改良Weil截骨手术治疗第2—5跖趾关节脱位的疗效评估

背景：Weil截骨术常用于治疗第2-5跖趾关节半脱位或脱位引起的跖痛症,但也经常出现并发症。目的：探讨改良Weil截骨术治疗第2-5跖趾关节脱位畸形的疗效。方法：2009年至2011年采用改良Weil截骨术治疗第2-5跖趾关节脱位畸形32足,行45趾截骨。男10足,女22足。患足手术前后常规拍摄足正侧位x线片,测量跖骨长度,使用美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）跽趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统评估临床疗效。结果：Weil截骨术后跖趾关节畸形恢复正常关系43例,AOFAS评分术前（48．6±7．5）分,术后（85．9±6．5）分;跖骨截骨后短缩2～7mm,平均4．3mm。2例浮趾畸形,经保守治疗好转。2例复位后仍有半脱位。1例可折断钉过长疼痛。结论：改良Weil截骨能有效纠正第2-5跖趾关节脱位,临床疗效满意。     

The Weil osteotomy for treatment of dislocated lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: good outcome in 21 patients with 42 osteotomies

Hardly any surgical methods are available for metatarsalgia caused by a dislocated lesser metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) that do not sacrifice the joint. We reviewed retrospectively the outcome of 60 metatarsal Weil osteotomies for correction of dislocated lesser MTP joints in 31 patients. Between 1995 and 1996, 31 consecutive patients were treated with a Weil osteotomy at 2 institutions. The Weil osteotomy is an oblique osteotomy of the metatarsal neck and shaft, parallel to the ground surface, that controls shortening of the metatarsal by internal fixation with screws or pins. At an average final follow-up of 30 (24-44) months, all patients were interviewed, using a standardized questionnaire based on the AOFAS Lesser Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale. Recurrent or transfer metatarsalgia, formation of callus, mobility and dislocation of the MTP were noted on physical examination. Dorsoplantar and lateral weightbearing radiographs taken preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up were examined for alignment of the metatarsal heads, subluxation or dislocation and for evidence of nonunion, or malunion of the metatarsal osteotomy. We had excellent results in 21 patients (42 osteotomies). A major complication was plantar penetrating hardware in 10 cases (3 screws and 7 pins). We conclude that the Weil osteotomy is a good method for correcting metatarsalgia caused by dislocation of the MTP joint.     

The Weil osteotomy for treatment of dislocated lesser metatarsophalangeal joints: Good outcome in 21 patients with 42 osteotomies

Hardly any surgical methods are available for metatarsalgia caused by a dislocated lesser metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) that do not sacrifice the joint. We reviewed retrospectively the outcome of 60 metatarsal Weil osteotomies for correction of dislocated lesser MTP joints in 31 patients. Between 1995 and 1996, 31 consecutive patients were treated with a Weil osteotomy at 2 institutions. The Weil osteotomy is an oblique osteotomy of the metatarsal neck and shaft, parallel to the ground surface, that controls shortening of the metatarsal by internal fixation with screws or pins. At an average final follow-up of 30 (24-44) months, all patients were interviewed, using a standardized questionnaire based on the AOFAS Lesser Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale. Recurrent or transfer metatarsalgia, formation of callus, mobility and dislocation of the MTP were noted on physical examination. Dorsoplantar and lateral weightbearing radiographs taken preoperatively and at the time of final follow-up were examined for alignment of the metatarsal heads, subluxation or dislocation and for evidence of nonunion, or malunion of the metatarsal osteotomy. We had excellent results in 21 patients (42 osteotomies). A major complication was plantar penetrating hardware in 10 cases (3 screws and 7 pins). We conclude that the Weil osteotomy is a good method for correcting metatarsalgia caused by dislocation of the MTP joint.     

Percutaneous distal osteotomy of lesser metatarsals (DMMO) for treatment of metatarsalgia with metatarsophalangeal instability

Background

Clinical and radiological results of percutaneous distal metatarsal minimally invasive osteotomy (DMMO) of the lesser rays for surgical treatment of primary metatarsalgia due to plantar overpressure with metatarsophalangeal instability are described. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy, feasibility and safety of this minimally invasive surgical (MIS) technique, verifying the possibility to lower the complication rate related to surgical exposures, to reduce operating times with comparable functional and cosmetic results to those reported with traditional open procedures.

