Protective effect of resveratrol against oxidative stress in cholestasis

BACKGROUND: We investigated the protective role of resveratrol in rat liver injuries induced by chronic biliary obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation for 28 days. Swiss albino rats were divided into the three following groups: group 1: sham (n = 7); group 2: bile duct ligation (n = 7); group 3: bile duct ligation plus resveratrol (n = 7). Bile duct ligation plus resveratrol group received 10 mg/kg dose of resveratrol intraperitoneally daily for 28 days. Liver damage and cholestasis were determined by the biochemical and the pathologic examination. RESULTS: The present data showed a decrease in both plasma bilirubin levels and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the resveratrol-treated rats, when compared with bile duct ligation group (P < 0.05). In the resveratrol-treated rats, tissue levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly lower than that of the bile duct ligation (P < 0.002). The levels of glutathione in resveratrol-treated rats were significantly higher than that in bile duct ligation group (P < 0.004). The levels of interleukin-1alpha, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in resveratrol group were significantly lower than that in bile duct ligation group (P < 0.004, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Administration of resveratrol in the rats with biliary obstruction resulted in inhibition of ductular proliferation and lymphocytic inflammation. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol in bile duct ligated rats maintained antioxidant defenses and reduces liver oxidative damage and ductular proliferation. This effect of resveratrol may be useful in the preservation of liver function in cholestasis.     

The protective effect of royal jelly against cisplatin-induced renal oxidative stress in rats

Background  

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of royal jelly on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats.     

Protective effect of administration of Withania somifera against bromobenzene induced nephrotoxicity and mitochondrial oxidative stress in rats

Background: The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective role of Withania somnifera against bromobenzene induced nephrotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats. Methods: In this study, Wistar albino rats of either sex were divided into six groups consisting of six animals each. The first one was control, those in group II received bromobenzene (10?mmol/kg, intragastric intubation) once, but group III and IV animals received W. somnifera (250 and 500?mg/kg, orally), respectively for 8 days followed by bromobenzene once on the 8th day and silymarin (100?mg/kg, orally) was given for 8 days to group V animals and then bromobenzene on the last day. Group VI animals received only W. somnifera (500?mg/kg) for 8 days. Results: The levels of renal lipid peroxidation, lysosomal enzymes and glycoprotein were increased significantly (p?<?0.05) in the bromobenzene alone treated rats and antioxidant status and mitochondrial enzymes were found to be decreased, when compared to the control group. The levels of kidney functional markers (urea, uric acid and creatinine) were also found to be abnormal in serum of bromobenzene alone treated rats. On the other hand, administration of W. somnifera (250 and 500?mg/kg) along with bromobenzene offered a significant dose-dependent protection to the biochemical alterations as observed in the bromobenzene alone treated rats, which was also evidenced by histopathology. Conclusion: Thus, the oral administration of W. somnifera significantly protected against the bromobenzene induced nephrotoxicity and renal mitochondrial dysfunction in rats.     

Protective effect of trapidil against oxidative organ damage in burn injury

Animal models of thermal injury indicate reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines as causative agents in tissue injury on various organs distant from the original wound. Trapidil has various properties, such as inhibition of platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation as well as reduction of the inflammatory response to injury. This study was designed to determine the possible protective effect of trapidil treatment against oxidative organ damage in lung, intestine and kidney induced by cutaneous thermal injury. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Sham group (n=6) was exposed to 21 degrees C water while burn-3 h group (n=6) and burn+trap-3h group (n=6), burn-24 h (n=6) and burn+trap-24 h groups were exposed to boiling water for 12s to produce a full thickness burn in 35-40% of total body surface area. In both burn+trap-3 h and burn-trap-24 h group, 8 mg/kg trapidil was given intravenously immediately after thermal injury. Three and 24 h later, tissue samples were taken for biochemical analysis from lung, intestine and kidney and blood samples were obtained to determinate serum TNF-alpha levels. Cutaneous thermal injury caused a significant increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrozine (3-NT) levels in all tissues and elevated serum TNF-alpha levels at post-burn 3 and 24 h. Trapidil treatment significantly reduced in biochemical parameters, as well as serum TNF-alpha levels. These data suggest that trapidil has a protective effect against oxidative organ damage in burn injury.     

