左肺上叶上支及右肺上叶病变的纤维支气管镜检查

目的 :探讨纤维支气管镜检查对左肺上叶上支及右肺上叶块状阴影的诊断价值。方法 :对 85例左肺上叶上支及右肺上叶块状阴影病变的患者行纤维支气管镜检查 ,行刷片、钳检送标本行细胞学、抗酸染色及病理学检查。结果 :85例患者中肺癌 5 9例 ,纤支镜检阳性 5 2例 ,占 88.1% ;肺结核 2 5例 ,纤支镜检阳性 17例 ,占 6 8%。结论 :左肺上叶上支及右肺上叶块状阴影病变以及肺癌及肺结核多见 ,行纤支镜检查有助于明确诊断     

23例不典型肺结核X线特征分析

目的：探讨不典型肺结核的X线表现特征,提高其诊断准确率,减少误诊率。材料与方法：回顾性分析23例不典型肺结核的X线表现特征。结果：23例不典型肺结核中右肺中下叶结核13例,慢性粟粒型肺结核2例,左肺继发型结核合并空洞1例,左肺下叶结核5例,两肺中下叶结核2例。结论：不典型肺结核X线表现不典型,临床表现复杂多样,普放工作者应提高对不典型肺结核的X线特征的认识,以减少误诊率,提高诊断准确率。     

Thoracoscopic segmentectomy for congenital pulmonary airway malformation arising in a lung with an accessory fissure: A case report

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a rare congenital lung lesion. This report documents the successful application of thoracoscopic segmentectomy in a 1-year-old boy prenatally diagnosed with congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Preoperative imaging studies revealed a microcystic lesion with a region of consolidation in the middle area of the right lung. Elective thoracoscopic resection was performed when the patient was aged 1 year and 4 months. Intraoperatively, the superior segment of the right lower lobe was partially separated from the normal lower lobe by a superior accessory fissure. A solid mass, fused with this segment, shared the visceral pleura. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy was successfully performed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Histological examination revealed congenital pulmonary airway malformation stocker type 2. Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is a viable surgical option that preserves the normal lung parenchyma in pediatric patients with congenital pulmonary airway malformation.     

糖尿病合并肺结核的影像表现(附112例分析)

目的分析糖尿病合并肺结核的X线及CT的影像表现,提高对本病影像学的认识。方法收集2004年2月至2006年2月收治的糖尿病合并肺结核患者112例,分析其病灶的形态特点,分布特点,初诊诊断肺结核的准确率。结果112例患者中,病灶位于双肺上叶尖、后段和/或下叶背段者69例,占61.6%,初诊正确率达78%;位于右肺中叶和/或左肺上叶舌段者30例,占26.8%,初诊正确率约36%,位于一侧和/或双肺上叶前段、双下肺叶基底段者13例,占11.6%,初诊正确率约31%。;表现为大片状病灶者48例,占42.8%,斑片状病灶、部分融合者74例,占57.2%,合并空洞者76例,占67.8%,常伴有支气管播散灶。结论糖尿病合并肺结核具有一定的影像学特征:以炎性渗出、干酪变质为主,空洞发生率高,糖尿病合并肺结核于结核非好发部位的发病率高,初诊正确率低。     

基于体素的COPD肺叶损伤及空间分布研究

目的 利用基于体素的定量CT，分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD) 患者的肺叶损伤程度及空间分布特点。方法 在“数字肺”多研究中心中连续性纳入双气相扫描的COPD患者，测定小气道病变（functional small-airway disease, fSAD）和肺气肿（emphysema, Emph）的定量值；使用方差分析或秩和检验分析COPD各个肺叶之间肺气肿及小气道病变的肺叶损伤程度及肺叶分布差异；并进行各个肺叶的定量CT分布与肺功能的相关性分析。结果 最终纳入COPD患者50例。肺气肿及小气道病变均为右肺中叶损伤最重，其次是两肺上叶，而两肺下叶的损伤程度最轻；肺气肿及小气道病变均主要分布于左肺上叶，其次是右肺上叶，而右肺中叶的分布最少；两肺下叶的Emph和fSAD与FEV1%的相关性较好。结论 COPD患者肺叶的损伤程度以右肺中叶及两肺上叶为重，尤其是右肺中叶；对于病变的分布，肺气肿和小气道病变主要分布于左肺上叶，其次是右肺上叶；而两肺下叶对COPD患者肺功能的影响更大。     

