225例结直肠锯齿状腺瘤的临床、内镜及病理学特征分析

目的探讨结直肠锯齿状腺瘤(serrated adenoma,SA)的临床、内镜及病理学特征。方法回顾性分析北京军区总医院消化内镜中心2009年1月-2013年10月检出的225例结直肠SA的临床、内镜及病理学资料。结果全部患者中男148例,女77例,年龄19~89岁,平均年龄(53.5±14.3)岁。以单发型多见(87.1%)。在同期结肠镜中的检出率为2.1%。内镜下形态以扁平型和广基型居多(64.3%、20.0%),多数病变直径在10 mm以下(83.1%);左半结肠和右半结肠的病变大小和形态分布的差异均有统计学意义(χ2=14.2662、12.2168,P0.05)。全部病例中广基锯齿状腺瘤息肉(SSA/P)30例(13.3%),非广基锯齿状腺瘤(包括增生性息肉、传统锯齿状腺瘤)195例(86.7%)。SSA/P中有20例位于右半结肠(66.7%),平均直径13.3 mm。其中6例SSA/P呈侧向发育型息肉,均位于升结肠及回盲部。伴腺上皮异型增生12例,另有3例腺瘤癌变。结论结直肠SA临床相对少见,内镜下形态及分布部位有其自身特点,尤其是SSA/P。有必要对结直肠SA进行明确分类,并对其发展、转归做长期随访研究。     

大肠癌精筛中内镜黏膜切除术对结直肠进展期腺瘤的诊治价值

目的探讨内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)在大肠癌精筛中诊治结直肠进展期腺瘤的临床价值。方法收集2016-01～2017-05广州市中西医结合医院结肠镜活检诊断为结直肠广基或亚蒂进展期腺瘤52例,行EMR切除病灶,并行病理学检查明确诊断,随访观察治疗效果和安全性。结果 47例病变予EMR切除,5例予内镜黏膜分片切除术(EPMR)切除,术中出血5例,均20 ml,术后无迟发型出血及穿孔发生。所有病变一次性整块切除率为90. 4%(47/52),组织治愈性切除率为88. 5%(46/52);术后病理提示绒毛状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变(LGD) 38例(73. 1%),绒毛状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变(HGD) 12例(23. 1%),另有2例(3. 8%)黏膜下癌转外科手术治疗,但术后病变肠段未发现肿瘤组织残留和淋巴结转移。50例患者术后随访3～15月(中位随访9个月)未见复发。结论 EMR诊治进展期腺瘤安全有效,在大肠癌精确筛查中能发挥关键的诊治价值。     

结直肠息肉切除术后迟发性出血的危险因素

目的:明确迟发性结直肠息肉切除术后出血危险因素以及这些因素与迟发性出血关系.方法:回顾性分析2008-11/2014-04华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院1426例2292枚结直肠息肉切除中与息肉以及操作相关的可能危险因素.结果:息肉电切术后迟发性出血发生于20例患者(发生率1.4%).多因素分析发现息肉10 mm[相对危险度(odds ratio,OR)=1.222,95%可信区间(95%confidence interval,95%CI):1.205-1.239,P=0.003],位于右半结肠(OR=1.152;95%CI:1.137-1.167,P=0.049),内镜医师经验欠缺(OR=1.307,95%C I:1.288-1.326,P=0.046)是息肉电切术后迟发性出血有统计学意义危险因素.经验欠缺内镜医师进行右半结肠息肉切除(OR=1.992,95%CI:1.975-2.009,P=0.000)增加迟发性出血风险.结论:息肉大小、右半结肠息肉以及内镜医师经验欠缺是迟发性结直肠息肉切除术后出血独立危险因素.     

