甲状腺功能亢进合并肝损害治疗观察

回顾性分析甲亢合并重症肝损害患者的临床表现、治疗方法及转归。结果:除1例肝功能1个月恢复正常外,其余均于2～3周恢复正常。肝功好转后均及时行131I治疗甲亢。结论:甲亢合并重症肝损害患者的治疗原则是先明确肝损害原因并保肝治疗,肝功能出现好转后行131I治疗甲亢。     

老年甲亢伴肝损害的~(131)I治疗分析

目的 评价分析~(131)I治疗在老年甲亢伴肝损害中的应用价值及其影响因素.方法 172例老年甲亢伴肝损害患者,依据甲状腺激素测定、甲状腺吸碘率、甲状腺静态显像等,计划剂量为每克有功能甲状腺组织2.59～4.44 MBq,行~(131)I治疗.治疗后3、12个月复查甲功及肝功,以评价治疗效果.结果 甲亢治愈率为72.67%,多数肝损害在甲亢治愈后恢复正常.结论 老年甲亢伴肝损害患者治疗应首选~(131)I治疗.     

63例甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害分析

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症造成肝损害的发病特点、治疗方法。方法对209例甲亢患者进行回顾性分析总结。结果 209例甲亢患者中有63例并发肝损害,甲亢与肝损害间呈病程越长肝损害患病率越高,甲亢病情越重肝损害的可能性越大;对所有肝损害患者在保肝、支持治疗的同时,原发病甲亢的治疗根据患者肝功情况而定,轻度患者选择口服抗甲状腺药物治疗,中重度患者择期选择131I治疗。结论肝损害可随甲亢病情的好转而逐渐恢复正常,未发现复发及死亡病例,愈后良好;甲亢易并发肝损害,首先应保肝治疗,待肝功好转后再治疗甲亢。     

甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害给予复方甲亢片治疗的效果观察

目的探讨复方甲亢片治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害对改善患者肝功能、甲状腺功能及临床症状的效果。方法纳入2015年6月至2017年3月我院收治的甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害患者104例,随机分为两组。患者入院后均行常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予复方甲亢片治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后甲状腺功能、肝功能及症状改善情况。结果治疗前,两组肝功能(AST、ALT、ALP、γ-GT、TBi L)、甲状腺功能(TSH、FT3、FT4)评分比较均无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗后,两组肝功能指标AST、ALT、ALP、γ-GT、TBi L水平均有所下降,但两组AST、ALT水平比较无显著差异(P0.05),且治疗组ALP、γ-GT、TBi L水平显著低于对照组(P0.001);两组甲状腺功能指标TSH水平均明显提高,FT3、FT4水平均明显降低,且观察组TSH水平提高及FT3、FT4水平降低较对照组更为显著(P0.001)。观察组治疗后恶热、心悸、肋痛、乏力、食欲亢进等临床症状改善程度明显优于对照组(P0.001)。结论复方甲亢片治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害患者,能有效保护患者肝功能及甲状腺功能,改善患者临床症状,可作为临床治疗甲状腺功能亢进症合并肝损害的常用药物。     

病毒性肝炎合并甲状腺功能亢进症11例临床分析

目的分析病毒性肝炎合并甲亢时的病情，探讨有效治疗方案。方法选择病毒性肝炎合并甲状腺功能亢进症11例，仅予护肝支持对症治疗9例，护肝和^131碘治疗2例。结果病毒性肝炎合并甲亢大多肝功损害明显，病情较重，其中重型肝炎5例，慢性肝炎重度4例，慢性肝炎中度2例。9例不抗甲亢治疗效果差，2例^131碘治疗病情好转。结论病毒性肝炎合并甲亢易造成肝损害及甲亢加重，不抗甲亢治疗预后差。     

血浆置换治疗甲状腺功能亢进合并戊型病毒性肝炎三例临床分析

甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)患者较多合并肝损害,包括甲亢性肝损害、病毒性肝损害、药物性肝损害及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎等,症状多较严重,治疗棘手.在其合并病毒性肝损害中,以合并戊型病毒性肝炎(简称戊肝)多见.当甲亢合并严重肝损害时,抗甲状腺药物、手术及131I治疗均有一定的局限性,而血液净化已在治疗中显示一定的价值[1].现对我院2000～2011年收治的12例甲亢合并戊型肝炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其中2例合并重型肝炎及1例胆汁淤积严重患者采用血浆置换治疗的临床疗效.     