Transthoracic ultrasound approach of thoracic aorta in critically ill patients with lung consolidation

PURPOSE: Normally, the aortic arch and the descending aorta are not visible using transthoracic ultrasonography. We hypothesize that lung consolidation of upper and lower lobes, by opening an acoustic window, may allow the ultrasound examination of the thoracic aorta. METHODS: During a 2-month period, 18 consecutive patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit with consolidation of upper and/or lower lobes diagnosed by lung ultrasound were studied. The ascending and descending aorta and the aortic arch were systematically searched for by positioning the probe on the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions of the chest wall. RESULTS: Among the 16 patients with left lower lobe consolidation, the descending aorta was always visible by positioning the probe on lateral and posterior parts of the chest wall. In the 4 patients with consolidation of the left upper lobe, the aortic arch was visible when positioning the probe on anterior and upper parts of the left chest wall. In the patient with right upper lobe consolidation, both the ascending aorta and the aortic arch were visible when positioning the probe on anterior and upper parts of the right chest wall. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill patients, the presence of consolidated upper and left lower lobes may allow the ultrasound examination of the different parts of the thoracic aorta.     

Osteosarcoma arising from giant cell tumor of bone ten years after primary surgery: a case report and review of the literature

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor. It is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. GCT is a primary benign tumor but may evolve into a malignant tumor, usually after irradiation. We report a rare case of osteosarcoma arising ten years after the primary surgery for GCT without radiation. A 45-year-old woman presented with severe right knee pain after suffering contusion. Roentgenogram revealed a bone tumor in the lateral femoral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated the features of GCT, and treatment consisted of curettage and bone grafting. Four months after the operation, multiple lung metastases of GCT occurred, which were treated by partial lobectomy. Ten years after the primary treatment, severe knee pain recurred. Roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a destructive lesion in the lateral condyle of the right knee. Histopathological examination demonstrated a lacy pattern of osteoids and abnormal mitoses in the aggregated atypical mononuclear cells, indicating osteosarcoma. Despite above-knee amputation and chemotherapy, scapular and lung metastases developed and the patient died five months after above knee amputation. One may question whether the primary GCT contained some malignant cells. However, given the aggressiveness of the malignant tumor, this is unlikely. The recurrence of pain and aggravation of bone destruction many years after the primary treatment suggest malignant transformation of GCT.     

Right upper lobe consolidation: an unusual complication of an uneventful endotracheal intubation

A 28 year old fit and healthy Caucasian man had a Bankart's repair of the left shoulder under general anaesthetic for a recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. The operative procedure was uneventful. Following extubation he was tachycardic and saturation dropped in the recovery room. The chest radiograph revealed shadowing in the right lung and he was diagnosed to have right middle lobe collapse. Subsequently the radiograph was reported as right upper lobe consolidation by the radiologist. We wish to report this unusual complication and the difficulty in diagnosis of such a complication occurring following an uneventful anaesthetic.     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病与耐多药肺结核的胸部CT征象对照分析

目的 探讨非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)肺病与耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)CT影像学主要特征的异同,以提高两种疾病鉴别诊断的准确性.方法 选取2019年6月-2020年6月在我院治疗的NTM肺病患者41例作为NTM组,从同期收治的MDR-TB患者中选取38例作为MDR-TB组,比较2组一般资料、CT影像学主要特征以及病变部位...     

Primary endobronchial paraganglioma with lymph node metastasis: a case report

A paraganglioma is an extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglia often found in association with sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. A primary pulmonary paraganglioma generally presents as multiple small tumors or a solitary mass; however, endobronchial involvement is extremely rare. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of a chronic cough, intermittent dyspnea, and chest pain. Chest computed tomography revealed a rounded, high-density lesion in the left lower lung lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated an endobronchial mass characterized by smooth, hypervascularized mucosa. Transbronchial biopsy of the mass and immunohistochemistry results suggested a paraganglioma. The patient fully recovered after lobectomy and lymphadenectomy. Pulmonary paragangliomas are rarely reported. Complete surgical resection is considered the treatment of choice for pulmonary paragangliomas, and the long-term prognosis is generally good. However, life-long follow-up is mandatory because of the possibility of recurrence and metastasis. This case report adds valuable knowledge to the literature on pulmonary paragangliomas.     