内镜分片黏膜切除术治疗巨大结直肠平坦型病变的临床评价及复发率随访

目的评价内镜分片黏膜切除术(endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection,EPMR)治疗巨大结直肠平坦型病变的疗效、安全性及应用价值,并随访观察其复发率。方法经术前内镜检查评估及病理证实,符合内镜切除适应证,采用EPMR切除46例直径≥30 mm结直肠平坦型病变,均为侧向发育型肿瘤(LST),术后标本全部行精确的病理学评价。结果 46例结直肠LST患者中,病灶位于直肠38例,占82.6%,完全切除率93.5%(43/46),切除治愈率97.8%(45/46)。术后出血发生率为4.3%,均经内镜止血成功,无1例发生穿孔。术后病理均为腺瘤,伴低级别上皮内瘤变30例,伴高级别上皮内瘤变10例,黏膜内癌6例。全组患者随访3~96个月,仅2例复发,复发率4.3%,再次内镜处理获愈。结论 EPMR是治疗巨大结直肠平坦型病变安全、有效的方法,掌握切除方法和技巧,可以完全切除病变,减少残留及复发率。     

上海市嘉定区2652枚结直肠息肉临床病理分析

背景:结直肠息肉特别是腺瘤性息肉为结直肠癌前病变,结肠镜检查检出并切除息肉对结直肠癌的预防具有重要意义。目的:对上海市嘉定区1 613例结直肠息肉患者进行回顾性分析,为结直肠息肉的内镜监测管理提供依据。方法:2013年1月—2014年8月上海瑞金医院北院内镜中心检出的2 652枚结直肠息肉纳入研究,对息肉临床病理特征、活检与内镜切除标本病理诊断符合率以及随访期间息肉再次检出情况进行统计分析。结果:2 652枚结直肠息肉中75.3%(1 996枚)为远端结肠息肉,腺瘤性息肉占77.5%(2 056枚),其中39.1%(804枚)发生上皮内瘤变。447枚息肉同时取活检并在切除后送病理检查,两次病理诊断总体符合率为60.4%,其中腺瘤性息肉符合率为68.1%。术后1.5年复查结肠镜再次检出息肉并送病理检查共218枚,腺瘤性息肉占74.3%,近端结肠和直径≤1.0 cm的息肉再次检出率分别显著高于远端结肠和直径1.0 cm者(12.3%对6.9%,9.0%对4.5%,P均0.01)。结论:腺瘤性息肉在结肠镜检查检出的息肉中占比较高;应重视息肉切除后标本的病理检查和定期随访。     

符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者异时结直肠肿瘤发病风险研究

目的探讨符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后异时结直肠癌及高危腺瘤的发病风险及对生存的影响。 方法回顾分析南京医科大学附属江苏省肿瘤医院收治的34例符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后生存与异时结直肠肿瘤发病的随访资料。 结果6例患者接受了结肠全切除治疗,中位随访122个月,无异时结直肠肿瘤发生。28例患者接受了结肠部分切除治疗,中位随访82个月,10例发生了异时结直肠癌,1例发生了需要手术切除的异时结肠腺瘤。结肠部分切除组5年和10年累计异时结直肠肿瘤发病风险分别为24.1%和48.2%,与结肠全切除组相比差异具有统计学意义（P=0.047）。全组总体5年和10年生存率分别为100%和85.6%。结肠部分切除组与结肠全切除组总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.306）。发生异时结直肠肿瘤的患者与没有发生异时结直肠肿瘤的患者相比,总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.901）。结肠部分切除后患者性别、年龄、既往结直肠癌手术史、肿瘤部位、分化程度和分期与异时结直肠肿瘤的发病风险均无显著相关关系。 结论符合Amsterdam标准的结肠肿瘤患者术后发生异时结直肠肿瘤的风险相当高,与结肠部分切除相比,结肠全切除治疗有助于预防异时结直肠肿瘤,但不能显著改善总体生存率。     

内镜黏膜切除术在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的价值

目的评价内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)在诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者中的临床价值。方法入选2015年1月至2017年1月经广州市中西医结合医院内镜室结肠镜检出的广基隆起性病变患者78例,年龄50～78(63.4±9.2)岁。通过EMR切除病灶,术中记录病变大小、形态以及手术操作方法、并发症、病理类型等信息。至少随访3个月。结果72例病变均予标准EMR切除,3例Ⅱa+Ⅱc病变及3例LST病变予EPMR切除。术中出血8例,出血量均20 ml。所有患者术后均无迟发性出血及穿孔发生;所有病变一次性整块切除率为92.3%(72/78),组织治愈性切除率91.0%(71/78)。术后病理提示增生性息肉8例(10.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变(LGD)58例(74.3%),管状腺瘤或管状绒毛状腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变(HGD)10例(12.8%),黏膜下癌2例(2.6%)。共随访68例患者,中位随访时间12(3～24)个月,均未见复发。结论EMR诊治老年结直肠广基隆起性病变患者安全、有效,值得推广。     

