泡球蚴Em18重组蛋白的表达及其抗原性检测的研究

目的 构建泡球蚴18(Em18)基因的原核表达质粒，获得高效表达、有生物活性的Em18重组蛋白，为包虫病诊断试剂的研制奠定基础。方法 用DNAman软件设计引物，分别在引物5’端和3’端添加EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点，以pMD18-T／Em18原核表达质粒为模板，PCR扩增Em18基因片断，经酶切，克隆人原核表达载体pET-41a( )，构建原核表达质粒pET41a-Em18；转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)，酶切、PCR及测序鉴定其插入序列的正确性。经IPTG诱导表达rEm18-GST重组蛋白和GST重组蛋白，用谷光甘肽-Sepharose 4B亲合层析柱分别进行纯化，通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot试验分析鉴定。结果 测序表明构建的pET41a-Em18原核表达质粒均为正确连接，插入Em18基因片断为486bp。SDS-PAGE检测表明Em18基因以rEm18-GST重组蛋白的方式得到成功表达，在相对分子质量单位50ku处有表达条带；Westernblot分析显示，rEm18-GST重组蛋白能被泡型棘球蚴病人阳性血清识别，具有良好的抗原性。结论 成功构建了pET41a-Em18原核表达质粒，获得的rEm18-GST重组蛋白具有生物活性和抗原性，有望应用于泡型包虫病诊断试剂的研制。     

3种截短的泡球蚴Em18基因原核表达质粒的构建、表达及鉴定

目的构建3种截短的泡球蚴18(Em18)基因的原核表达质粒,获得高效表达、有生物活性的3种重组蛋白,并对其进行初步鉴定。方法DNAman软件设计引物,PCR法扩增并构建3种截短的pET41a-Em18.1、Em18.2和Em18.3原核表达质粒,测序鉴定插入序列正确性;IPTG诱导、表达和纯化rEm18.1-GST、rEm18.2-GST和rEm18.3-GST重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot进行初步鉴定。结果成功构建了3种截短的pET41a-Em18.1、Em18.2和Em18.3重组表达质粒;SDS-PAGE检测表明rEm18.1-GST、rEm18.2-GST、rEm18.3-GST重组蛋白得到成功表达,在分子质量单位为41、45.5和45.5ku处有表达条带;Western blot显示3种重组蛋白均能被AE病人血清识别。结论成功构建了截短的pET41a-Em18.1、pET41a-Em18.2和pET41a-Em18.3原核表达质粒,表达的3种重组蛋白均具有良好的抗原性,为Em18抗原表位分析奠定了基础。     

3种截短的泡球蚴Eml8基因原核表达质粒的构建、表达及鉴定

目的 构建3种截短的泡球蚴18（Eml8）基因的原核表达质粒，获得高效表达、有生物活性的3种重组蛋白，并对其进行初步鉴定。方法 DNAman软件设计引物，PCR法扩增并构建3种截短的pET41a-Eml8．1、Eml8．2和Eml8．3原核表达质粒，测序鉴定插入序列正确性；IPTG诱导、表达和纯化rEml8．1-GST、rEml8．2-GST和rEml8．3一GST重组蛋白，SDS-PAGE电泳及Westernblot进行初步鉴定。结果 成功构建了3种截短的pET41a—Eml8．1、Eml8．2和Eml8．3重组表达质粒；SDS-PAGE检测表明rEml8．1-GST、rEinl8．2-GST、rEml8．3-GST重组蛋白得到成功表达，在分子质量单位为41、45．5和45．5ku处有表达条带；Westernblot显示3种重组蛋白均能被AE病人血清识别。结论 成功构建了截短的pET41a-Eml8．1、pET41a-Eml8．2和pET41a—Eml8．3原核表达质粒，表达的3种重组蛋白均具有良好的抗原性，为Eml8抗原表位分析奠定了基础。     