Sutter double-stem silicone implant arthroplasty of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints

A double-stem silicone prosthetic implant to replace the lesser metatarsophalangeal joint has been found to be successful in helping several difficult-to-treat conditions that affect the forefoot. The prosthetic device can be used to replace the proximal phalanx base or the metatarsal head. It is more successful in older (over age 50) patients.     

Minimal incision approach to osteotomies of the lesser metatarsals. For treatment of intractable keratosis, metatarsalgia, and tailor's bunion

With the proper instruments, the minimal incision approach to osteotomies of the lesser metatarsals has many advantages. Less trauma, less disability, no need for internal fixation, and generally, less discomfort for the patient are some of them.     

Surgical correction of transverse plane deformities at the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints

In this paper the authors discuss transverse plane deformities at the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints and propose a new surgical procedure for correcting these deformities. The results have been encouraging because the procedure does not interfere with function and there have been no recurrences.     

Weil osteotomy: Assessment of medium term results and predictive factors in recurrent metatarsalgia

Background

The angle of the Weil osteotomy is usually referenced relative to the floor irrespective of the plantar angulation of the metatarsal. This study aims to analyse the long term results following the Weil osteotomy and identify the cause of poor outcome.

Methods

This study presents a retrospective review of 61 patients (86 feet), with mean follow-up of 31 months. Each patient underwent clinical, pedobarographic and radiological examination. The radiographs obtained included ‘Metatarsal Skyline Views’ (MSV), to assess the plantar declination of the metatarsal heads following the osteotomy. The functional scoring was performed using AOFAS and Foot Function Index.

Results

Fifty-five patients (80 feet) showed good to excellent results clinically. Six patients had persistent metatarsalgia. All these 6 patients had callosities beneath metatarsal heads. Pedobarography showed peak pressures in the same distribution as callosities and the MSV showed increased plantar declination of the metatarsal heads. This correlation was found to be significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The Weil osteotomy is a safe and effective treatment for metatarsalgia. An MSV radiograph is helpful to identify the plantar prominence of metatarsal which can be associated with poor clinical outcomes.     

Weil截骨术治疗原发性跖痛症的短期临床效果评价

目的观察Weil截骨术治疗原发性跖痛症的短期临床效果。方法自2011-04—2013-05采用Weil截骨术治疗原发性跖痛症39例(48个跖骨头),切开、松解跖趾关节囊,避免损伤关节软骨,并将近节趾骨完全跖屈,彻底显露跖骨头,用摆锯自跖骨头关节面背侧下方2 mm沿足底负重平面向近端跖侧截骨,将远端跖骨块向近端平行推移,用直径1.5 mm克氏针由跖骨近端向跖骨头临时固定,用1枚直径1.7 mm皮质骨钉最终固定。比较术前及术后3个月跖骨绝对长度、跖趾关节活动度、VAS评分、AOFAS评分。结果本组均获得随访7~24个月,平均15.2个月。截骨后跖骨平均缩短3.88 mm。所有患者术后无切口感染及截骨延迟愈合,跖侧疼痛均明显改善。关节间隙维持,患足外观正常,无转移性跖骨下疼痛。所有患者术后跖骨绝对长度缩短、跖趾关节活动度减小,但VAS评分明显降低、AOFAS评分明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Weil截骨术治疗原发性跖痛症短期临床疗效显著,是一种可靠的术式。长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