结直肠腺瘤切除术后复发风险研究

目的探讨结直肠腺瘤切除后不同时间段腺瘤复发风险。方法对1976年至2007年在广州南方医院消化内镜中心所有经结肠镜下诊断并切除腺瘤患者的随访结果进行回顾性总结,根据初次结肠镜检查患者腺瘤特征对患者进行分层,即非高危腺瘤和高危腺瘤患者,分析不同患者在不同时间段的腺瘤复发风险。结果 1 356例腺瘤患者在腺瘤切除术后1年到20年间接受了3次以上的有效随访结肠镜检查。基础腺瘤(初次结肠镜检查中发现腺瘤)为高危腺瘤患者,在1~3年、3~5年、5~10年和10~20年4个时间段内高危腺瘤的累计复发率分别是3.8%、13.1%、34.7%和52.0%,任意腺瘤的复发率分别是32.6%、58.1%、75.8%和86.2%。基础腺瘤为非高危腺瘤患者,高危腺瘤的累计复发率分别是0.9%、3.9%、5.8%和29.2%,任意腺瘤的复发率为11.5%、28.9%、45.3%和62.5%。两种类型基础腺瘤(即高危腺瘤和非高危腺瘤)患者比较,复发高危腺瘤或任意腺瘤的累计风险均存在很大差异(P=0.000)。结论腺瘤切除后复发腺瘤或高危腺瘤累计风险随时间延长明显增加,高危腺瘤患者腺瘤切除后复发风险在不同时间段均明显高于非高危腺瘤患者。     

结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变的临床分析38例

目的:研究结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变的临床病理特征,探讨临床合理治疗决策.方法:回顾性总结38例经内镜检查和病理初步诊断为结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变患者的,临床资料,分析其临床表现、内镜形态学、组织病理学特点、预后等,随访观察3-36 mo.结果:38例患者中,最终确诊17例为结直肠癌.21例仍为高级别上皮内瘤变.治疗前后诊断一致性较差(Kappa值为0.376).结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变合并癌的高危因素包括:肿瘤大小、内镜形态特点、症状严重、绒毛状腺瘤合并高级别上皮内瘤变、CEA或CA19-9增高等.结论:使用WHO新的诊断结直肠高级别上皮内瘤变需引起临床医生重视,特别是对于内镜下单纯活检病例.应当谨慎选择治疗方式和随访时间.     

内镜下圈套切除巨大结肠直肠息肉170例

目的探讨内镜下治疗巨大结肠直肠息肉的可行性和安全性.方法无蒂息肉采取逐渐切除的方法,有蒂息肉则横断切除蒂的方法.结果内镜下圈套切除170例患者,共切除大的(≥3cm)息肉176颗,这些切除的息肉称为"巨大”息肉.出血是息肉切除术仅有的并发症占24.1%,除1例需住院止血,其他所有出血都经过内镜下治疗止血.切除的息肉组织学均为腺瘤,同时伴有恶变的占12.3%.132例患者随访在6mo以上结论内镜下切除巨大结肠直肠息肉是可行的和安全的.因息肉复发率较高,所以要密切观察,及时发现和治疗     

Risk and cause of interval colorectal cancer after colonoscopic polypectomy

Background: To investigate the cause and risk of interval colorectal cancer (ICC) in patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years after colonoscopic polypectomy. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data (endoscopy, pathology, demography) of patients who received surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years after colonoscopic polypectomy. Results: Among 1,794 patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years after colonoscopic polypectomy, 14 suffered from ICC. The mean follow-up time was 2.67 years and the incidence density of ICC was 2.9 cases per 1,000 person-years. 50% of ICCs were found in patients in whom adenomas had been incompletely removed by endoscopic therapy, 36% were missed cancers, and 14% were new cancers. Age >60 years (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.31-3.82) was significantly associated with interval cancer on the surveillance colonoscopy as were advanced adenoma (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62), the presence of villous (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.85) and high-grade dysplasia (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07-2.42). Conclusions: Among patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy within 5 years after polypectomy, the incidence density of ICC was 2.9 cases per 1,000 person-years. The majority of interval cancers originated from incomplete resection of advanced adenomas and missed cancers, which can be prevented by improving endoscopic techniques and selecting an appropriate follow-up time interval.     

