ERCP与MRCP诊断恶性胆管狭窄价值的Meta分析

目的系统评价磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)诊断恶性胆管狭窄的临床价值。方法检索Pub Med、Medine、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库,筛选出有关MRCP、ERCP诊断胆管恶性狭窄或梗阻的文献,提取真阳性数、真阴性数、假阳性数及假阴性数等数据,评价指标包括敏感性、特异性、似然比及比值比,采用拟合受试者工作特征(SROC)曲线得出曲线下面积(AUC)及Q值,分析MRCP、ERCP影像学及ERCP细胞学三种检查方法的诊断价值。结果共纳入19篇文章,总病例数1 572例。MRCP、ERCP影像学及ERCP细胞学诊断恶性胆管狭窄的合并敏感性、特异性分别为0. 85和0. 94、0. 90和0. 85、0. 51和0. 99。结论MRCP及ERCP诊断恶性胆管狭窄的准确性相当,ERCP细胞学合并特异性明显高于其他检查方法,对高度怀疑胆管恶性肿瘤者具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

超声内镜诊断胆总管结石的临床价值分析

目的比较超声内镜（EUS）与B型超声波（US）、CT、磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）、内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）诊断胆总管结石的临床价值。方法对经手术及病理证实的96例胆总管结石患者的EUS、US、CT、MRCP、ERCP检查进行回顾性分析,比较其诊断胆总管结石的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）及准确率。结果 EUS诊断敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV及准确率均显著高于US（P〈0.05）,敏感性和准确率均显著高于CT（P〈0.05）,各项诊断指标与MRCP和ERCP比较无显著差异。结论 EUS诊断胆总管结石具有准确性和安全性高等优点,与US、CT、MRCP及ERCP相比具有一定优势。     

影像学检查在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的意义

目的　分析评价多种影像学检查在慢性胰腺炎诊断中的作用 ,有助于慢性胰腺炎的诊断。方法　回顾性总结北京协和医院 1991～ 2 0 0 0年间确诊的慢性胰腺炎患者 12 9例 ,分析体外超声 (US)、计算机X线断层摄影 (CT)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)、超声内镜 (EUS)及磁共振胰胆管显影 (MR CP)在诊断慢性胰腺炎中的作用。结果　①EUS和MRCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性高 ,与ERCP的一致性较好。②ERCP的敏感性显著高于US与CT(P <0 .0 5 )。③US对胰管扩张检出的敏感性与特异性为 5 9.4 %与 93.8% ,CT分别为 6 0 .0 %与 95 .7%。④胰管病变重度组ERCP与BT PABA的一致率(87.5 % )较轻 中度组 (6 6 .7% )高。⑤慢性胰腺炎并发症越多 ,胰管病变程度越重。结论　在传统检查中 ,ERCP诊断慢性胰腺炎的敏感性最高 ;新近开展的EUS和MRCP敏感性高 ,且与ERCP有较好的一致性 ,是很有前途的检查方法     

多种内镜检查方法联合应用对胆管狭窄性疾病的诊断价值

目的评估多种内镜检查方法联合应用对胆管狭窄性疾病的诊疗价值。方法回顾性分析36例胆管狭窄性疾病患者的诊断情况。36例患者均进行了超声内镜检查术（EUS）、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、胆管内超声检查术（IDUS）,胆道靶向刷检行细胞学涂片、液基薄层细胞学检查,并结合临床资料及组织学病理检查,综合诊断。结果最终诊断胆管恶性病变21例,其中胆管细胞癌9例、十二指肠乳头癌4例、胰腺癌侵犯胆总管4例、肝癌侵犯胆总管4例;胆管良性病变15例,其中胆总管结石9例、肝吸虫感染所致胆管狭窄4例、单纯胆管炎性狭窄1例、外部压迫所致胆管狭窄1例。EUS、ERCP、IDUS及ERCP＋IDUS对胆管狭窄性疾病鉴别诊断的准确率分别为77．8％、88．9％、91．7％、94．4％,ERCP、IDUS及ERCP＋IDUS均明显高于EUS（P均〈0．05）;ERCP＋IDUS对胆管狭窄性疾病鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为95．2％、93．3％、95．2％、93．3％,均高于EUS、ERCP及IDUS单独检查。胆道刷检细胞学、液基薄层细胞学或组织病理学检查,19例诊断为恶性狭窄,17例诊断为良性狭窄,对鉴别胆管狭窄性质诊断的敏感度为90．5％、特异度为100．0％、准确率为94．4％。结论对于胆管狭窄性病变,ERCP＋IDUS可使诊断准确率得到明显提高;联合应用ERCP＋IDUS＋病变胆管的靶向刷检等多种内镜检查方法,诊断准确率更高。     