Biomechanics of the metatarsophalangeal joints

Koehler-Freiberg's disease is found to most commonly manifest itself in the metatarsal head of the second ray. Occasionally it is observed to occur in the metatarsal head of the third and less commonly it is seen to appear in the other rays of the foot. An investigation into probable causes of the disorder calls for consideration of the biomechanical conditions in the region of the metatarsophalangeal joints. A review of the literature pertaining to this matter has failed to reveal any detailed information in this respect and therefore a series of experiments have been conducted involving determination of a) the ground force under the metatarsophalangeal joints and under the toes in normal barefoot walking b) the direction of the flexor tendons and such others that cross the joint and that might play an important role in exerting force between the toes and the ground, c) the geometry of the articulating surfaces and d) the forces that act between the metatarsal head and the corresponding phalangeal joint surface. It is shown that the specific loading of the MP-II joint (due to forces acting across the joint) could amount to nearly twice that to which MP-I is subjected to. This might explain the more frequent occurrence of osteonecrosis of the second metatarsal head as compared to that observed within the head of the first. Furthermore, the direction of the joint resultant force in the MP-II joint is seen to be more dorsally inclined than that in MP-I, which agrees well with clinical findings regarding the site of localized lesions. Lastly, a hypothesis which still requires closer investigation is presented to explain the development of the bone lesions that are known to occur just below the subchondral cortex.     

Weil截骨术与Jacopy截骨术治疗应力性跖痛症的临床疗效对比观察

背景：跖痛症是指发生于跖骨头下方的前足疼痛,可由解剖结构异常、病理性或医源性因素诱发。其病变主要是因为前足集中的局部应力负荷反复作用造成。治疗可分为保守治疗与手术治疗,对大部分跖痛症而言,采用保守治疗即可取得较好的疗效,若保守治疗无效,则可采取手术治疗,其目的是恢复前足正常的应力分布。目的：探讨跖骨远端weil截骨术与Jacoby截骨术治疗应力性跖痛症的临床疗效,从而为临床上更加合理有效的治疗跖痛症提供方法和依据。方法：2010年5月至2012年9月,我院收治应力性跖痛症患者65例,其中42例（63足）患者资料完整,得到随访,男8例（13足）,女34例（50足）;年龄39～78岁,平均56-3岁。单侧11例,双侧31例;病变于第2跖骨头下24例,第3跖骨头下ll例,第2、3跖骨头下同时累及7例。合并跖趾关节脱位12例,跽外翻畸形16例,跖间神经瘤5例。所有病例随机分为A、B两组,A组19例（32足）,B组23例（31足）。A组采用跖骨远端Weil截骨术、B组采用Jacoby截骨术治疗,经过平均18个月的随访,对手术前后局部疼痛症状、患者足底应力变化、足部功能改善情况进行比较分析。结果：两种手术前后疼痛缓解均有显著性差异,以Weil截骨组疼痛缓解更明显,但两组间疼痛缓解无明显统计学差异。两组患者手术前后患趾跖骨头下应力峰值明显下降。Weil截骨组,手术前后立位时和足跟抬高时的病变跖骨头下应力分别下降35％和51％;Jacoby截骨组分别下降25％,n45％。根据美国足踝外科协会Maryland跖趾关节百分评分法对两组患者进行评定：优,A组24足（占75％）,B组22足（占71％）;良,A组6足（占18．8％）,B组5足（占16．1％）;可,A组2足（占6．2％）,B组4足（占12．9％）。A组优良率为93．8％,B组为87．1％。结论：对于应力性跖痛症患者,跖骨远端Weil截骨术与Jacoby截骨术治疗均可取得满意确切的效果。但weil截骨术手术操作技巧要求更高,Jacoby截骨术对初学者更易掌握。临床需要根据患者的实际情况及个体需求灵活选择。     

Freiberg's disease and dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint: etiology and treatment

Surgical and conservative treatments, based on historic and current concepts, are presented for management of Freiberg's disease and dislocation of the second metatarsophalangeal joint. A preliminary review of the interpositional arthroplasty used at the University of Texas Health Science Center is presented.     

Complex dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint

Dislocation of the first metatarsophalangeal(MTP) joint is uncommon.1-5 Jahss1has classified these dislocations based on the dislocation of hallux with or without disruption of the sesamoid mass. In this study, we described a case of type Ⅰ complex dislocation of the MTP joint. It was irre-ducible by closed manipulation and required open re-duction achieved through a dorsal approach.