Follow-up Study of Early Colorectal Cancer After Endoscopic Resection

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the significance of long-term follow-up observation of early colorectal cancer following endoscopic resection. The subjects included 100 patients who had undergone early colorectal cancer resection by endoscopic polypectomy with prior injection of the base (73 patients with mucosal carcinoma (m cancer), 24 Patients with submucosal carcinoma (sm cancer), and 3 patients with multiple early colorectal cancers. Posttherapeutic observation was carried out by endoscopy. The results were, briefly, as follows: 1) No cases of local recurrence or metastasis were observed during the follow-up observation period for up to a period of 14 years. 2) 3 cases (3%) of metachronous carcinoma were detected, 2 of these patients had early carcinoma and 1 had advanced carcinoma. The mean period which elapsed before the detection of metachronous cancers was 35.0 ± 15.3 months. 3) The incidence of adenoma during the follow-up period was 40%, the frequency of newly detected adenoma was relatively high among the patients with coexisting adenoma at the time of treatment for early carcinoma and among the elderly patients aged 60 years or over, 4) No cancer was detected after establishing a clean colon, and the incidence of adenoma in such cases was relatively low, i. e., 14.5%. The mean period of time which elapsed until the detection of the adenoma was 24.4 ± 18.0 months. The results of this study indicated that endoscopic examination is necessary and useful for surveillance of local recurrence or metachronous carcinoma as well as the detection of adenoma.     

Number of aberrant crypt foci in the rectum is a useful surrogate marker of colorectal adenoma recurrence

Aim: Endoscopic screening and removal of colorectal adenomas can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. However, given the possibility of adenoma recurrence, surveillance colonoscopy is currently recommended after the initial screening and removal of colorectal adenomas. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) have been shown to serve as a reliable surrogate marker of colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, the relationship between the number of ACF at the initial endoscopic polypectomy and the likelihood of colorectal adenoma recurrence after polypectomy were investigated. Methods: High‐magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy was performed in 82 subjects who underwent endoscopic polypectomy to identify ACF in the lower rectum. Surveillance colonoscopy was then performed 3 years after the baseline polypectomy at Yokohama City University Hospital. Results: The number of ACF was greater in patients who showed adenoma recurrence (7.88 ± 6.35) than in those who did not (2.19 ± 2.95) (P < 0.001). Receiver–operating curve analysis showed that the number of ACF was a highly specific predictor of the risk of adenoma recurrence. Conclusions: This is the first study conducted to investigate the relationship between the number of ACF after endoscopic polypectomy and the likelihood of recurrence of colorectal adenomas. These results suggest that the number of ACF is a useful predictor of the likelihood of colorectal adenoma recurrence.     

Endoscopic Removal of Large Colorectal Polyps

PURPOSE: Because of the potential risk of malignancy and technical difficulties in achieving complete removal, large colorectal polyps represent a special problem for the endoscopist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capabilities and risks of endoscopy in complete removal of large colorectal polyps. METHODS: Endoscopic polypectomy of 186 colorectal polyps larger than 3 cm in diameter (range, 3-13 cm) was performed; 141 were sessile and 45 pedunculated. Most of the polyps were located in the rectum (n = 88), sigmoid (n = 63), and cecum (n = 9). The remaining adenomas were situated in other parts of the colon. Sessile polyps were removed using the piecemeal technique. RESULTS: Histology results showed an adenoma in 167 cases, and invasive carcinoma was present in the adenoma in 19 patients. Of the adenomas, 29 were tubulous, 118 tubulovillous, and 20 villous; adenoma with severe dysplasia was found in 49 cases. Complete endoscopic removal was achieved in all sessile and pedunculated polyps. None of the patients with invasive carcinoma who underwent surgical resection (n = 10) had any evidence of tumor in the resected specimen. Bleeding occurred in 4 patients after polypectomy (2 percent). Perforation occurred in 1 patient (0.5 percent), who had an invasive carcinoma of the cecum. There was no procedure-related mortality. During a mean follow-up period of 40 (range, 3-87) months, 6 patients presented with recurrence of a benign adenoma (3 percent), which was treated endoscopically, and 1 patient presented with a recurrent invasive carcinoma, which was treated surgically. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic polypectomy is a safe and effective method of treating large colorectal polyps.     