Protective effect of thymoquinone against testicular torsion induced oxidative injury

We aimed to determine the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), against ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in the testis tissue of rats. Twenty‐seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: Group I, sham group; Group II, torsion group; and Group III, torsion + thymoquinone group. The ischaemia period was 2 h, and orchiectomy was performed after 30 min of detorsion. Testis tissue sections were analysed with the terminal transferase mediated dUTP‐nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay to determine in situ apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Caspase 3 and Bax proteins were analysed immunohistochemically. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity levels in the testis tissue were also measured. The superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the torsion group were significantly higher than those of the sham group (P < 0.05). Thymoquinone administration significantly reduced these levels. Torsion significantly increased active‐Caspase 3 and Bax expression, which was decreased by thymoquinone. The apoptotic index of the torsion group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, thymoquinone significantly reduced the apoptotic index (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that thymoquinone plays a protective role in oxidative stress induced ischaemia–reperfusion in the testis tissue of rats.     

Protective effect of resveratrol on renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the related mechanisms

Objective To investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) on renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the related mechanisms on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Methods Twelve male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into two groups: model group (SHR, n＝6）and RSV group (RSV, n＝6). Six male Wistar-Kyoto rats served as control group (WKY, n＝6). RSV (20 mg·kg-1·d-1) or vehicle were gavaged for 20 weeks. Microalbuminuria and urinary β2-microglobulin were determined by urine collection from 8:00 to 16:00 at 20th week. Scr, BUN and the renal pathological changes were measured after 20 weeks. Immunohistochemistry staining of fibronectin, collagenⅠ, IL-6 and ICAM-1 were used to analysis the changes of renal fibrosis and inflammation. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in kidneys. Results Compared with the control group, SHR significantly increased the level of microalbuminuria, urinary β2-microglobulin (P＜0.05), but they were diminished in RSV group (P＜0.05). The expressions of fibronectin, collagenⅠ, IL-6 and ICAM-1 by immunohistochemistry staining were augmented in SHR group, and were significantly inhibited in RSV group. Compared with the control group, the expressions of renal IL-6, ICAM-1 mRNA and protein were significantly increased in SHR group (P＜0.05), and RSV treatment significantly inhibited the up-regulation (P＜0.05). Conclusions RSV treatment can attenuate microalbuminuria, urinary β2-microglobulin and renal fibrosis in SHR rats. This renal protective effect is associated with the inhibition of IL-6, ICAM-1 expression, which suggesting that inflammation may be a potential therapeutic target of hypertensive renal damage.     

Protective effect of Propolfenol® on induced oxidative stress in human spermatozoa

The propolis extract was shown to possess the capacity to protect sperm membrane from the deleterious action of oxidative attack. Oxidative stress can induce propagation of a lipid peroxidation (LPO) chain reaction because spermatozoa contain high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed at evaluating in vitro the possible toxicity and/or the antioxidant properties of Propolfenol^® in ejaculated human spermatozoa. A colorimetric assay determined the total flavonoid content by spectrophotometry and a high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection analysis the quantity of galangin, pinocembrin and caffeic acid phenylethilic ester (CAPE). Sperm parameters such as motility, vitality and DNA integrity were assessed utilising optical microscopy. The antioxidant properties Propolfenol^® against LPO induced by tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide were evaluated using the C11‐BODIPY581/591 probe. Chemical analysis of Propolfenol^® revealed low quantities of galangin, pinocembrin and CAPE; cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that Propolfenol^® may exert an antioxidant activity. A protective action of Propolfenol^® (20 and 100 μg/ml) on induced LPO in human spermatozoa was detected. Propolfenol^® may be proposed as the supplement in media for sperm preparation techniques or cryopreservation to counteract the increased presence of reactive oxygen species generated by these methods.     

Protective effect of sitagliptin against renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of sitagliptin on renal damage induced by renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats. For this, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n?=?8): (1) sham group, in which the rats only underwent right nephrectomy; (2) right nephrectomy and left kidney ischemia (1?h) and reperfusion (24?h) group (I/R); (3) 5?mg/kg sitagliptin administrated group, per-oral once a day for two weeks; (4) 5?mg/kg sitagliptin administrated group, per-oral once a day for two weeks before left kidney I/R (n?=?8). Sitagliptin-treated rats that underwent renal I/R demonstrated significant decrease in the serum urea nitrogen and creatinine and also, lipid peroxidation, total oxidant status and malondialdehyde level in the renal tissue when compared to the renal I/R group. Additionally, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidative capacity were significantly increased after renal I/R in sitagliptin-treated rats. Our histopathological findings were in accordance with these biochemical results. In sum, in the current study all of our results indicated that sitagliptin treatment ameliorated renal damage induced by renal I/R in rats.     

