以骨间前动脉及背侧支为蒂组织瓣的临床应用

目的报道以骨间前动脉及背侧支为蒂组织瓣移位术的手术方法。方法临床设计以骨间前动脉及背侧支为蒂的组织瓣共20例；其中逆行岛状皮瓣4例，逆行岛状骨瓣4例，顺行岛状骨瓣2例，逆行岛状骨膜瓣2例，逆行岛状骨皮瓣8例。应用组织瓣修复手背、虎口皮肤缺损，修复掌骨缺损、尺骨骨不连、月骨无菌性坏死等。结果11例皮瓣和骨皮瓣全部成活，1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，经植皮后愈合。术后随访3个月～4年，受区移植骨全部骨性愈合，手部功能满意。结论以骨间前动脉及背侧支为蒂的组织瓣可设计成多种类型，是修复手及前臂复合组织缺损的良好供区。     

前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部创面

目的探讨应用前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法应用前臂骨间背侧岛状皮瓣逆行修复16例手部皮肤缺损。结果16例皮瓣全部存活。随访6-15个月,皮瓣弹性良好,耐摩擦。无皮瓣边缘坏死发生,无前臂骨间背侧神经损伤,患肢功能恢复较满意。结论前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复手部皮肤软组织缺损的可靠方法。     

前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手背部创面

目的 探讨应用前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手背部皮肤缺损的临床效果.方法 应用前臂骨间后岛状皮瓣逆行修复16 例手部皮肤缺损.其中男10 例,女6 例;年龄15～46 岁.术前进行皮瓣设计,皮瓣切取面积12 cm×9 cm～6 cm×5 cm,后行手背部创面修复术.结果 16 例皮瓣全部成活.随访6～15个月,平均10个月.皮瓣弹性良好,耐摩擦.1 例皮瓣边缘坏死发生,经换药治愈;无前臂骨间背侧神经损伤,患肢功能恢复较满意.结论 前臂骨间后动脉逆行岛状皮瓣是修复手背部皮肤软组织缺损的可靠方法.     

小型岛状皮瓣急诊修复拇指软组织缺损

目的 报道拇指软组织缺损的皮瓣修复方法及临床效果. 方法 根据拇指软组织缺损的不同情况,采用5种小型岛状皮瓣进行修复,包括示指背侧岛状皮瓣、拇指桡侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、拇指尺背侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、第一掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、虎口背侧逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣等共37例. 结果 术后有3例皮瓣出现表皮小部分坏死,经换药处理愈合,皮瓣全部成活.随访4～20个月,拇指功能、外形满意. 结论 对拇指软组织缺损选择恰当的小型岛状皮瓣急诊修复,可获得满意的临床效果.     

带蒂组织瓣转位修复手部创伤组织缺损

目的探讨手部创伤组织缺损显微外科修复方法及其效果。方法采用食指背侧岛状皮瓣、缝接指神经的背侧支指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、邻指皮瓣、掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣和前臂骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣、髂腹股沟皮瓣、髂骨皮瓣及胸脐皮瓣转位修复手部创伤组织缺损197例。结果组织瓣全部成活，随访3个月至1年，指腹、指端感觉S2-pd：5～7mm，能最大限度保留和恢复手功能与外形。结论带蒂组织瓣转位修复手部创伤组织缺损，效果满意。     

骨间掌侧动脉背侧支岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的应用骨间掌侧动脉背侧支岛状皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损.方法采用该皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损6例,皮瓣切取的面积为3.0cm×6.0cm～8.0cm×12.0cm.结果 6例皮瓣全部成活,效果满意.结论该皮瓣血供可靠,创伤小,操作简单,血管蒂长,适用于修复手部皮肤缺损.     

改进的骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣在手外伤中的应用

目的报道应用改进后的骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣在急诊中修复手部创面的临床效果。方法将皮瓣的血管蒂改良为筋膜血管蒂。用此皮瓣在急诊中修复手部软组织缺损21例。结果21例岛状皮瓣全部成活，术后随访2～24个月，效果均满意。结论应用改进后的骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣增加了皮瓣静脉回流，提高了皮瓣成活率。且在不牺牲前臂主要血管前提下逆行修复手部皮肤缺损，手术安全、简便，是一种比较理想的方法。     

掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨应用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复食、中、环、小指近、中节皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法对26例食、中、环、小指中近节皮肤缺损的病例，采用掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复，设计的轴线为各指蹼背侧中点和两掌骨基底部汇合点连线，旋转点为距指蹼缘近侧约1．5cm，皮瓣解剖平面在深筋膜与伸肌腱之间。切取皮瓣最大为3．8cm×2.5cm，最小为1．8cm×0．8cm.结果26例全部成活，2例因血运障碍出现皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后愈合。术后随访2-10个月，皮瓣质地、外观满意，手部功能良好。结论掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣手术操作简便，损伤小，应用于手指近中节皮肤缺损的修复效果良好。     

