直肠系膜后方、两侧方和前方的完整;(4)TME手术直肠系膜终止线位于肛门直肠环,游离应到位,不能残留直肠系膜。实践证实,基于膜解剖的直肠癌全系膜切除有助于盆腔自主神经保护以及实现肿瘤的根治性切除。     

Pelvic recurrence rate after abdominoperineal resection and low anterior resection for rectal cancer before and after introduction of the stapling technique

Pelvic recurrence rates after abdominoperineal resection (APR) and low anterior resection with the EEA stapler (LAR) for rectal cancer were compared. Since a controlled trial is not possible, we have compared the pelvic recurrence rate over a 2-year period before and after introduction of the EEA stapler. Before introduction of the stapler, standard treatment for midrectal tumors was APR while LAR has been the standard treatment of these cancers after introduction of the EEA stapler. A total of 164 patients underwent surgery for rectal cancer in this 4-year period, 85 in the first 2-year period and 79 in the last 2-year period. No difference could be demonstrated in pelvic recurrence rate after APR and LAR in the 2 periods [22.7% (95% confidence limits: 10.1–39.1%) and 22.2% (11.5–37.8%), respectively]. The recurrence rate was highest among Dukes' C tumors, but was unrelated to the type of operation. It is concluded that the increased use of low anterior resection for rectal cancer after introduction of the EEA stapler has not been followed by a higher pelvic recurrence rate.     

Risk factors for permanent stoma after low anterior resection for rectal cancer

Purpose

This study evaluated the risk factors influencing permanent stoma after curative resection of rectal cancer and compared the long-term survival of patients according to the stoma state.

Methods

From January 2004 to December 2010, 895 consecutive rectal cancer patients with histological-confirmed adenocarcinoma who received low anterior resection with curative intent at the Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, were evaluated retrospectively. Patient demographics, times of stoma reversal, and number/reason of permanent stoma were evaluated.

Results

Three hundred fifteen patients (35.2 %) had a diverting stoma of temporary intent among 895 rectal adenocarcinoma patients. Loop ileostomy was performed in 271 patients (86.0 %). A total of 256 (81.3 %) of 315 stoma patients received stoma closure. The mean period between primary surgery and stoma closure was 5.6 months (range, 1–44 months). Seventy-three patients (23.2 %) were confirmed with permanent stoma. Multivariate analysis showed stage IV (hazard ratio (HR), 3.380; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.192–18.023; p?=?0.027), anastomosis-related complication (HR, 3.299; 95 % CI, 1.397–7.787; p?=?0.006), colostomy type (HR, 7.276, 95 % CI, 2.454–21.574; p?=?0.000), systemic metastasis (HR, 2.698; 95 % CI, 1.1.288–5.653; p?=?0.009), and local recurrence (HR, 4.231; 95 % CI, 1.724–10.383; p?=?0.002) were independent risk factors for permanent stoma.

Conclusions

On postoperative follow-up, in patients with anastomotic complication, tumor progression with local recurrences and systemic metastasis may cause permanent stoma.     

经前会阴平面超低位直肠前切除技术在腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中的应用

The introduction of stapling instruments and improved understanding of pathology has resulted in a greater proportion of low rectal cancer patients undergoing sphincter-preserving resection.A variety o...     

低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的临床特点分析

目的：回顾性分析低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏发生的影响因素、临床特点、治疗方法和相关愈后。方法：回顾性分析本院674例低位直肠癌前切除术病人，根据不同性别、肿瘤大小、位置、Dukes分期、手术时机和方法对术后吻合口漏的发生进行了分析，并总结主要临床症状和处理方法。结果：674例低位直肠癌前切除术中共发生吻合口漏39例（5．8％），95％可信限区间（CI）为4．02％-7．54％，其中肿瘤下缘距肛缘〈6cm者吻合口漏发生率为6．2％，≥6cm者吻合口漏发生率5．5％。肿瘤直径≥3cm者吻合口漏发生率5．9％，〈3cm者吻合口漏发生率5．5％。Dukes B、C和D期肿瘤术后吻合口漏的发生率分别为2.4％、7．9％和7_4％。择期和急症手术吻合口漏的发生率为5．3％和26．7％。吻合口漏发生于术后7d或7d内为71．1％，发生于术后7d后为28．9％。经引流管局部冲洗引流及全胃肠外营养（TPN）治愈率为63．2％，横结肠失功性造瘘治愈率为36．8％。结论：低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口漏的发生与肿瘤大小（P=0．962）和距肛门距离（P=0．798）无关，急症手术与择期手术吻合口漏发生率有显著差异（p=0．003），不同Dukes分期吻合口漏的发生率有显著差异（P=0．018）。间歇性或持续性发热、麻痹性肠梗阻、引流管中有粪质样液体是吻合口漏的主要表现，经引流管局部冲洗引流辅以TPN和横结肠失功性造漏是治疗吻合口漏的主要方法。     