两种克隆方法在3种截短的泡球蚴Em18原核表达载体构建中的比较

目的比较3种截短的泡球蚴Em18基因聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增产物经TA克隆和直接酶切2种方法,在原核表达质粒构建中的运用。方法PCR扩增带有EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切位点的3种截短的泡球蚴Em18基因,经2种方法构建3种截短的Em18原核表达质粒：①PCR扩增产物与T载体连接构建T-Em18,重组质粒经EcoRⅠ/XhoⅠ酶切,电泳分离、纯化目的片段,再与经过EcoRⅠ/XhoⅠ酶切的原核表达载体pET41a( )连接；②PCR扩增产物经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ酶切,电泳、纯化,直接与经过相同限制性内切酶酶切的pET41a( )连接。结果先经TA克隆,再经酶切构建3种截短的泡球蚴Em18原核表达载体获得成功。而采用直接酶切PCR扩增产物的构建方法未获得成功。结论TA克隆可用于对直接酶切效果不好的PCR扩增片段与表达载体的连接构建,方法简便高效,可提高带有限制性酶切位点的PCR扩增片段克隆人原核表达载体的效率。     

空肠弯曲菌外膜蛋白rOMP18的克隆表达及抗原性分析

目的构建空肠弯曲菌omp18基因的重组表达质粒、克隆表达rOMP18重组蛋白、对表达产物进行鉴定并评价其抗原性。方法PCR扩增空肠弯曲菌的omp18基因片段,将其连接到表达载体pET32a(+)中并转化至大肠杆菌(E.coliBL21(DE3)),诱导表达后SDS PAGE分析其表达产物并纯化目的蛋白。应用空肠弯曲菌感染免疫血清,利用Western blot方法分析其抗原性。结果与结论单、双酶鉴定结果显示已成功构建rOMP18的重组表达载体pET32a omp18,IPTG诱导表达产物的相对分子质量与理论相符34kD（HIS16kD）。Western blot检测结果表明重组蛋白rOMP18具有抗原性,为空肠弯曲菌感染的特异抗体的检测提供候选抗原。     

弓形虫RH株膜表面抗原2全长基因的高效表达与抗原性分析

目的　构建原核重组表达质粒pET23aSAG2,并在大肠埃希菌中实现高效表达,以及检测表达产物的抗原性。　方法　PCR扩增SAG2编码基因目的片段,琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收纯化,克隆至pMD18T载体,转化大肠埃希菌DH5α。测序后亚克隆至表达质粒载体pET23a,构建重组表达质粒pET2 3aSAG2,转化大肠埃希菌DH5α。筛选阳性克隆,经限制性酶切分析鉴定后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),以异丙基 βD硫代半乳糖苷诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS PAGE)与免疫印迹分析表达产物。　结果　PCR扩增出约500bp的SAG2编码基因目的片段,与预期片段大小相符,经测序鉴定无基因突变;所构建的pET23aSAG2重组表达质粒阳性克隆经PCR与双酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致;含有pET23aSAG2重组质粒的大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)诱导后得到了高效表达,SDS PAGE显示表达产物约Mr19000;免疫印迹结果表明表达产物具有良好的抗原性。　结论　成功构建了pET23aSAG2表达质粒,实现了全长成熟SAG2蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的高效表达;表达产物具有良好的抗原性。     

细粒棘球蚴(中国大陆株)线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶重组蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫特性分析

目的 对细粒棘球蚴（中国大陆株）线粒体苹果酸脱氢酶（EgmMDH）重组质粒进行原核表达、纯化，并初步鉴定重组蛋白的免疫学特性。方法 对已构建的基因工程菌株mMDH／pGEM—T／JM109进行酶切，获取目的基因。将目的基因重组到pET28a表达载体上，筛选阳性表达菌株并进行诱导表达，经SDS—PAGE鉴定重组mMDH蛋白质为包涵体后，超声破碎细胞，尿素溶解包涵体，镍柱亲和层析法纯化，获取重组蛋白。以纯化的mMDH作抗原免疫小鼠，用Westernblot和ELISA方法检测重组蛋白的免疫原性及免疫鼠血清抗体水平。结果 成功构建原核重组表达载体mMDH／pET28a／BL21，并纯化出浓度较高的重组蛋白。ELISA结果显示，重组抗原免疫小鼠诱导产生了一定水平的血清抗体；Westernblot显示，原头蚴、囊液等天然抗原能被重组抗原免疫的小鼠血清识别。结论纯化后的重组蛋白mMDH具有较强的免疫原性，有望作为包虫病候选疫苗，值得进一步深入研究。     