Large sessile colonic adenomas: use of argon plasma coagulator to supplement piecemeal snare polypectomy

BACKGROUND: Residual adenoma is frequently found at the site of endoscopically resected large sessile adenomas on follow-up examination. We evaluated the efficacy of a thermal energy source, the argon plasma coagulator, to destroy visible residual adenoma after piecemeal resection of sessile polyps. METHODS: Seventy-seven piecemeal polypectomies with or without the use of argon plasma coagulator were analyzed retrospectively. All polyps were sessile, 20 mm or greater in size. The results from three groups of patients were compared. The study group was composed of patients who had visible residual adenoma after piecemeal polypectomy and had the base of the polypectomy site treated with the argon plasma coagulator. The first comparison group consisted of patients who underwent standard piecemeal polypectomy in whom the colonoscopist thought that all adenomatous tissue was removed and no further treatment was necessary. The second comparison group included patients in whom visible residual adenoma was left at the base after piecemeal resection of large adenomas. Follow-up colonoscopy was performed approximately 6 months after the initial procedure to check for recurrent/residual adenomatous tissue. RESULTS: The argon plasma coagulator was used after 30 piecemeal polypectomies in an attempt to eradicate visible residual adenomatous tissue; at follow-up, 50% of these cases had complete eradication of adenoma. The group in whom all visible tumor was removed by piecemeal polypectomy alone had an adenoma eradication rate of 54% on follow-up colonoscopy. In the patients in whom visible residual adenoma was left at the site the recurrence rate was 100% on the follow-up examination. Bleeding necessitating endoscopic therapy occurred once (3.3%) in the argon plasma coagulator group; there were four (12.5%) bleeding episodes and one (3.1%) confined retroperitoneal perforation in the complete piecemeal polypectomy group and no complications in the group in which polypectomy was incomplete. CONCLUSIONS: Argon plasma coagulator ablation of residual adenomatous tissue at the polypectomy base is safe and useful. It helps to complete the eradication of large sessile polyps when there is visible evidence of residual polyp.     

Long-term follow-up after polypectomy treatment for adenoma-like dysplastic lesions in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: A previously published study by our group suggested that adenoma-like dysplasia-associated lesions or masses (DALMs) in ulcerative colitis (UC) may be treated adequately by polypectomy and continued endoscopic surveillance. The length of follow-up evaluation in these patients averaged only 42 months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of our previously defined group of UC patients, all with adenoma-like DALMs, who were treated by polypectomy. METHODS: The clinical, endoscopic, and pathologic outcome of 34 UC patients, 24 with an adenoma-like DALM, and 10 with a coincidental sporadic adenoma, 28 of whom were treated by polypectomy and continued endoscopic surveillance, and 6 by colonic resection, were compared with the outcome of 49 non-UC patients who were treated similarly for a sporadic adenoma. The mean length of follow-up evaluation averaged 82.1 months and 71.8 months for the 2 UC subgroups, respectively, and 60.4 months for the non-UC controls. RESULTS: Overall, 20 of 34 UC patients (58.8%) developed at least one further adenoma-like DALM on follow-up evaluation. One patient had flat low-grade dysplasia present in the colon, which was resected within 6 months of the initial polypectomy, and another patient, with primary sclerosing cholangitis, developed adenocarcinoma 7.5 years after her initial polypectomy. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of polyp formation on follow-up evaluation between UC patients with an adenoma-like DALM (62.5%) and UC patients with a sporadic adenoma (50%), or between either of these 2 UC patient subgroups and the non-UC sporadic adenoma patient group (49%; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: UC patients who develop an adenoma-like DALM may be treated adequately by polypectomy with complete excision and continued endoscopic surveillance.     