甲状腺功能亢进性肝损害与甲巯咪唑继发性肝损害的临床比较研究

目的分析甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)性肝损害患者的肝功能与甲状腺功能的相关性,探讨抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑所致肝损害患者的临床特征及其引起肝损害的相关因素。方法纳入甲亢性肝病患者54例(甲亢性肝损害组)和初诊未治的无肝损害甲亢患者33例(甲亢无肝损害组),收集两组患者用药前的一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能),分析甲亢性肝损害的相关因素;将同期抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑致肝损害患者(27例)根据肝功能指标分为肝细胞型组(7例)、胆汁淤积型组(12例)和混合型组(8例),收集其一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能)并比较。结果甲亢性肝损害组患者治疗前的ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT 3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT 4)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平明显高于甲亢无肝损害组(P<0.05),两组患者ALT、ALP、γ-GT水平均与FT 3、FT 4、TRAb水平呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。肝细胞型组、胆汁淤积型组和混合型组患者的年龄、用药时间、ALT、ALP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲亢患者甲状腺功能异常的严重程度可能与其肝损害相关;抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑引起的肝损害类型可能与患者年龄、病程及用药时间有关。     

甲状腺功能亢进症与肝损害

甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)是内分泌系统的常见病、多发病,临床上甲亢并肝功能损害比较常见,可分类为:①甲状腺激素直接作用致肝损害;②抗甲状腺药物致肝损害;③合并病毒性肝炎致肝损害;④合并自身免疫性肝炎致肝损害.     

分子吸附再循环系统治疗甲状腺功能亢进合并严重肝损害的临床研究

甲状腺功能亢进（甲亢）合并严重肝功能损害是临床上治疗颇为棘手的一类疾病。为探讨解决此临床治疗难题的方法，我们采用分子吸附再循环系统（MARS）并结合同位素^131Ⅰ治疗，对甲亢合并严重肝损害的临床治疗方法进行探讨。[第一段]     

甲状腺功能亢进症伴抗甲状腺药物所致肝损伤的识别与处理

甲状腺功能亢进症(简称“甲亢”)患者可引起肝脏损害,抗甲状腺药物丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)、甲巯咪唑(他巴唑)、甲亢平均有肝毒性作用,可导致肝细胞坏死或发生严重黄疸。正常识别与处理甲亢伴随及其治疗过程中发生的肝脏损害,对指导甲亢治疗及预防严重合并症的发生均有重要意义。1甲状腺功能亢进与肝脏损害甲亢患者伴有肝损害早在1874年就有报道。在有效的抗甲状腺药物及131I应用于临床以前,肝功能明显异常及黄疸较为常见,主要见于甲亢病史较久,尤其伴有心功能不全者,其发生机制与心功能不全等有关。经治疗甲亢及合并的心功能不全等改善后黄疸…     

The efficacy of long term thyrostatic treatment in elderly patients with toxic nodular goitre compared to radioiodine therapy with different doses.

The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of long term thyrostatic versus radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism in old age. Our study is a retrospective analysis of the therapeutical outcome in 66 patients over 60 years of age with toxic nodular goitre. The patients were divided in two groups: Group A: 28 patients on methimazole treatment: starting dose 5-30, median (M) 10 mg, maintenance dose 2.5-15 (M = 5) mg, follow up 6 to 240 months (M = 23.5 months). Group B: 38 patients treated by either 100-300 MBq (N = 14, subgroup B1) or 325-1000 MBq (N = 24, subgroup B2) 131I, follow up: 18 to 156 months (M = 48 months). The efficacy of the different therapeutical approaches were compared by calculating the occurrence rate of persisting and relapsing thyroid dysfunctions and associated side effects. The 28 patients on methimazole treatment became euthyroid after 1-16 (M = 5) months but numerous relapses occurred in the follow up: hyperthyroidism, clinical: 5, subclinical 13, (relapse duration: M = 8 months; associated symptoms: hypertension in 4, cardiac arrhythmia in 3, cerebral embolism in 1, angina pectoris in 2, weight loss in 2 cases). Poor patient's compliance (9/28) or dose reduction by the physician (5/28) were the main causes of the relapses. Transient clinical (3 cases) or subclinical (6 cases) hypothyroidism also occurred (duration: 1-3 M = 2 months, no clinical symptoms). In 7 out of 14 (50%) patients receiving 100-300 MBq 131I (Group B1) hyperthyroidism persisted (versus 4/24 -16.7%- in Group B2 following 325-1000 MBq 131I; chi2(1) = 4.78 P = 0.028), methimazole treatment had to be continued in 9/14 patients (64.3%) (versus 5/24 -20.8%)- in Group B2., chi2(1) = 7.18 P = 0.0074) and in 5/14 (35.7%) the radiotherapy had to be repeated (versus 5/24 -020.8%- in Group B2, not sign.). Our conclusions are: 1) long term thyrostatic treatment is not safe in elderly patients with toxic nodular hyperthyroidism, mainly because of poor compliance or dose reduction by the physician; 2) radioiodine treatment as the first choice should be recommended for these patients and higher doses should be preferred.     