The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress in rabbits

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is one of the hormones secreted from adrenal glands, and in some studies it has been shown that DHEA has antioxidant properties. This experimental study was designed to determine the effect of DHEA on I/R-induced oxidative stress in rabbit kidney. Twenty-one rabbits were divided into three groups. Rabbits were subjected to 60 min of left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. DHEA (50 mg/kg) (I/R + DHEA group) or equal volume of vehicle (I/R group) was administered 3 h prior to ischemia. The control group received only laparotomy without I/R, DHEA or vehicle. At the end of the reperfusion periods, rabbits were decapitated. Renal tissues were taken for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities as antioxidant enzymes. In the I/R group, while renal SOD and CAT activities were significantly lower, MDA levels were significantly higher than in the I/R + DHEA group and controls. In the I/R + DHEA group, enzyme activities and MDA levels were similar to the controls. There was no significant difference in terms of renal GPX activity among the groups. DHEA may have a beneficial effect on renal tissue against oxidative damage due to I/R by preventing decreases in some antioxidant enzyme activities.     

Protective effects of thymoquinone against apoptosis and oxidative stress by arsenic in rat kidney

We aimed to investigate the protective role of thymoquinone (TQ) by targeting its antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties against kidney damage induced by arsenic in rats. We have used the 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into three groups. Physiological serum in 10?mL/kg dose as intragastric was given to the control group. Sodium arsenite (10?mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for fifteen days) was given to the arsenic group. Sodium arsenite (10?mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for fifteen days) and TQ (10?mg/kg, intragastric by gavage for 15 days) was given to the arsenic?+?TQ group. After 15 days, the animals’ kidneys were taken theirs, then we have performed histological and apoptotic assessment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels have examined as the oxidative stress parameters. We have determined the levels of arsenic. Increased renal injury and apoptotic cells have been detected in the arsenic group. Degenerative changes in the arsenic?+?TQ group were diminished. Although the MDA levels were augmented in the arsenic group, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px enzyme activities were lessened than the other groups. Our findings suggest that TQ may impede the oxidative stress, the cells have been damaged and also the generation of apoptotic cells arisen from arsenic. TQ plays a protective role against arsenic-induced toxicity in kidney and may potentially be used as a remedial agent.     

Protective effects of high-density lipoprotein against oxidative stress are impaired in haemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases represent the major cause of mortality in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a major cardiovascular risk factor, implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation. It has been suggested that high-density lipoprotein (HD) has the capacity to reduce the oxidative modifications of LDL. The aim of this study is to analyse the protective effects of HDL in HD patients. METHODS: In vitro copper-induced LDL oxidation was evaluated in 12 patients with chronic renal failure (mean age 61.0+/-12.8 years) and compared to 25 healthy subjects (mean age 57.3+/-19.2 years). LDL were incubated in oxygen-saturated PBS, LDL oxidation was initiated by Cu (II) in the presence and absence of HDL and assessed by measuring the absorbance (abs) increase at 234 nm due to conjugated diene formation. Duration of lag time, maximum velocity (V(max.)) of lipid peroxidation, oxidation slope and half-time of maximum diene formation (T (1/2)) were obtained by kinetic modelling analysis. RESULTS: HDL (1.06+/-0.31 vs 1.23+/-0.39 mmol/l) and Apo AI (1. 17+/-0.39 vs 1.49+/-0.20 g/l) levels were decreased in HD patients. In the absence of HDL, LDL obtained from HD patients showed an enhanced susceptibility to oxidation in vitro as demonstrated by the significant decrease in lag time (54.5+/-22.2 vs 79.4+/-37.8 min) and a significant increase in V(max.) (0.026+/-0.006 vs 0.017+/-0. 005 abs/min). In all cases, HDL (from 0.1 to 2 microM) prevented LDL oxidation in vitro; however, this effect was significantly reduced in HD patients: increase in lag time 54.2% vs 150.4% in HD vs controls; increase in T (1/2) 52.2% vs 124.6% in HD vs controls; decrease in V(max). 13.5% vs 38.5% in HD vs controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that qualitative abnormalities such as an impairment of HDL-associated enzymes are associated with a decrease of HDL levels during HD. Hence, in addition to the known impairment of reverse cholesterol transport, the reduction of HDL protective capacity against oxidative stress could be involved in the development of HD-induced atherosclerosis.     