磁共振胰胆管造影、超声内镜与逆行胰胆管造影诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值

目的：比较磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）、超声内镜（EUS）与内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）诊断阻塞性黄疸的价值。方法：39例阻塞性黄疸患者分别行MRCP、EUS和ERCP。MRCP采用重T2加权及超快速自旋回波水成像技术进行,EUS和ERCP按常规进行。结果：MRCP、EUS与ERCP诊断准确率分别为87．2％（34／39例）、94．9％（37／39例）和97．4％（38／39例）;对恶性狭窄的诊断准确率分别为61．5％（8／13例）、84．6％（11／13例）和92．3％（12／13例）;对胆总管结石的诊断准确率均为100．0％（21／21例）。结论：MRCP为无创性检查,在明确阻塞性黄疸病因时可作为首选方法,目前尚不能取代ERCP。EUS作为诊断胆、胰系统疾病的重要方法,与MRCP和ERCP结合,能提高阻塞性黄疸诊断 的准确率。     

超声内镜与磁共振胰胆管成像对胆总管泥沙样结石的诊断价值

目的 本研究旨在探讨超声内镜(EUS)与磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)在胆总管泥沙样结石诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2023年4月于保定市第一中心医院住院治疗的疑似胆总管泥沙样结石患者192例,经纳入与排除标准筛选,最终纳入182例患者作为研究对象。所有患者首先进行MRCP检查,若MRCP结果提示泥沙样结石则直接行内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)检查,其余患者依次行EUS和ERCP。以ERCP造影联合乳头括约肌切开取石(EST)作为诊断胆总管泥沙样结石的金标准,将各项检查结果与取石结果进行比较。结果 EUS、MRCP和EUS联合MRCP检出胆总管泥沙样结石的阳性率分别为81.76%、65.38%和86.49%;在经ERCP下EST所证实的阳性结果中,EUS检出胆总管泥沙样结石的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为93.08%、83.33%和91.89%;MRCP为72.56%、77.78%和73.08%;EUS联合MRCP为98.46%、88.89%和97.30%。结论 EUS和MRCP在胆总管泥沙样结石的诊断中都具有一定潜力,但EUS在准确性方面更具优势。EUS联合MRCP可...     

内镜超声在非确定性胆总管结石经内镜 逆行胰胆管造影术前的应用价值

目的研究非确定性胆总管结石患者在经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP）术前行内镜超声检查术（endoscopic ultrasound,EUS）的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月—2019年12月天津市南开医院因临床表现和磁共振胰胆管成像术（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP）结果不相符的132例非确定性胆总管结石患者的资料。将患者分为A、B两组：A组MRCP显示有结石、临床表现可疑无结石,B组MRCP显示无结石、临床表现可疑有结石。患者均行EUS,根据EUS结果决定是否行ERCP,以ERCP结果和随访结果为金标准分析EUS的诊断准确率。结果132例患者经诊断金标准最终确认胆总管结石阳性87例,阴性45例。44例（33.3%）患者EUS阴性,经随访结果确认无结石,避免了不必要的ERCP。EUS诊断胆总管结石的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.40%（83/87）、97.78%（44/45）、96.21%（127/132）、98.81%（83/84）、91.67%（44/48）,MRCP诊断胆总管结石的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为66.67%（58/87）、82.22%（37/45）、71.97%（95/132）、87.88%（58/66）、56.06%（37/66）。两者灵敏度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值相比,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。EUS对胆总管结石的诊断和最终诊断结果具有显著一致性（Kappa=0.917,P＜0.001）,MRCP对胆总管结石的诊断和最终诊断结果一致性较好（Kappa=0.439,P＜0.001）。EUS对A组MRCP假阳性的检出率高于对B组MRCP假阴性的检出率[8/8比89.66%（26/29）,P＜0.001]。结论EUS对非确定性胆总管结石的诊断优于MRCP,ERCP术前应用EUS可减少不必要的ERCP操作或避免结石遗漏。     