Case report: benign liver tumor with central necrosis.

A 38 year old previously well woman had sudden onset of upper abdominal pain and fever. Ultrasound examination revealed a necrotizing lesion in the liver. Arteriography revealed findings consistent with an adenoma or focal nodular hyperplasia. A right lobectomy and wedge resection of a similar lesion in the left lobe were done. Microscopy of both lesions indicated focal nodular hyperplasia. Adenoma is said to be related to the contraceptive oral hormone; focal nodular hyperplasia not. But it is possible that both may have an increased incidence of bleeding in the users of the oral contraceptive hormones.     

细支气管腺瘤临床、CT及病理学表现

目的 分析细支气管腺瘤(BA)临床、CT及病理学表现。方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的15例BA患者临床、CT及病理学表现。结果 15例中,14例无明显症状,1例胸痛。15例CT均见单发BA,11个病灶为混杂磨玻璃结节(mGGN)、3个为实性结节(SN)、1个为纯磨玻璃结节(pGGN),均位于外周带,紧贴或邻近胸膜,左、右肺下叶各5个,右肺上、中叶各2个,左肺上叶1个,最大径6.15~24.04 mm、中位最大径9.10 mm,CT值-553~47 HU、中位CT值-297 HU;12个形态不规则、3个呈类圆形,10个边界清晰、5个边界模糊;14个见分叶征,11个见毛刺征,空泡征、支气管充气征及胸膜凹陷征各见于3个病灶,1个可见空洞。光镜下病灶内未见异型细胞,12个见特征性双层细胞结构,由腔面细胞层及基底细胞层构成。结论 BA临床、CT及病理学表现均具一定特征性。     

Lung cancer associated with an azygos lobe successfully treated with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Primary lung cancer associated with an azygos lobe is extremely rare. Herein, we report the case of a 64-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma arising in the right upper lobe with an azygos lobe. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer of this variant has yet to be reported. We demonstrate the intraoperative findings and the resected pulmonary lobe. This is the first case of primary lung cancer associated with the azygos lobe treated by lobectomy with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.     

MSCT诊断与鉴别诊断支气管腔内肺炎性肌母细胞瘤

目的 观察支气管腔内肺炎性肌母细胞瘤（EIMT）的MSCT表现及其诊断、鉴别诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析8例经手术病理穿刺活检证实的EIMT;以45例临床综合诊断或病理证实的支气管腔内常见实性结节样病变作为对照,包括支气管腔内结核10例、支气管腔内纤维瘤5例、支气管腔内平滑肌瘤4例、支气管腔内鳞癌15例、支气管腔内腺癌3例、支气管腔内类癌8例,观察病灶平扫及增强扫描特点。结果 8例IMT中,位于左肺3例（左肺上叶1例,左肺下叶2例）,位于右肺5例（右肺上叶1例,右肺中叶1例,右肺下叶3例）;病灶位于单或多段支气管及其分支腔内,呈圆形5例、类圆形2例及不规则形1例,平扫密度较均匀;增强后1例病灶呈中等程度强化,其余均呈明显强化及快进慢出型动态强化方式。EIMT最大净增强CT值明显高于支气管腔内结核、支气管腔内纤维瘤、支气管腔内平滑肌瘤、支气管腔内鳞癌、支气管腔内腺癌,明显低于支气管腔内类癌CT值 （P均<0.05）。结论 平扫MSCT中EIMT不具有特征性表现,MSCT动态增强扫描对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo as a first symptom of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases: a case report

There have been relatively few reports of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases of asymptomatic primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma presenting as unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo. We report a case of a 60-year-old male patient who complained of sudden hearing loss in the right ear and vertigo. Upon a physical examination, no definite neurological signs or nystagmus were observed. Pure-tone audiometry showed deafness in the right ear at all frequencies and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear. The video head impulse test suggested bilateral vestibulopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (with gadolinium contrast) revealed bilateral internal auditory canal enhancement and a variable-sized nodular and peripheral-enhancing lesion in the cerebrum and the right cerebellum. A computed tomographic and bronchoscopic biopsy identified asymptomatic primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe of the lungs. This is a rare report of bilateral internal auditory canal metastases in an asymptomatic patient with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma who initially presented with symptoms of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo.     