Hand-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma

Laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma has never been widely accepted among general surgeons because of the technical difficulties encountered during pelvic dissection. We describe our technique of hand-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection (HAL-LAR) for rectal carcinoma using the Lapdisc abdominal wall sealing device (Hakko Medical, Tokyo, Japan, and Ethicon Endo- Surgery, New Brunswick, New Jersey) which results in pelvic dissection almost equivalent to the laparotomic operation. Thirteen patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (lower edge less than 15 cm from the anal verge) underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection, including 8 standard laparoscopic low anterior resections (SL-LAR) and 5 HAL-LAR. The mean operative time in the HAL-LAR group (211 +/- 48 min) was significantly shorter than in the SL-LAR group (311 +/- 78 min) (P = 0.0268). The mean intraoperative blood loss in the HAL-LAR group (37 +/- 45 g) was less than that in the SL-LAR group (198 +/- 177 g) (P = 0.075). The mean distal margin in the HAL-LAR group (23 +/- 4.5 mm) was longer than in the SL-LAR group (15 +/- 13.1 mm) (P = 0.2199). One patient in the SL-LAR group was found to have anastomotic recurrence in the staple suture line 10 months after surgery and died from cancer 24 months after surgery. One patient in the SL-LAR group was converted to open surgery because the distal margin was insufficient. In the HAL-LAR group, there were no intra- or postoperative complications, no conversion to open surgery, and no recurrence after surgery.     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

Background With advanced stereoscopic vision, lack of tremor, and the ability to rotate the instruments surgeons find that robotic systems are ideal laparoscopic tools. Because of its high operating cost, however, robotic surgery should be reserved to procedures in which the technology can be of maximum benefit, usually when precise dissections in confined spaces are required. Because conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision is a challenging procedure, we have sought to assess the utility of the DaVinci robotic system in laparoscopic low anterior resections for cancer of the rectum. Methods Between November 2004 and May 2005 robotic-assisted low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision was performed on six consecutive patients with rectal cancer. These cases were compared with six consecutive low anterior resections performed with conventional laparoscopic techniques by the same surgeon. Results There were no conversions in either group. Operative and pathological data, complications, and hospital stay were similar in the two groups. Robotic operations appeared to cause less strain for the surgeon. Conclusions Robotic-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer is feasible in experienced hands. This technique may facilitate minimally invasive radical rectal surgery. Presented, in part, at the 14th International Congress of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, September 14–17, 2005 San Diego, California.     

Sacral chordoma developing two years after low anterior resection for rectal cancer

A 43-year-old male with sacral chordoma associated with rectal cancer is herein reported. A presacral tumor with extensive destruction of S4 and S5 was found 2.5 years after a low anterior resection for advanced rectal mucinous carcinoma. Under the preoperative diagnosis of a solitary sacral metastasis of rectal cancer, the lower sacral segments together with the tumor were removed by amputation at S3. Histologically, the tumor was a chordoma composed of polyhedral cells with an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm mixed with typical vascuolated physaliferous cells within a myxoid matrix. Colorectal cancer associated with an extracolic primary malignant neoplasm is not uncommon; however, this is only the second case of colorectal cancer associated with chordoma to the best of our knowledge.     

预防性造口在低位直肠癌前切除术中应用价值的Meta分析

目的:评估预防性造口在低位直肠癌全系膜切除术中的价值.方法:检索PubMed和Embase数据库中有关低位直肠癌术中实施预防性造口的相关研究和文献,将预防性造口组与未造口组患者术后吻合口瘘的发生率和与吻合口瘘相关的再手术率进行比较.结果:5项最近的研究符合纳入标准,累计病例878例.Meta分析表明预防性造口能明显降低吻合口瘘及再手术的发生率,合并风险率分别为0.34(95％ Cl:0.22 ～ 0.53,P＜0.00001)和0.27 (95％Cl:0.16～0.48,P＜0.00001),差异有统计学意义.结论:预防性造口可有效的降低吻合口瘘的发生率和与吻合口瘘相关的再手术率,且不影响术后直肠肠管功能;但是否影响患者远期生存率和术后生活质量,目前尚无定论.