颈椎病伴椎管狭窄患者再手术问题探讨

目的：探讨颈椎病伴椎管狭窄患者再手术的原因、手术方式及其相关问题。方法：我院2002年7月～2003年12月对40例颈椎病伴椎管狭窄术后疗效不佳或症状复发的患者进行了后路多节段（5个或以上）减压手术。根据其手术治疗方式及影像学资料分析再手术原因，并进行术后疗效评价。结果：经前路手术者再手术的主要原因为：（1）伴有多节段颈椎管狭窄因素时，只选择部分压迫重的节段行减压融合15例；（2）经前路多节段（≥3个节段）减压融合后，相邻节段继续退变，出现新的脊髓压迫表现及椎间不稳定9例；（3）伴有OPLL时，行部分节段前路减压融合后，病变呈进展表现，产生或加重对脊髓的压迫8例。经后路手术者再手术的原因为：（1）后路减压节段不够5例（包括1例前后路联合手术者）；（2）后路减压不充分3例。再手术后随访1．3～2．7年，平均2．1年，所有患者脊髓功能获得一定的提高，JOA评分改善率为51．3％。结论：颈椎病伴椎管狭窄病例再手术的主要原因为椎管狭窄因素仍然存在，经后路多节段（5个或以上）减压手术治疗可彻底去除颈椎管狭窄因素，有效解除脊髓前、后方所受的压迫，可获得较满意的临床疗效。     

前后路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄

[目的]探讨前后路联合手术治疗前后压迫的脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄的临床疗效.[方法]对近7年收治的临床资料完整的74例病例进行回顾性分析.[结果]本组随访8～52个月,平均21个月,无手术并发症发生.按照JOA评分系统评价治疗效果,术前评分平均9.6分,术后3、12个月评分平均13.5分、14.3分,手术前后JOA评分比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),术后3、12个月JOA平均改善率56.8%、63.5%.[结论]前后路联合手术为治疗前后压迫的脊髓型颈椎病伴椎管狭窄提供了一种安全、有效的方法.可以充分解除颈髓压迫并重建颈椎稳定性,提高临床改善率,减少并发症发生.     

颈后路两种手术方式治疗脊髓型颈椎病远期疗效比较

目的通过回顾性研究,对比颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术和双开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的远期疗效。方法我院自1995-1999年采用颈椎后路椎板成形术治疗并成功随访的142例脊髓型颈椎病患者,按手术方式不同分为单开门组（1组）和双开门组（2组）。分析复查颈椎CT测量椎管矢状径,并按照JOA评分系统计算恢复率。结果术后随访8～11年,平均9．5年,患者术后椎管矢状径双开门组大于单开门组,差异有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后永久性并发症发病率单开门组显著高于双开门组（P〈0．01）,而暂时性并发症发病率和术后神经功能恢复优良率,两组差异无意义（P〉0．05）。结论颈椎后路单开门和双开门椎管扩大成形术均取得令人满意的优良率。双开门手术在扩大椎管方面优于单开门手术,且术后永久性并发症发病率略低于后者。     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病伴后凸畸形不同入路方式的选择及疗效

目的 :探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病伴后凸畸形的术式选择及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2013年6月~2015年6月手术治疗的59例伴有后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床及影像学资料,其中55例获得随访。依据颈椎后凸Cobb角大小并结合影像学特点,分为轻度后凸(Cobb角5°但20°)、中度后凸(Cobb角20°~40°)和重度后凸(Cobb角40°)3组。依据致压因素和颈椎后凸角度采用前路或者后路手术治疗,其中轻度组29例,前路手术11例,后路手术18例;中度组18例,前路手术14例,后路手术4例;重度组8例,均行前路减压重建手术。比较各组内前路和后路手术时间、术中出血量、后凸矫正率及神经功能改善率的差异,比较组间前路手术后凸矫正率及神经功能改善率,比较轻度后凸组与中度后凸组间后路手术神经功能改善率。结果:轻度组和中度组中前、后路手术时间无统计学差异(P0.05),术中出血量后路手术大于前路手术(P0.05)。重度组1例术后6h发生颈部血肿,中度组1例术后12h发生硬膜外血肿;喉返神经牵拉伤4例,其中轻度组1例,中度组1例,重度组2例;11例出现术后四肢麻木、无力症状加重,轻度组2例,中度组5例,重度组4例;9例术后1周左右出现颈肩部疼痛症状加重,轻度组4例,中度组3例,重度组2例。3组间随访时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。轻度组中,末次随访时前路手术后凸畸形矫正率高于后路手术(P0.05),JOA评分改善率前路手术与后路手术无统计学差异(P0.05)。中度组中,末次随访时后凸畸形矫正率前路手术高于后路手术(P0.05),JOA评分改善率前、后路手术无统计学差异(P0.05)。末次随访时,轻度组的前路手术后凸畸形矫正率为223.1%,明显高于中度组(135.1%)与重度组(120.4%)(P0.05)。末次随访时,3组间前路手术JOA评分改善率无统计学差异(P0.05),轻度组与中度组后路手术JOA评分改善率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:伴有轻、中度后凸畸形的多节段脊髓型颈椎病,手术入路依据脊髓受压情况而定,后凸畸形不影响神经功能的改善;而重度后凸畸形,则应当兼顾减压和矫形,前路手术可同时达到减压和矫形的目的,获得较为满意的神经功能改善。     