Prognostic factors in colorectal carcinomas arising in adenomas: implications for lesions removed by endoscopic polypectomy

Endoscopic polypectomy has become the preferred technique for the removal of most colorectal adenomas. Whether polypectomy alone or segmental colectomy is the appropriate management of the patient whose adenoma contains carcinoma is a controversial issue. We studied 129 colorectal carcinomas that arose in adenomas and in which invasion was no deeper than the submucosa of the underlying colonic wall. The following factors were evaluated: location; gross appearance (sessile versus pedunculated); histologic type of adenoma (tubular, villous, mixed); grade of carcinoma; level of invasion (0--carcinoma confined to the mucosa, 1--head, 2--neck, 3--stalk, 4--submucosa of underlying colonic wall); vascular invasion; and adequacy of excisional margins. Patients were divided into two groups with respect to outcome: adverse (dead from colorectal carcinoma, alive with colorectal carcinoma or positive nodes on colectomy), and favorable (absence of above). Sixty-three patients were treated by polypectomy alone and 66 by colectomy (21 preceded by polypectomy); there were no operative deaths. Mean follow-up was 81 mo. None of 65 patients with carcinoma confined to the mucosa had an adverse outcome, but 8 of 64 patients with invasive carcinoma did. Level 4 invasion (p less than 0.001) and rectal location (p = 0.025) were the only statistically significant adverse prognostic factors. Seven of 28 level 4 lesions and six of 42 rectal lesions had an adverse outcome; level 4 lesions were overrepresented in the rectum (14 of 42; p = 0.032). We conclude that the level of invasion should be the major factor in determining prognosis for the management of carcinoma arising in an adenoma.     

Colonoscopy surveillance for high risk polyps does not always prevent colorectal cancer

AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). METHODS Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for CRC were excluded from the study. Factors associated with CRC developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. RESULTS84/4610(1.8%) patients developed CRC at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years(mean 4.89 years), and 1.2%(54/4610) developed CRC in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years(mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30%(25/84) of patients who developed CRC at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8%(15/54) of patients who developed CRC at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for CRC developmentat the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC development at a different site. CONCLUSION Recognition that CRC may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of CRC related morbidity and mortality.     

腺瘤性息肉的癌变及治疗

为探讨已癌变的结肠腺瘤性息肉的最佳治疗选择，回顾性总结了内镜诊断和治疗的３１４例腺瘤性息肉中３７例癌变息肉的结果。３７例中为管状腺瘤癌变者２５例（占８．９％），绒毛状腺瘤癌变者１１例（占３６．３％），混合性腺瘤癌变１例。１８例仅行内镜下电切，电切后又追加手术８例，手术切除１１例。分期为原位癌１２例，早期浸润癌１３例，浸润癌１２例。１９例手术及术后病理证实的淋巴结转移者３例（１５．７％），包括１例绒毛状腺瘤恶变的早期浸润癌和２例浸润癌。认为除原位癌外，对电切后病理证实的早期浸润癌或浸润性癌，只要无手术禁忌，应追加外科手术治疗为妥。     

Colorectal cancer in patients under close colonoscopic surveillance

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Colonoscopic polypectomy is considered effective for preventing colorectal cancer (CRC), but the incidence of cancer in patients under colonoscopic surveillance has rarely been investigated. We determined the incidence of CRC in patients under colonoscopic surveillance and examined the circumstances and risk factors for CRC and adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. METHODS: Patients were drawn from 3 adenoma chemoprevention trials. All underwent baseline colonoscopy with removal of at least one adenoma and were deemed free of remaining lesions. We identified patients subsequently diagnosed with invasive cancer or adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. The timing, location, and outcome of all cases of cancer and high-grade dysplasia identified are described and risks associated with their development explored. RESULTS: CRC was diagnosed in 19 of the 2915 patients over a mean follow-up of 3.7 years (incidence, 1.74 cancers/1000 person-years). The cancers were located in all regions of the colon; 10 were at or proximal to the hepatic flexure. Although most of the cancers (84%) were of early stage, 2 participants died of CRC. Seven patients were diagnosed with adenoma with high-grade dysplasia during follow-up. Older patients and those with a history of more adenomas were at higher risk of being diagnosed with invasive cancer or adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: CRC is diagnosed in a clinically important proportion of patients following complete colonoscopy and polypectomy. More precise and representative estimates of CRC incidence and death among patients undergoing surveillance examinations are needed.