应用前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手背皮肤缺损

目的探讨应用前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手背皮肤缺损的疗效。方法对11例手背皮肤软组织缺损．行前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复治疗。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,平均随访时间8个月,皮瓣色泽、形态佳,有保护性感觉。结论应用前臂骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复手背缺损,术后效果好,供区损伤小,是修复手背皮肤软组织缺损较理想的手术方法。     

皮瓣移植修复手部软组织缺损的临床应用分析

目的 报道应用皮瓣移植修复手部软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 根据手部软组织缺损情况,分别采用腹部带蒂皮瓣、锁骨下带蒂皮瓣、中指尺侧及环指桡侧岛状皮瓣、掌骨背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、手指掌侧推进皮瓣、示指近节背侧岛状皮瓣、足背复合组织游离皮瓣、骨间背侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、胸脐皮瓣、髂腹股沟皮瓣、足趾带足背皮瓣游离移植等进行修复共1289例.结果 1289例皮瓣中,21例坏死,其余全部成活,其中1157例获得随访,随访时间最短4个月,最长13年,838例外形和功能恢复较满意,319例皮瓣臃肿或手功能欠佳,经手术修薄及功能重建后好转.结论 根据软组织的不同缺损情况早期选用恰当的皮瓣修复手部外伤后软组织缺损,具有感染率低、住院时间短和手部外形及功能恢复较好等优点.     

前臂逆行骨间背侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的总结前臂逆行骨间背侧皮瓣的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析42例前臂逆行骨间背侧皮瓣，并结合文献阐明其变异程度及变异的处理。结果骨间背侧血管在前臂中1／3缺如1例．皮瓣边缘坏死；皮瓣向近端延伸超过4cm者4例，远端坏死，延迟愈合；其余均一期愈合：结论虽然前臂骨间背侧血管有变异，但前臂逆行骨间背侧皮瓣仍是修复手背中等大小创面较为理想的方法，以近点皮肤穿支向近端延伸皮瓣不要超过4cm。     

以骨间后血管为蒂的前臂后侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣在手部创伤修复中的应用

目的 报告应用改进前臂后侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣的手术方法及临床效果.方法 设计以骨间背侧血管下段为蒂的前臂后侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣逆向转位修复手腕背以远的皮肤缺损创面.临床应用22例,皮瓣最远修复至近侧指间关节,皮瓣最大切取面积为14cm×10 cm,蒂部最长12 cm.结果 术后22例皮瓣全部存活,未发生血管危象.随访时间为6～12个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意.结论 经改进后的前臂后侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣可用于修复手部较大面积的皮肤软组织缺损.     

应用骨间后动脉单一穿支微型皮瓣修复手指皮肤缺损

目的 应用骨间后动脉单一穿支微型皮瓣对手部较小面积的皮肤软组织缺损进行精确的定点修复。方法 在前臂背侧中部，以骨间后动脉（骨间总动脉尺侧肌皮支）为轴线，用多普勒血流探测仪确定穿支部位后以此设计皮瓣。对24例手指皮肤软组织缺损的患者，应用单一穿支微型皮瓣进行修复，并对皮瓣的设计、切取、吻合、成活特点及治疗效果进行观察和探讨。结果 术后21例皮瓣顺利存活，3例皮瓣术后1—3d出现不同程度的水疱、暗紫、结痂，2例皮瓣脱痂后成活，1例坏死。术后17例获得5—17个月的随访，7例失访。皮瓣外形满意，手指修复后效果良好。3例缝合伴行神经、皮下神经者，Dellon试验达5—6mm。结论 骨间后动脉单一穿支微型皮瓣游离移植可对手部较小的皮肤软组织缺损进行精确的定点修复，并获得了较好的临床效果。     