EUS和MRCP对胆总管结石的诊断价值

目的比较超声内镜(EUS)和磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆总管结石的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2013年4月我院诊治的65例胆总管扩张患者的临床资料,比较分析EUS、MRCP检查结果,比较两者对胆总管下段结石诊断的准确率、敏感性及特异性。结果 65例患者中,经手术或ERCP证实合并胆总管结石56例,EUS和MRCP诊断胆总管结石准确率分别为93.8%和83.1%,敏感性分别为94.6%和85.7%,特异性分别为88.9%和66.7%。通过计算Youden指数,JEUS=0.89;JMRCP=0.76,说明EUS在胆总管结石的诊断价值要高于MRCP。结论 EUS诊断胆总管结石较MRCP具有敏感性、特异性及准确性高的优势。     

超声内镜对胆总管小结石的诊断价值

为评估超声内镜检查术（endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS）对胆总管小结石的诊断价值,纳入2018年1月—2021年7月在东南大学附属中大医院住院并诊断为可疑胆总管结石的患者60例。所有患者于同一次住院期间行EUS及磁共振胰胆管成像（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP）。以经内镜逆行胰胆管造影、开腹探查或腹腔镜胆总管探查结果为金标准,比较EUS及MRCP对胆总管结石的诊断结果,计算2种检查方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果显示,60例患者中46例确诊胆总管结石,EUS诊断准确43例,MRCP诊断准确35例;14例患者证实胆总管结石阴性,EUS诊断准确12例,MRCP诊断准确13例。EUS诊断灵敏度明显高于MRCP［93.48%（43/46）比76.09%（35/46）,χ2=4.128,P=0.042］。结石直径≤1.0 cm者45例,其中EUS确诊42例,MRCP确诊34例（诊断准确率93.33%比75.56%,χ2=4.145,P=0.042）;直径≤0.8 cm者39例,其中EUS确诊36例,MRCP确诊28例（诊断准确率92.31%比71.79%,χ2=4.266,P=0.039）;直径≤0.5 cm者26例,其中EUS确诊24例,MRCP确诊16例（诊断准确率92.31%比61.54%,χ2=5.038,P=0.021）。在胆总管结石的诊断方面,EUS有明显的诊断优势,且诊断准确性不受结石大小的影响,因此对于临床高度怀疑胆总管结石但MRCP结果阴性的患者,需进一步行EUS。     

超声内镜对胆总管良恶性狭窄的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)对胆总管良恶性狭窄的鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析39例临床上疑为胆总管狭窄患者EUS检查结果,并与B超、核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)检查结果进行比较,根据患者临床资料、组织病理或细胞学诊断及随访结果(≥4 mo)综合确定诊断患者胆总管狭窄的良恶性,从而对比分析EUS对胆总管良恶性狭窄鉴别诊断的价值.结果:39例胆管狭窄患者中恶性病变30例,良性病变9例.EUS、MRI、B超对胆总管良恶性狭窄鉴别诊断的准确率分别为92.3%、76.9%、61.8%,三种方法诊断的准确率比较差异有统计学意义,以EUS最高(P0.05);EUS对胆管狭窄性疾病鉴别诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为:96.4%、81.2%、93.1%、90.0%;三种检查相比,敏感性、阴性预测值差异有统计学意义,以EUS最高(均P0.05);特异性、阳性预测值差异无统计学意义(均P0.05).39例患者中4例行超声内镜下细针穿刺(endoscopic ultrasound-guided fineneedle aspiration,EUS-FNA)取得组织病理或细胞学诊断,诊断准确率为100%,与EUS、MRI、B超相比差异有统计学意义,EUSFAN明显高于其他三种检查方法(P0.05).结论:EUS对胆总管良恶性狭窄鉴别诊断率较B超、MRI高,其对胆总管良恶性狭窄鉴别诊断率有一定的提高作用.     

Endoscopic ultrasonography can diagnose distal biliary strictures without a mass on computed tomography

AIM:To assess the diagnostic ability of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)for evaluating causes of dista biliary strictures shown on endoscopic retrograde chol angiopancreatography(ERCP)or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP),even without iden tifiable mass on computed tomography(CT). METHODS:The diagnostic ability of EUS was retro spectively analyzed and compared with that of routine cytology(RC)and tumor markers in 34 patients with distal biliary strictures detected by ERCP or MRCP a Dokkyo Medi...     

