我国Peutz-Jeghers综合征患者合并恶性肿瘤的临床分析

背景：Peutz-Jeghers综合征（PJS）为一种常染色体显性疾病,可合并多种恶性肿瘤,但肿瘤风险仍未阐明。目的：总结我国PJS患者合并恶性肿瘤的临床特征。方法：以黑斑息肉、Peutz-Jeghers为关键词在万方和中国知网两个数据库中检索1979年1月～2008年10月发表的有关PJS的271篇文献,对合并恶性肿瘤患者的临床特征进行分析。结果：共纳入PJS患者1504例,其中207例（13．8％）合并恶性肿瘤,男女比例约1：1．05。PJS合并的恶性肿瘤中,以消化系肿瘤和妇女相关肿瘤最为常见,分别为155例（74．9％）和24例（11．6％）。PJS患者发生恶性肿瘤频率最高的年龄段为31～50岁,13～50岁PJS患者合并恶性肿瘤的频率达90．9％。PJS合并恶性肿瘤的发生率明显高于普通人群。结论：PJS患者合并恶性肿瘤的发生率明显增高,应积极处理胃肠道息肉和筛查全身肿瘤。     

Peutz-Jeghers综合征伴癌变、直肠脱垂1例

<正>Peutz-Jeghers综合征(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PJS)是一种罕见的常染色体显性遗传疾病,以皮肤黏膜色素沉着、多发性消化道错构瘤性息肉为主要特征,同时增加了恶性肿瘤发生风险[1]。与PJS相关的恶性肿瘤可分为胃肠道型和非胃肠道型,其中,结直肠癌是PJS患者中最常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤,有研究报道[2],PJS患者结直肠癌患病风险高达39%,并且随着年龄的增加而增加。直肠脱垂是指肛管、直肠、     

Peutz-Jeghers综合征1例报道并浅析

探讨Peutz-Jeghers综合征(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,PJS)的临床特点及诊治方法。回顾性分析长安医院收治的1例PJS患者临床资料。患者临床表现以腹痛、便血为主。行胶囊内镜检查发现全胃肠道多发息肉、回盲部占位及簇状息肉。最终行剖腹探查手术切除部分肠段明确诊断。PJS患者患恶性肿瘤风险增加,目前内镜下息肉切除及手术治疗仍为主要治疗方法。     

Peutz-Jeghers综合征研究进展

Peutz-Jeghers综合征(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,PJS)是一种以皮肤黏膜色素沉着、胃肠道多发息肉、家族遗传性为主要特征的常染色体显性遗传病,丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶11/肝激酶B1(STK11/LKB1)基因突变被认为与该病的发生密切相关。PJS患者罹患肿瘤的风险较常人更高。目前针对PJS胃肠道息肉的治疗主要包括内镜及手术治疗。本文就近年来PJS的研究进展作一概述。     

消化系疾病血清β_2-微球蛋白测定的临床意义

目的 :研究探讨血清β2 微球蛋白 (β2 - MG)在鉴别良恶性消化系疾病中的价值。方法 :用放射免疫法测定 12 0例消化系癌肿和 10 8例消化系良性疾病患者的血清β2 - MG水平 ,用 3 6例正常人作对照。结果 :消化系恶性肿瘤比消化系良性疾病和正常人的血清β2 - MG明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。良性疾病中仅溃疡性结肠炎血清β2 - MG较其它良性疾病和正常人明显升高 (P<0 .0 1) ,与结肠癌比较无差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。高β2 - MG血症发生率消化系恶性肿瘤 (60 .83 % )较良性疾病(14 .81% )明显增高 (P<0 .0 1)。血清β2 - MG增高在进展期癌肿中占 92 .5 2 % ,相对稳定期癌肿中仅占 5 1.61% (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :血清β2 - MG有助于鉴别消化系良恶性疾病。动态观察癌肿的血清β2 - MG变化对判断癌肿进展、预后、复发有一定价值。     

β-catenin基因在Peutz-Jeghers综合征组织中的突变及表达

目的:研究Peutz-Jeghers综合征(PJS)患者体内β-catenin基因突变及其蛋白表达,探讨β-catenin在PJS息肉发生及恶变中的作用.方法:收集PJS息肉、癌旁正常黏膜各12例,结肠腺瘤、结肠癌组织各14例,及相应PJS血液标本,检测β-catenin基因外显子3突变及mRNA表达水平.选取PJS息...     