Osteoid Osteoma: Benign Osteoblastic Tumor of the Lumbar L4 Transverse Process Associated with Radicular Pain: A Case Report

Osteoid osteomas of the spine are benign bone tumors typically presenting with progressive pain without neurological deficit. This report presents a case of an osteoid osteoma in the lumbar spine associated with radicular pain. The patient, a young male athlete, presented with severe chronic nightly left low‐back pain radiated to the ipsilateral lower extremity who failed to respond to physical therapy and analgesic medications. Initial radiologic examination was reported as normal, but closer inspection of the T1‐ and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance image as well as technetium‐99m total body bone scan and a computed tomography scan revealed a bony lesion in the left transverse process of the L4 vertebra consistent with the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. A selective L3 nerve root block provided significant relief. Surgical excision of the osteoid osteoma resolved the symptoms. This case emphasizes the importance of early suspicion and diagnostic interventions in the detection and treatment of osteoid osteoma.     

左右肘静脉注射对比剂对胸部CT血管成像的影响

目的：探讨左右肘静脉注射对比剂对胸部CT血管成像（CTA）的影响。方法将60例胸部CTA检查患者随机分为2组,每组30例,分别进行左右肘静脉注射对比剂,其他参数相同。扫描完成后,测量并比较降主动脉、肺动脉主干、右下肺动脉、左上肺动脉、左下肺动脉、右下肺静脉、左上肺静脉、左下肺静脉的CT强化值,并对胸部血管成像质量进行评价。结果2组患者的降主动脉、肺动脉主干、右下肺动脉、左上肺动脉、左下肺动脉、右下肺静脉、左上肺静脉、左下肺静脉的CT强化值分别为：（342.42±52.63）Hu和（369.04±88.87）Hu、（389.72±126.36）Hu和（411.46±110.98）Hu、（366.63±124.84）Hu和（392.67±115.59）Hu、（389.19±128.99）Hu和（390.24±114.47）Hu、（388.64±127.37）Hu和（404.64±124.47）Hu、（361.84±73.87）Hu和（370.40±91.42）Hu、（384.19±78.50）Hu和（401.68±96.32）Hu、（377.10±81.07）Hu和（388.59±74.89）Hu,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论胸部CTA成像时,采用左右肘静脉注射对比剂,对血管的强化程度无明显影响。     

Percutaneous stenting of malignant superior vena cava syndrome in a patient with persistent left and absent right superior vena cava

Stent placement is the preferred means of managing malignant obstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC). Persistent left and absent right SVC is a very rare venous anomaly. We here report the case of a 58-year-old man who underwent percutaneous stenting for malignant persistent left and absent right SVC obstruction caused by advancement of adenocarcinoma of the upper lobe of the left lung. The patient became symptom-free one day after endovascular stenting through the right femoral vein. However, he experienced repeated supraventricular tachycardia during the procedure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stenting for malignant SVC obstruction with this congenital anomaly.     

Isolated bronchial capillary hemangioma: a rare benign cause of hemoptysis.

A 74-year-old male cigarette smoker presented with hemoptysis and a right upper lobe infiltrate. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a small (1 x 2 mm) benign-appearing lesion in the right upper lobe bronchus which, on biopsy, was a submucosal capillary hemangioma. This is an exceedingly rare tumor and, to our knowledge, hemoptysis from these lesions in the proximal bronchi has not been previously reported.     

支气管镜在青少年肺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨青少年肺癌患者的支气管镜下改变与其临床表现、病理分型等的关系。方法:回顾性分析32例经支气管镜检查取材确诊的<25岁肺癌患者的临床资料。结果:镜下以新生物及黏膜浸润改变等直接征象为主;病理分型以鳞状细胞癌最多,其次为小细胞癌,腺癌;病变部位以右中叶居多,其次为左主、左下支气管。结论:青少年肺癌临床上容易漏诊和误诊,支气管镜是其重要诊断手段。