颈后路单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的:观察颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果和可行性。方法:采用颈后路椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病30例,男19例,女11例,常规C3-C7减压,棘突打孔10号线固定在门轴侧侧块关节囊上12例,门轴侧C3、C5、C7侧块螺钉固定悬吊椎板18例,术前和术后通过日本骨科学会JOA评分(17分法)评估临床疗效。结果:30例均获得随访,随访时间6～76个月,平均25个月。按照JOA评分:优8例,良14例,可6例,差2例,优良率73.33%(22/30)。其中3例术后3个月内发生C4或C5神经根麻痹,经保守治疗痊愈。2例在2年内因疗效不佳再行前路手术。结论:颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗颈椎管狭窄合并钳夹型脊髓型颈椎病是一种简单、有效可行的方法,尤其适应于老年人。     

双开门椎管成形术治疗复发性脊髓型颈椎病1例

脊髓型颈椎病具有进行性发展的特点。20世纪80年代初期，日本学者首先采用颈椎棘突纵切双开门扩大植骨成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病及颈椎后纵韧带钙化引起的相关病症。目前，该方法的临床疗效已得到了广大学者的认可。与其他颈椎后路减压术式相比，此方法具有减压彻底、稳定性良好、“再关门”发生率低、术后粘连少、神经功能改善率高等优点。     

手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病106例探讨

我院自 1995年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 10月采用手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病 10 6例。经临床观察 ,效果良好。现总结报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组男 76例 ,女 30例 ,年龄 34～ 74岁 ,平均 48岁。发病与外伤无关者 95例 ,平均病程 1年 (8月～ 10年 ) ;外伤诱发者 11例 ,伤后入院时间平均 16 h(2 h～ 2 4d)。1.2　临床表现　双下肢麻木、乏力 ,行走困难 41例 ;四肢麻木、无力 ,行走困难6 4例 ;四肢不全瘫 1例。锁骨以下感觉减退 44例 ,肋弓或脐以下感觉减退 14例 ,胸或腹部有束带感 36例 ,足底有踩棉花感 5 5例。大、小便不同程度障碍 6 2例…     

颈椎椎管发育性狭窄与脊髓型颈椎病

本文目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病与发育性椎管狭窄在临床发病的关系及其发病因素。报告９６例发育性颈椎管狭窄,发生脊髓型颈椎病。研究结果：发育性颈椎管狭窄是解剖学发育异常,退变后引起椎间盘变性,突出及骨赘形成,并造成脊髓或脊髓血管受压,以脊髓型颈椎病的形式发病。应用前入路直接切除致压物并行植骨融合术,如果椎管后方有致压物,可以有选择地二期施行后路减压。随访优良７５例。     

椎管扩大术与中药治疗脊髓型颈椎病

我院自1991年8月以来对存在颈椎管狭窄和多节段椎间退行性改变的32例脊髓型颈椎病采用单开门根管扩大米佐以中药治疗，收到了良好的效果。临床资料本组男23例，女9例；年龄39～67岁；存在发育性椎管狭窄的18例；伴多节段椎间退行性改变致椎管狭窄的7例；合并后纵韧带骨化（OPLL）的5例；前路术后效果不佳者2例；病程2个月～4年，平均1．4年。术前X线检查：32例均有程度不同的颈椎退行性改变。发育性颈椎管狭窄即椎管矢径／椎体矢径＜0．75共20例；3～4节以上多节段退行性椎管狭窄共7例；OPLL5例。脊髓造影：共23例，均显示碘柱腹侧多节…     

发育性颈椎椎管狭窄合并颈椎病的诊断和治疗

本文报告发育性颈椎椎管狭管合并颈椎病并经手术治疗45例.研究发现,颈椎病病变过程是颈椎椎管狭窄临床发病的常见原因.测量结果,颈_3～颈_7椎管矢状径均在10mm以下并有节段性椎体后缘增生和骨赘形成.根据临床神经系统检查和影像学征象,分别选择颈椎前路和后路施行减压和植骨.平均随访18个月,椎间融合率100%,功能恢复优良率达82.2%(37/45).     

ACDF治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病合并发育性颈椎管狭窄临床疗效分析

目的:探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨融合内固定术(anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)治疗单节段脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)合并发育性颈椎管狭窄(developmental cervical spinal can...     

脊髓型颈椎病的手术术式选择

正脊髓型颈椎病典型的临床表现是步态异常,下肢无力,麻木及锥体束征等,有的患者还有颈部疼痛和不适,手指麻木、灵活性下降,也可以出现行走后下肢放射性疼痛。外科治疗的临床目标是消除或减轻上述症状,改善患者神经功能。上述目标可通过前路、后路或前后路联合手术获得~([1])。     

脊髓型颈椎病的手术方案选择

脊髓型颈椎病是指由于颈椎退行性改变导致颈髓受压而引起的综合征,常伴脊髓功能异常。手术治疗是解决颈髓受压最确切而有效的手段。该文结合颈椎常见手术的适应证、禁忌证及相关并发症,简要探讨颈椎常见手术的优缺点,以期为临床医师提供参考。     

CT angiography of anterior spinal artery in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

To identify anterior spinal artery (ASA) infarct or occlusion by CT angiography (CTA) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods

Fourteen patients with CSM were performed CTA of ASA after admission. T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image was compared with image of CTA of ASA.