Can endoscopic ultrasound or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography replace ERCP in patients with suspected biliary disease? A prospective trial and cost analysis

OBJECTIVES: ERCP is the gold standard for pancreaticobiliary evaluation but is associated with complications. Less invasive diagnostic alternatives with similar capabilities may be cost-effective, particularly in situations involving low prevalence of disease. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ERCP in the same patients with suspected extrahepatic biliary disease. The economic outcomes of EUS-, MRCP-, and ERCP-based diagnostic strategies were evaluated. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients referred for ERCP with suspected biliary disease. MRCP and EUS were performed within 24 h before ERCP. The investigators were blinded to the results of the alternative imaging studies. A cost-utility analysis was performed for initial ERCP, MRCP, and EUS strategies for these patients. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were studied. ERCP cholangiogram failed in one patient, and another patient did not complete MRCP because of claustrophobia. The final diagnoses (N = 28) were CBD stone (mean = 4 mm; range = 3-6 mm) in five patients; biliary stricture in three patients, and normal biliary tree in 20. Two patients had pancreatitis after therapeutic ERCP, one after precut sphincterotomy followed by a normal cholangiogram. EUS was more sensitive than MRCP in the detection of choledocolithiasis (80% vs 40%), with similar specificity. MRCP had a poor specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of biliary stricture (76%/25%) compared to EUS (100%/100%), with similar sensitivity. The overall accuracy of MRCP for any abnormality was 61% (95% CI = 0.41-0.78) compared to 89% (CI = 0.72-0.98) for EUS. Among those patients with a normal biliary tree, the proportion correctly identified with each test was 95% for EUS and 65% for MRCP (p < 0.02). The cost for each strategy per patient evaluated was $1346 for ERCP, $1111 for EUS, and $1145 for MRCP. CONCLUSIONS: In this patient population with a low disease prevalence, EUS was superior to MRCP for choledocholithiasis. EUS was most useful for confirming a normal biliary tree and should be considered a low-risk alternative to ERCP. Although MRCP had the lowest procedural reimbursement, the initial EUS strategy had the greatest cost-utility by avoiding unnecessary ERCP examinations.     

Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage in surgically altered anatomy: A comprehensive review of various approaches

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the preferred modality for drainage of the obstructed biliary tree. In patients with surgically altered anatomy, ERCP using standard techniques may not be feasible. Enteroscope assisted ERCP is usually employed with variable success rate. With advent of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), biliary drainage procedures in patients with biliary obstruction and surgically altered anatomy is safe and effective. In this narrative review, we discuss role of EUS guided biliary drainage in patients with altered anatomy and the various approaches used in patients with benign and malignant biliary obstruction.     

Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in acute pancreatitis

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （ERCP） is a useful tool in the evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis. This review will focus on the role of ERCP in specific causes of acute pancreatitis, including microlithiasis and gallstone disease, pancreas divisum, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, tumors of the pancreaticobiliary tract, pancreatic pseudocysts, and pancreatic duct injury. Indications for endoscopic techniques such as biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy, stenting, stricture dilation, treatment of duct leaks, drainage of fluid collections and stone extraction will also be discussed in this review. With the advent of less invasive and safer diagnostic modalities including endoscopic ultrasound （EUS） and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography （MRCP）, ERCP is appropriately becoming a therapeutic rather than diagnostic tool in the management of acute pancreatitis and its complications.     

Safety and Utility of Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography for the Evaluation of Pancreatobiliary Diseases

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are essential for diagnosing and treating pancreatobiliary diseases. Single-session EUS and ERCP are considered to be essential in reducing the duration of hospital stays; however, complications are a primary concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-session EUS and ERCP. Sixty-eight patients underwent single-session EUS and ERCP at a tertiary referral center between June 2008 and December 2012. We retrospectively reviewed patient data from a prospectively maintained EUS-ERCP database and evaluated the procedural characteristics and complications. Thirty-eight patients (56%) underwent diagnostic EUS, and 30 patients (44%) underwent EUS fine-needle aspiration, which had an overall accuracy of 100%. Sixty patients (89%) underwent therapeutic ERCP, whereas the remaining eight procedures were diagnostic. Thirteen patients underwent biliary stone extraction, and 48 underwent biliary drainage. The median total procedural time was 75 minutes. Complications were observed in seven patients (10%). Six complications were post-ERCP pancreatitis, which were resolved using conservative management. One patient developed Mallory-Weiss syndrome, which required endoscopic hemostasis. No sedation-related cardiopulmonary complications were observed. Single-session EUS and ERCP provided accurate diagnosis and effective management with a minimal complication rate.     