Protective effect of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rat kidney

Rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) accounts for about 10% to 40% of all cases of ARF. Reactive oxygen intermediates have been demonstrated to play an etiologic role in myoglobinuric renal failure. This study was designed to investigate the effect of resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin in glycerol-induced ARF in rats. Seven groups of rats were employed in this study, group I served as control; group II was given 50% glycerol (8 mL/kg, intramuscularly); groups III IV, and V were given glycerol plus resveratrol (2 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg p.o. route, respectively) 60 min prior to the glycerol injection; group VI received L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.) along with glycerol and resveratrol (5 mg/kg), group VII animals received L-NAME (10 mg/kg) 30 min prior to glycerol administration. Renal injury was assessed by measuring plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urea clearance. The oxidative stress was measured by renal malondialdehyde levels and reduced glutathione levels, and by enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Tissue and urine nitrite levels were measured as an index of total nitric oxide levels. Glycero treatment resulted in a marked decrease in tissue and urine nitric oxide levels, renal oxidative stress, and significantly deranged the renal functions along with deterioration of renal morphology. Pre treatment of animals with resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg) 60 min prior to glycerol injection markedly attenuated the fall in nitric oxide levels, renal dysfunction, morphologic alterations, reduced elevated thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzymes. This protection afforded by resveratrol was significantly reversed by cotreatment of L-NAME along with resveratrol, clearly indicating that resveratrol exerts its protective effect through nitric oxide release along with the antioxidative effect in glycerol-induced ARF.     

左旋精氨酸对糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)对糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体氧化应激损伤的保护作用.方法 大剂量STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病组、L-Arg治疗组,并设正常对照组.治疗8周后用电刺激各组大鼠勃起神经测定海绵体内压评价勃起功能采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法检测阴茎海绵体组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,硫代芭比妥酸法测丙二醛(MDA)含量;光镜下观察Masson染色切片.结果 糖尿病组较正常对照组,阴茎海绵体MDA含量显著增高(P<0.01),SOD活性显著下降(P<0.05),最大海绵体内压(ICP)显著降低(P<0.05);与糖尿病组比较,L-Arg可使海绵体MDA含量明显降低(P<0.05),显著提高其SOD活性及ICP(P<0.05).糖尿组大鼠阴茎组织中胶原纤维含量明显减少,排列紊乱、稀疏,平滑肌减少变薄,出现断裂;L-Arg组大鼠阴茎组织结构可见明显改善.结论 糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体存在氧化应激损伤,导致海绵体结构的改变是其勃起水平下降的重要因素,通过补充L-Arg,可以减轻勃起组织的氧化应激损伤,改善组织结构,从而提高勃起能力.     

Protective effect of Epo on oxidative renal injury in rats with cyclosporine nephrotoxicity

The aim of our study was to determine the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity. Twenty-six female Wistar rats were injected with 15 mg/kg subcutaneous CsA and intraperitoneal saline/rhEPO for 28 days. Four groups were formed: Group 1 (n = 5), a control group; Group 2 (n = 7), CsA + saline; Group 3 (n = 7), CsA + low dose (20 U/kg per day) rhEPO; Group 4 (n = 7), CsA + high dose (100 U/kg per day) rhEPO. Body weights, creatinine clearance, urinary protein/creatinine, hematocrit, serum creatinine levels, histopathological parameters, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation tests were compared between the three groups. Body weights and renal functions were similar in Groups 2, 3 and 4 rats but significantly lower than the values found for the control group at the end of the study. The hematocrit was significantly different between the four groups, showing a positive association with the strength of the injected rhEPO doses. Tubular and arteriolar damage was significantly lower in Groups 3 and 4 rats than in Group 2 rats, while chronic changes were similar between the three groups. TUNEL-positive cells and thiobabarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) levels were significantly higher in Group 2 rats, whereas superoxide dismutase levels were significantly lower in Group 2 rats than in those of the other three groups. Low or high dose rhEPO had no significant protective effects on body weight, renal functions, chronic fibrotic changes, but both doses reduced tubular and arteriolar changes, apoptotis and oxidative stress.     