血清CA72-4在消化系癌症中的临床应用

目的:探讨血清肿瘤标志物糖类抗原72-4(carbohydrate antigen 72-4,CA72-4)在消化系癌症中的应用意义和临床价值.方法:采用电化学发光法分别测定310例消化系癌症患者(肝癌52例,食管癌36例,胰腺癌50例,胆道癌35例,胃癌74例,肠癌63例)及50例对照组消化系良性病变患者的血清CA72-4水平.结果:CA72-4在肝癌组阳性率为21.15%,食管癌组27.78%,胰腺癌组36.00%,胆道癌组37.14%,胃癌组51.35%,肠癌组61.90%.各消化系癌症组血清CA72-4水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义.结论:血清CA72-4在消化系癌症中有较高的阳性率,尤其是胃癌和肠癌,同时对鉴别消化系良恶性肿瘤有重要的价值,应加大临床的推广应用.     

Brg1在Peutz-Jeghers综合征息肉组织中的蛋白表达及基因突变

目的:研究Brg1(Brahma-related gene1)基因在Peutz-Jeghers综合征(Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,PJS)息肉组织中蛋白表达及基因突变的意义,探讨其与肿瘤发生的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学技术分析72例PJS息肉组织Brg1蛋白的表达,同时应用PCR-DNA技术检测39例PJS息肉和2例癌变组织中Brg1基因第4和10外显子的基因突变,初步探讨其和PJS发生、发展及预后的关系.结果:Brg1蛋白在PJS息肉中的表达率为54.17%(39/72),与小肠腺癌的表达率(76.67%)相比明显降低,与正常组织的表达率(16.67%)相比明显增高;PJS息肉组和正常小肠黏膜组Brg1蛋白阳性表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PJS息肉组和小肠癌组Brg1蛋白阳性表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).39例PJS息肉标本和2例癌变标本中,Brg1第4和10外显子的基因突变率为零.结论:Brg1蛋白在PJS息肉中高表达并对PJS的发生发展起着重要作用,但Brg1基因突变在PJS中少见,Brg1蛋白的表达可作为判断PJS息肉恶变及预后的重要指标.     

结直肠癌STK11基因杂合性丢失和突变的研究

Peutz-Jeghers综合征(PJS)是一种遗传性肿瘤综合征，临床研究表明：PJS患者发生癌的危险性高出普通人群12倍。一生中将发展成为恶性肿瘤的可能性是50％[1]。Foley等[2]指出，PJS中的胃肠道错构瘤是一种癌前期病变，易发生胃肠道恶性肿瘤。1998年Jennd和Hemminki克隆了PJS致病基因并命名为STK11[3,4]。Jennd等人推测，像PTEN和APC基因一样，STK11基因是一种有普遍作用的肿瘤抑制基因，在散发性肿瘤的发生发展过程中发挥作用。为了明确STK11基因与散发性的结直肠癌发生的关系，我们对结直肠癌组织中STK11基因杂合性丢失(LOH)和突变进行了研究，报道如下。     

Peutz-Jeghers综合征研究进展

Peutz-Jeghers综合征(PJS)又称Peutz-Jeghers息肉病、口周色斑沉着征以及息肉-色斑综合征等,是一种常染色体显性遗传性癌综合征.该病的外显率很高,男女患病情况相当,其特点为皮肤黏膜下出现黑色素沉积以及肠内发生错构瘤性息肉,该息肉多发于小肠,也可以发生于胃肠道的任何部位.部分病例可伴发胃肠道内外肿瘤,胃肠道外肿瘤部位包括卵巢、子宫颈、睾丸、胰腺、乳腺和肺.PJS首先由Peutz在1921年描述,由Jeghers在1949年给予系统总结.现将PJS的研究进展作一综述如下.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.