~(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的进展

近年来国内外发表了一些~(131)Ⅰ治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)的临床指南.这些指南表明了~(131)Ⅰ治疗甲亢在5方面的进展,包括:(1)~(131)Ⅰ治疗亚临床甲亢;(2)~(131)Ⅰ治疗Graves甲亢合并甲状腺摄碘率升高的慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎;(3)~(131)Ⅰ治疗儿童和青少年甲亢;(4)~(131)Ⅰ治疗Graves眼病;(5)~(131)Ⅰ治疗难治性重度甲亢.本文简要介绍并评价有关内容.     

儿童和青少年甲状腺功能亢进症的131I治疗

对适宜^131Ⅰ治疗的儿童和青少年甲亢患者进行治疗前后的疗效观察研究。临床确诊及对抗甲亢药物耐药或有禁忌证的31例患者接受了^131Ⅰ治疗。其中15例痊愈，11例明显好转，5例甲减；18例突眼患者中，8例突眼基本恢复正常，4例缓解，5例无变化和1例加重。对不宜行抗甲亢药物治疗的10岁以上甲亢患者来说，^131Ⅰ是一种相对安全、有效的治疗方法。     

结肠灌洗联合血浆置换序贯治疗慢性重型肝炎内毒素血症的临床研究

目的：探讨结肠灌洗联合血浆置换序贯治疗慢性重型肝炎内毒素血症的临床疗效。方法：将246例重型肝炎患者随机分为3组：联合治疗组（86例）采用结肠灌洗联合血浆置换序贯治疗配合传统内科药物治疗，血浆置换纽（80例）采用血浆置换序贯治疗配合传统内科药物治疗，对照组（80例）采用传统内科药物治疗。检测3组患者治疗前后血清内毒素、肝功能、血氨等生化指标，观察患者临床症状和体征的改善情况及其预后。结果：联合治疗组内毒素、血氨下降的幅度，肝功能、症状的改善及生存率的提高均明显好于血浆置换组及对照组。结论：结肠灌洗联合血浆置换序贯疗法能有效地降低重型肝炎患者的内毒素血症，改善肝功能，缓解临床症状，提高存活率。     

Clinical and biochemical changes following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism in patients not pretreated with antithyroid drugs

BACKGROUND: Radioiodine therapy (131I) for the treatment of hyperthyroidism has been shown to be effective and safe. Despite the extensive experience with radioiodine therapy, the necessity for pretreatment with antithyroid drugs is controversial. Pretreatment is partly based on the concept that antithyroid drugs deplete the thyroidal hormonal stores, thereby reducing the risk of a radioiodine-induced aggravation of hyperthyroidism or thyroid storm. Few data are available on the frequency of clinically significant exacerbations of hyperthyroidism following 131I therapy without prior treatment with antithyroid drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine prospectively the early clinical and biochemical changes after 131I therapy in patients who were not pretreated with antithyroid drugs. METHODS: Patients with Graves' disease (n = 21), toxic multinodular goiter (n = 11) or toxic adenoma (n = 2) were studied before and after 131I therapy. Clinical and biochemical parameters of thyroid function were investigated before and 1, 2, 8, 11, 18 and 25 days after 131I treatment. Patients were given no antithyroid drugs prior to 131I therapy, all patients received beta-blocking agents for symptomatic relief. RESULTS: In 19 of 34 patients, a transient increase in thyroid hormone levels was observed, predominantly in the first week following 131I therapy. None of these patients experienced worsening of thyrotoxic symptoms. This transient increase in thyroid hormone levels was demonstrated in all patients with toxic multinodular goiter, whereas it was found in only six of 21 patients with Graves' disease. This difference could not readily be explained by differences in pretreatment thyroid hormone levels, administered dose or effectively absorbed dose of 131I. CONCLUSIONS: 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism without pretreatment with antithyroid drugs may cause a transient increase in thyroid hormone levels. Clinically significant exacerbations of hyperthyroidism were, however, not observed in our study population. Increased hormone levels following 131I therapy were more often seen in patients with toxic multinodular goiter than in patients with Graves' disease.     