以骨间背动脉为轴多块游离微型穿支皮瓣修复手部多处软组织缺损

目的探讨以骨间背动脉为轴多块游离微型穿支皮瓣修复手部多处软组织缺损的方法。方法观察骨间背动脉全段肌间隙穿支血管数量、分布、走行的解剖特点，设计以骨间背动脉为轴多块游离微型穿支皮瓣修复手部多处软组织缺损，皮瓣切取面积最大为6．0cm×3．0cm，最小为2．5cm×1．5cm。结果本组7例14指皮瓣全部成活，其中1例1块远侧皮瓣术后第1天张力较高，出现水疱．表皮油纱覆盖保护，侧切口放血，肝素棉球湿敷，3d后逐渐好转。随访6-18个月，皮瓣色泽、外形满意，1例皮瓣稍臃肿，给予二期修整。7指近侧皮瓣2-PD恢复6-10mm；7指远侧皮瓣2-PD恢复8-12mm。供区留有线形瘢痕。结论以骨间背动脉为轴多块游离微型穿支皮瓣是修复手部多处皮肤软组织缺损的一种较理想的手术方法。     

多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢软组织缺损

目的 总结多种骨间后动脉皮瓣修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 2003年3月至2010年6月,对42例上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的患者,应用包括逆行皮瓣(复合组织瓣)、顺行皮瓣及游离皮瓣在内的多种骨间后动脉皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积为2.5 cm×2.0 cm～14.0 cm ×9.0 cm.供瓣区创面直接缝合或移植皮片修复.结果 应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复11例,改良型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复13例,骨间后动脉逆行肌腱复合瓣修复2例,骨间后动脉顺行皮瓣修复3例,骨间后动脉游离皮瓣修复7例,骨间后动脉桡背侧肌间隔穿支游离皮瓣修复6例.除了应用传统型骨间后动脉逆行皮瓣修复的病例中有1例发生皮瓣远端部分坏死,以及1例发生骨间后神经肌支损伤外,其余皮瓣术后均未发生血管危象,也未出现骨间后神经或其肌支损伤,皮瓣均顺利成活,切口均一期愈合.32例获得1～48个月的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地及厚薄较满意,供、受区外形和功能恢复也较满意.结论 骨间后动脉皮瓣血管解剖恒定,应用形式灵活多样,是修复上肢烧(创)伤软组织缺损的理想选择.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the therapeutic effect of multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps for repair of soft tissue defects in the upper extremities. Methods From March 2003 to June 2010, 42 cases with soft tissue defects in the upper limbs resulting from burn and traumatic injuries were treated using multiple types of posterior interosseous artery flaps, including retrograde flaps and composite flaps, antegrade flaps , and free flaps. Flap size ranged from 2.5 cm× 2.0 cm-14.0 cm×9.0 cm. The defects in the donor sites were closed directly or covered by skin graft. Results The conventional retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 11 cases, the modified retrograde posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 13 cases, the retrograde posterior interosseous artery composite flaps incorporating partial extensors were used in 2 cases, the antegrade posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 3 cases, the free posterior interosseous artery flaps were used in 7 cases, and the free perforator flap based on the radiodorsal septocutaneous perforator of the posterior interosseous artery were used in 6 cases. Partial necrosis happened in one case at the distal portion of the flap. Muscular branch of the posterior interosseous nerve was injuried in one case with conventional reverse posterior interosseous artery flaps. All the other flaps survived uneventually with no complication. All wounds were primarily healed. 32 cases were followed up for 1 to 48 months with satisfactory aesthetic and functional results both in the donor sites and in the recipent areas. The color,texture and thickness of the flaps were satisfied as well. Conclusions The posterior interosseous artery flap has a constant vascular anatomy and a great flexibility, which is practical and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect in the upper extremities arising from burn and traumatic injury.     

Die distal gestielte Arteria-interossea-posterior-Lappenplastik zur Defektdeckung am Handgelenk und an der Hand

OBJECTIVE: Coverage of defects on the upper limb with the distally pedicled, fasciocutaneous posterior interosseous artery flap. INDICATIONS: Defects with exposed tendon and/or bony tissue on the palmar and dorsal side of the wrist, the hand upon the proximal interphalangeal joint level and the whole thumb. Coverage of defects on the palmar side of wrist and palm of the hand with exposed median and/or ulnar nerve. Enlargement of the 1st interdigital web space in cases of thumb adduction contracture. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Surgery at the flap harvesting site on the proximal third of the forearm. Surgery at the site of the flap pedicle on the middle and distal third of the forearm upon the distal radioulnar joint. Absence of the distal anastomosis between the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries at the level of the distal radioulnar joint (5% of the cases). SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Skin markings of the planned island flap and subsequent S-curved skin incision along the flap pedicle upon the level of the distal radioulnar joint; blunt dissection onto the forearm fascia. Incision of the forearm fascia between the extensor digitorum communis and extensor digiti minimi muscles. Dissection of the flap pedicle between the extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles with subsequent identification of the posterior interosseous artery (no dissection!). Skin incision around the flap island. Dissection and ligation of the proximal anastomosis between the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries; mobilization of the flap island and pedicle from the ulnar shaft. Mobilization can be performed until the distal anastomosis of the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries is reached (flap pivot point). POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Plaster immobilization of the wrist and/or fingers for 7 days. Start of occupational therapy from the 7th postoperative day. Removal of sutures on the 12th-14th postoperative day. Wearing of compression garments. RESULTS: From November 2005 until June 2007, 25 distally pedicled posterior interosseous artery flaps were performed. With this type of flap, it was possible to successfully enlarge the 1st interdigital web space in two patients and to cover the whole thumb in two cases of degloving injury. In nine patients, the flap was used to cover the median and/or ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist and/or palm of the hand, and in four cases, to cover defects after tumor resection on the palm of the hand. Exposed extensor tendons and/or bony structures were covered with this flap in another eight patients. In two of the 25 flaps, distinct necroses of the most distal edge of the skin island were seen. After surgical debridement and split-skin transplantation, all of these small superficial defects healed well. Absence of the distal anastomosis as well as complete flap failure could not be observed in this series.     