虾青素在奥硝唑致少弱精子症大鼠氧化损伤中的保护作用研究

目的:探讨虾青素(AST)对奥硝唑(ORN)致少弱精子症大鼠精子质量的改善作用及其机制。方法:40只成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分成5组,每组8只。分别为A组(溶剂对照组):0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶剂+1 ml玉米油、B组(ORN低剂量造模组):ORN 400 mg/(kg·d)、C组(ORN高剂量造模组):ORN 800 mg/(kg·d)、D组(ORN低剂量造模+AST治疗组):ORN 400 mg/(kg·d)+AST 20 mg/(kg·d)、E组(ORN高剂量造模+AST治疗组):ORN 800 mg/(kg·d)+AST 20 mg/(kg·d),灌胃3周后水合氯醛腹腔麻醉大鼠;取1侧附睾尾部检测精子浓度和活力,另1侧附睾组织匀浆,检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与A组相比,B组附睾尾精子活力,附睾GSH-Px、SOD活性显著降低,MDA含量显著上升(P﹤0.05);C组附睾尾精子活力、浓度、睾丸系数,附睾组织GSH-Px、GR、CAT、SOD活性均显著降低,而MDA含量显著上升(P﹤0.05)。AST治疗组:与B组相比,D组附睾尾精子活力和附睾组织SOD活性显著增加[(45.3±8.7)%vs(66.3±8.9)%;(116.7±25.3)U/mg prot vs(146.1±23.8)U/mg prot,P﹤0.05],而MDA含量显著下降[(1.68±0.45)nmol/mg prot vs(1.19±0.42)nmol/mg prot,P﹤0.05];与C组相比,E组实验后体重增量、精子活力显著增加,而MDA含量显著下降[(89.0±9.5)%vs(99.9±4.1)%;(17.9±3.5)%vs(27.3±5.3)%;(2.03±0.30)nmol/mg prot vs(1.52±0.41)nmol/mg prot,P﹤0.05]。结论:AST可提高ORN致大鼠少弱精子症模型的精子质量,其机制可能是提高了大鼠附睾的抗氧化能力。     

夹竹桃麻素对高草酸尿症大鼠肾脏氧化应激损伤的保护作用

目的 观察NADPH氧化酶特异抑制剂夹竹桃麻素（apocynin）对高草酸尿症大鼠肾脏氧化应激（OS）损伤的保护作用。 方法 自由饮用含有0.8%乙二醇的水4周建立高草酸尿症SD大鼠模型。大鼠按随机数字表法分为4个组：空白组、高草酸尿症组、apocynin干预组、apocynin对照组。后两组给予apocynin（0.2 g&#8226;kg-1&#8226;d-1）灌胃,对照组给予正常饮水。4周后检测大鼠肾脏OS 指标（尿H2O2和8-异前列腺素）,以及Ccr及肾脏/体质量比值。免疫组化观察NADPH氧化酶亚基p47phox在肾脏中的表达位置。RT-PCR和免疫印迹法分别检测肾组织NADPH氧化酶亚基p47phox、gp91phox、Nox-1 mRNA以及p47phox蛋白的表达水平。 结果 p47phox在各组肾脏中均有广泛的表达,包括肾皮质区、内髓区、外髓区等。与空白组比较,高草酸尿症组大鼠尿H2O2和8-异前列腺素水平显著升高,Ccr降低,肾脏/体质量比值增高（均P < 0.05）;肾脏p47phox、gp91phox和Nox-1 的mRNA表达均显著增加（均P ＜ 0.05）, p47phox蛋白表达也增多（P ＜ 0.01）。apocynin干预治疗可抑制肾脏p47phox、Nox-1 mRNA及p47phox蛋白的表达,但gp91phox mRNA表达未明显减少,而大鼠尿H2O2和8-异前列腺素水平下降,Ccr增加,肾脏/体质量比值减少,但仍高于对照组水平。 结论 NADPH氧化酶是高草酸尿症诱导大鼠肾脏OS损伤过程中活性氧形成的来源之一。使用apocynin抑制NADPH氧化酶活性可部分减轻肾脏的OS损伤程度,保护肾功能。     

Protective effect of leflunomide against oxidative intestinal injury in a rodent model of sepsis

Background

Sepsis is defined as an uncontrolled inflammatory response in a host. The process may lead to severe sepsis, multisystem organ failure and even death. Leflunomide has important immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which may mitigate host response to bacterial translocation. The goal of our study was to measure the effects leflunomide administration had on a variety of biochemical markers upregulated in systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ failure syndrome.

Materials and methods

Wistar albino type rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, leflunomide, sepsis, and sepsis + leflunomide. Sepsis was achieved by means of the cecal ligation and puncture method. Leflunomide 2 × 10 mg/kg/d was administered before the experiment. At the end of 24 h, the tissue levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl were measured.

Results

The level of the bowel superoxide dismutase and catalase levels of the sepsis group is significantly lower than those of the control, sham, and leflunomide groups (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and protein carbonyl levels are significantly higher in sepsis compared with other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Leflunomide's prevention of protein and lipid peroxidation was observed in septic bowel tissue. Use of leflunomide could have protective effects against both the onset and the progressive stages of sepsis.