131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的进展

本文介绍美国甲状腺学会和美国临床内分泌医师学会近年发表的《甲状腺功能亢进症和其他原因引起的甲状腺毒症处理指南》中有关^131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）的要点,同时介绍近年来国内外用^131I治疗甲亢的进展,重点介绍我国不用抗甲状腺药物预治疗而直接用^131I治疗难治性重度甲亢的经验。     

血液净化联合内科常规治疗与单纯药物治疗64例重症毒蕈中毒效果比较

目的评价群发性重症毒蕈中毒患者血液净化联合内科常规治疗与单纯药物治疗的疗效比较。方法比较采用血液净化（包括分子吸附再循环系统、血浆置换、血液透析、血液滤过、血液灌流等技术）联合内科常规治疗与单纯药物治疗对64例重症毒蕈中毒患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗效果及预后进行回顾性分析。结果毒蕈中毒常有肝、肾、呼吸、循环、神经系统、消化道、凝血等多脏器、多系统损害,急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统显示（APACHEII评分）,随分值增加,病死率递增。40例联合治疗组在内科常规治疗的基础上加用血液净化,治愈率为75％（30／40）;24例药物治疗组给予单纯药物治疗,治愈率仅为25％（6／24）,联合治疗组治愈率明显高于药物治疗组（P=0．000）。两组患者治疗后血液Au、、AST、TBil、DBil、GLB、Bun、HBDH、PT较治疗前有明显改善（P均〈0．05）,而治疗后ALB、TD、Cr、CK、CKMB等指标虽有下降,但差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。结论重症毒蕈中毒患者随脏器损害增多,病死率递增,血液净化治疗对抢救重症毒蕈中毒有肯定的疗效,能较好的清除毒蕈毒素,减少毒素吸收,减轻肝、肾功能损害,改善凝血功能,帮助患者度过危险期,根据病情需要及早行血液净化治疗能明显改善预后,提高生存率,降低病死率。     

血液透析滤过联合血液灌流治疗重度鱼胆中毒15例分析

目的 探讨血液透析滤过(HDF)联合血液灌流(HP)治疗重度鱼胆中毒的疗效.方法 15例鱼胆中毒患者常规内科治疗后,均在中毒后前2天应用HDF串联HP,2d后继续HDF治疗,对其疗效进行分析.结果 经治疗中毒临床症状完全消失,肝、肾功能等各项临床指标均正常,15例患者均痊愈.结论 HDF联合HP治疗重度鱼胆中毒效果可靠、抢救成功率高.     

Successful treatment of solitary toxic thyroid nodules with relatively low-dose iodine-131, with low prevalence of hypothyroidism

Forty-five patients with solitary toxic thyroid adenomas received 131I (mean dose, 10.3 mCi) for treatment of hyperthyroidism and were followed for 4.9 +/- 3.2 years (range, 0.5 to 13.5). Seventy-seven percent were euthyroid by 2 months, 91% by 6 months, and 93% by 1 year. Only 3 patients did not respond to a single dose of 131I, but all responded to multiple doses. Late recurrent hyperthyroidism occurred in 3 patients at 4.5, 6, and 10 years after treatment with a single dose of 131I. No patient developed clinical hypothyroidism, and none had a low serum thyroxine level associated with an elevated serum thyrotrophin level. Three patients developed minimal elevations in serum thyrotrophin levels: 1, 4, and 7.5 years after 131I treatment, their thyrotrophin levels were 8.4, 6.2, and 9.6 microU/mL, respectively. All 3 had normal serum thyroxine levels and were clinically euthyroid. Mean serum thyroxine concentrations of all patients were unchanged between 1 and more than 9 years of follow-up. These data suggest that solitary toxic adenomas may be treated with relatively low doses of 131I (5 to 15 mCi), and that post-treatment hypothyroidism is very unusual.