Antebrachial reverse island flap with pedicle of posterior interosseous artery: a report of 90 cases.

We report our experiences of 90 cases of the reverse antebrachial flap based on the posterior interosseous artery. In 1985, we found a consistent anastomosis (96%) between the posterior interosseous artery and the anterior interosseous artery at the dorsal side of the ulnar head in an anatomical study. From 1985 to 2000, we used this antebrachial flap to repair soft tissue defects of the hands or wrists, the first web space, or to reconstruct thumbs in 90 cases. Only one case suffered flap necrosis. The reverse antebrachial flap on the posterior interosseous artery pedicle has the advantages of good texture and colour, and appropriate thickness compared to the hand. The anastomotic arch which determines the point of rotation is consistent, and the pedicle is long. This flap is reliable for repairing soft tissue defects with or without defects of the nerve, tendon and bone, and also for reconstruction of the first web and thumb. Donor site morbidity is acceptable.     

前臂骨间背侧皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨应用带蒂前臂骨间背侧皮瓣移位修复前臂或腕背部及虎口区皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法 对25例皮肤缺损（前臂4例，腕背部6例，手背至虎口区15例）的患者，应用带蒂前臂骨间背侧皮瓣移位进行修复。其中急诊皮肤缺损创面21例，瘢痕切除皮肤缺损创面4例。结果 术后25例皮瓣全部存活，伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后随访6～12个月，皮瓣质地好，肤色与厚度均与受区正常皮肤接近，伸肌腱粘连不明显，伸指功能基本恢复。结论 对前臂至腕背部的皮肤缺损，应用前臂骨间背侧皮瓣转移修复是优先的选择。     

Reversed Posterior Interosseous Flap: Safe and Easy Method for Hand Reconstruction

Complex hand trauma presents multifaceted problems for the surgeon. Soft tissue defects of the upper extremity must be carefully assessed to determine the most appropriate method of coverage of hand. In this article, the reversed posterior interosseous flap was used for coverage of the hand. The injured areas include: dorsum of the hand (10 cases), the wrist (3 cases) and the dorsal thumb (2 cases). All flaps survived completely and none exhibited venous compromise. All donor sites were skin grafted. The reversed posterior interosseous flap is a versatile option for coverage of moderate sized defects of the hand and is specifically indicated for coverage of injuries of the wrist, dorsal hand and dorsal thumb.     

血管变异型前臂背侧皮瓣修复手部皮肤软组织缺损

目的 探讨骨间后动脉血管变异时前臂背侧皮瓣的切取方法.方法 以骨间后动脉为蒂逆行岛状皮瓣转移修复手部皮肤软组织缺损时,遇到血管变异共9例,采取以骨间后动脉桡侧支为蒂切取逆行岛状前臂背侧皮瓣、以骨间后动脉近端为蒂切取游离骨间后动脉皮瓣、以骨间后动脉穿支为蒂切取游离前臂背侧穿支皮瓣等方法,进行皮瓣转移或移植修复手部创面.结果 9例皮瓣中有8例顺利存活;1例术后2 d皮瓣远端出现肿胀、青紫、小水泡,及时对症处理,5 d后部分皮缘形成干痂,皮瓣颜色恢复正常,脱痂后存活.9例随访3个月至2年,皮瓣质地柔软,弹性好,外形满意.结论 以桡骨间后动脉侧支为蒂的前臂背侧皮瓣逆行转移,以骨间后动脉近端或骨间后动脉穿支为蒂的前臂背侧皮瓣游离移植修复手部创面,是解决骨间后动脉血管变异较理想的方法.