多房棘球绦虫重组质粒pGEX-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)表达效率的研究

目的研究多房棘球绦虫(Em)重组质粒pGEX-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达效率。方法通过PCR扩增EmⅡ/3和Em14-3-3抗原编码基因,然后采用基因拼接法(gene SOEing)剪接EmⅡ/3和Em14-3-3,得到EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3融合基因;将该融合基因定向克隆于含有谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)基因的高效原核表达载体pGEX-1λT,经酶切鉴定后以IPTG诱导表达EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3/GST融合蛋白;SDS-PAGE及Western blot对表达产物进行鉴定。结果PCR成功扩增出2 554 bp的EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3融合基因;双酶切证实EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3融合基因插入pGEX-1λT中,成功构建了pGEX-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3重组质粒;SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析显示重组质粒转化宿主菌在IPTG诱导下高效表达了能被活动性泡球蚴病鼠血清识别的EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3/GST融合蛋白,分子质量单位119 ku。结论多房棘球绦虫EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3融合基因在大肠埃希菌中获得了高效融合表达,表达出的EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3重组蛋白具有特异的抗原性。     

多房棘球蚴LDH基因的克隆表达及免疫原性研究

目的克隆表达青海省多房棘球蚴(Echinococcus multilocularis,Em)乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)基因,鉴定EmLDH重组蛋白的免疫原性,初步评价其免疫诊断价值。方法采用RT-PCR方法克隆EmLDH基因,将其连接入pET15b表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒pET15b-EmLDH,转化至E.coli Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞进行诱导表达。通过SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白的表达形式,Ni-IDA树脂亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。通过Western blotting法鉴定EmLDH重组蛋白的免疫原性,ELISA法检测泡型包虫病患者(57例)、囊型包虫病患者(33例)和正常人(50例)血清,初步评价EmLDH重组蛋白的免疫诊断效果。结果成功克隆了EmLDH基因并表达纯化出相应的重组蛋白。Western blotting结果显示,EmLDH重组蛋白可被泡型和囊型包虫病患者血清识别,而不被正常人血清识别。ELISA结果显示,EmLDH重组蛋白对泡型和囊型包虫病患者血清的诊断敏感性分别为84.21%和84.85%。结论 EmLDH重组蛋白具有较高的免疫原性,对包虫病具有较好的免疫诊断价值。     

细粒棘球绦虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶基因的表达及抗原性分析

目的在原核系统表达并初步鉴定细粒棘球绦虫硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(EgTPx)基因重组蛋白的抗原性。方法对已构建的重组质粒pMD-18T-EgTPx进行限制性酶切,获取目的基因片段后连接到表达质粒载体pET30a,构建重组表达质粒pET30a-EgTPx,转化大肠杆菌DH5α。筛选阳性克隆,经限制性酶切分析、PCR及测序鉴定后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),以异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析表达产物,对表达产物纯化后用Western-blot方法和ELISA鉴定重组EgTPx蛋白的抗原性。结果构建的重组表达质粒pET30a-EgTPx阳性克隆经PCR与双酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致,测序鉴定无基因突变,开放阅读框正确;含有pET30a-EgTPx重组表达质粒的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)诱导后得到了高效表达,SDS-PAGE显示表达产物分子量约为27 kDa,而且主要以包涵体形式存在;Western-blot和ELISA结果表明EgTPx重组抗原可以被棘球蚴感染羊阳性血清特异性识别。结论成功构建了pET30a-EgTPx表达质粒,EgTPx重组蛋白得到了高效表达,表达产物具有良好的抗原性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.