Imaging tests for accurate diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis

Gallstones represent the most frequent aetiology of acute pancreatitis in many statistics all over the world, estimated between 40%-60%. Accurate diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis(ABP) is of outmost importance because clearance of lithiasis [gallbladder and common bile duct(CBD)] rules out recurrences. Confirmation of biliary lithiasis is done by imaging. The sensitivity of the ultrasonography(US) in the detection of gallstones is over 95% in uncomplicated cases, but in ABP, sensitivity for gallstone detection is lower, being less than 80% due to the ileus and bowel distension. Sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography(TUS) for choledocolithiasis varies between 50%-80%, but the specificity is high, reaching 95%. Diameter of the bile duct may be orientative for diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) seems to be a more effectivetool to diagnose ABP rather than endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP),which should be performed only for therapeutic purposes.As the sensitivity and specificity of computerized tomography are lower as compared to state-of-the-art magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)or EUS,especially for small stones and small diameter of CBD,the later techniques are nowadays preferred for the evaluation of ABP patients.ERCP has the highest accuracy for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and is used as a reference standard in many studies,especially after sphincterotomy and balloon extraction of CBD stones.Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a useful tool for the intraoperative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.Routine exploration of the CBD in cases of patients scheduled for cholecystectomy after an attack of ABP was not proven useful.A significant rate of the so-called idiopathic pancreatitis is actually caused by microlithiasis and/or biliary sludge.In conclusion,the general algorithm for CBD stone detection starts with anamnesis,serum biochemistry and then TUS,followed by EUS or MRCP.In the end,bile duct microscopic analysis may be performed by bile harvested during ERCP in case of recurrent attacks of ABP and these should be followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

EUS Yield in Evaluating Biliary Dilatation in Patients with Normal Serum Liver Enzymes

The finding of common bile duct (CBD) dilatation on abdominal imaging frequently results in additional testing. It has been our impression that endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of a dilated CBD is a low-yield examination in the setting of normal serum liver enzymes. We therefore sought to evaluate the EUS yield in evaluating CBD dilatation in patients with normal as compared to elevated serum liver enzymes. A retrospective review was performed to identify patients referred for EUS evaluation of a dilated CBD in the absence of obvious pathology on prior imaging. Charts were reviewed for patient symptoms, presence of elevated serum liver enzymes, imaging studies before EUS, and EUS findings. Exclusion criteria included clinical jaundice, known biliary stricture, mass lesion or stone, and previously sphincterotomy and/or stent placement. Forty-seven patients were identified: 32 with normal and 15 with elevated serum liver enzymes. There was no difference in mean CBD diameter between these two groups (8.51 vs. 8.79 mm, p=0.854). Of the entire group, 15 patients had undergone prior magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP); an additional 7 patients had undergone prior endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). EUS findings to explain CBD dilatation were found more commonly in patients with elevated compared with normal serum liver enzymes (53% vs. 6%, p=0.001). Periampullary diverticula and choledocholithiasis were the most common findings; of 32 patients with normal serum liver enzymes, one periampullary diverticulum and one CBD stone were found, respectively. The CBD stone had been missed by prior MRCP examination. Of 15 patients with elevated serum liver enzymes, there were 3 cases of choledocholithiasis, 4 periampullary diverticula, and 1 ampullary tumor. EUS should be the test of choice for further evaluation of CBD dilatation when index imaging is normal. Although the EUS yield is low in cases of biliary dilatation in the setting of normal serum liver enzymes, its preferential use would potentially avoid unnecessary MRCP and ERCP.     

经内镜诊治肝移植术后胆道远期并发症

目的：探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)在诊断和治疗肝移植患者胆道远期并发症中的应用。方法：肝移植术后出现胆道远期并发症患者6例，共行ERCP 12次，根据患者的情况进行扩张、内镜下乳头切开取石、内支架置入等治疗。结果：1例胆总管结石行乳头切开后取石成功，1例胆道狭窄在胆道扩张后胆道梗阻症状解除，4例胆道狭窄合并胆总管结石的狭窄近端结石经乳头切开取出，狭窄远端结石行胆道扩张、内支架置入等治疗后取出。所有患者经治疗后胆红素、碱性磷酸酶等酶学指标均有不同程度的下降，无严重并发症发生。结论：ERCP是诊断和治疗肝移植患者胆道远期并发症安全、有效的手段。