Results

All patients presented spinal canal sagittal diameter compression from 10 to 80 % and different T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR images. No ASA infarct or occlusion was found in CSM patients.

Conclusion

ASA infarct or occlusion is not commonly seen in CSM patients with spinal canal sagittal diameter compression less than 80 %. Pathological changes about T2-weighted hyperintensity of MR image in CSM have no close correlation with ASA infarct.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后不同手术入路的比较分析

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)前后路不同术式的手术效果及各自的优缺点.方法 回顾109例多节段CSM资料,前路组67例行分节段减压,钢板固定+(MC+(R))固定,后路组42例行单开门、颈椎管扩大成形(ARCH)微型钛板固定.比较两组的手术时间、失血量、手术前后JOA评分及远期轴性颈椎痛的发生率.结果 平均随访32个月,手术时间前路组(127.01±33.44) min,后路组(118.61±22.28) min,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术中失血量前路组(316.42±150.35)ml,后路组(676.60±300.15)ml,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);JOA评分前路组术前(9.34+2.03)分,术后(14.08±2.26)分,差异有统计学意义;后路组术前(9.17±2.03)分,术后(13.86+1.71)分,差异有统计学意义;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);长期随访轴性颈椎痛前路组7例,后路组14例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 通过对多节段CSM前后不同入路的分析,认为对多数患者应采用前路手术效果更加理想,远期随访轴性颈椎痛的发生率前路明显少于后路组,前路手术还可以减少C5神经根麻痹的发生.     

Surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy

There have been several reports on surgical interventions in patients with adult cervical spondylotic myelopathy associated with athetoid cerebral palsy; however, the long-term effectiveness of these interventions has not been demonstrated. We have performed surgical treatments — posterior fusion with wave-shaped rods and anterior interbody fusion with internal fixators — in 20 patients. The present study included 17 of these patients, 16 men and 1 woman, and their mean follow-up period was 8.6 years (range, 5–15.5 years). One year after surgery, walking ability was improved in 14 patients. Pain in the upper extremities and muscle weakness of the deltoid were alleviated in all patients. One patient showed recurrence of myelopathy after 8.5 years' follow-up. Our surgical technique is effective in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy secondary to athetoid cerebral palsy, even in those with severe involuntary movements. Postoperative rigid external fixations are not required. Received: July 27, 1999 / Accepted: March 7, 2000     

Pathogenesis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy experimental studies

Summary Photo-elastic models of the cervical spinal cord were made and the stress patterns induced by compression at different sites upon the model were studied.The areas of stress were related to the known distribution of the blood supply within the cervical cord to try and explain the selective areas of degeneration that are found clinically in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

---

Résumé Les auteurs ont réalisé des modèles photoélastiques de la moelle cervicale et ont étudié les divers types de tension induits par des compressions en différents points du modèle.Les régions de tension sont comparées à la topographie connue de la vascularisation de la moelle cervicale afin d'expliquer les zones de dégénérescence électives mises cliniquement en évidence chez les malades atteints de spondylomyélopathie cervicale.

     

Increased spinal cord movements in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Background context

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very useful diagnostic test for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) because it can identify degenerative changes within the spinal cord (SC), disclose the extent, localization, and the kind of SC compression, and help rule out other SC disorders. However, the relationships between changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, cord motion, the extent and severity of spinal canal stenosis, and the development of CSM symptoms are not well understood.

Purpose

To evaluate if changes in the velocity of CSF and SC movements provide additional insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSM beyond MRI observations of cord compression.

Study design

Prospective radiologic study of recruited patients.

Patient sample

Thirteen CSM subjects and 15 age and gender matched controls.

Outcome measures

Magnetic resonance imaging measures included CSF and SC movement. Cervical cord condition was assessed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, compression ratio (CR), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) of the tibial and ulnar nerves.

Methods

Phase-contrast imaging at the level of stenosis for patients and at C5 for controls and T₂-weighted images were compared with clinical findings.

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid velocity was significantly reduced in CSM subjects as compared with controls and was related to cord CR. Changes in CSF velocity and cord compression were not correlated with clinical measures (JOA scores, SSEP) or the presence of T₂ hyperintensities. Spinal cord movements, that is, cord displacement and velocity in the craniocaudal axis, were increased in CSM patients. Increased SC movements (ie, total cord displacement) both in the controls and CSM subjects were associated with altered spinal conduction as assessed by SSEP.

Conclusions

This study revealed rather unexpected increased cord movements in the craniocaudal axis in CSM patients that may contribute to myelopathic deteriorations in combination with spinal canal compression. Understanding the relevance of cord movements with respect to supporting the clinical CSM diagnosis or disease monitoring requires further long-term follow-up studies.