~(125)I放射性粒子植入治疗不可切除胰腺癌的研究进展

近年来~(125)放射性粒子植入治疗不可切除胰腺癌迅猛发展,临床实践表明,它在缓解患者疼痛,局部控制肿瘤进展,延长患者生存时间等方面具有良好效果。介绍了~(125)放射性粒子的物理、生物学特性及治疗优缺点,以及~(125)放射性粒子植入治疗不可切除胰腺癌的治疗方法、手术安全性、临床治疗效果等。认为作为一种切实有效的治疗方案,有条件的医疗单位应积极推广应用。     

放射性~(125)I粒子治疗食管鳞癌的安全性及疗效

目的:探讨125I粒子在体内外对人ESCC的疗效和作用机制以及植入治疗胸段中晚期食管鳞癌(ESCC)的安全性及疗效.方法:细胞及动物实验:125I粒子植入体外培养的人食管鳞癌Eca-109细胞,分A组不加粒子(对照组);B组0.2mCi(低剂量组);C组0.4mCi(中剂量组);D组0.8mCi(高剂量组).分析细胞克隆形成率、细胞凋亡指数和细胞周期分布情况;建立裸鼠皮下移植性食管癌模型后,对照组(A组,不做任何处理)、假手术组(B组,穿刺瘤体1次,但不植入粒子)、低剂量组(C组,0.2mCi)、中剂量组(D组,0.4mCi)和高剂量组(E组,0.8mCi),计算各组抑瘤率.临床试验:前瞻性研究,入组时间为2000-2004年.根据ESCC术前CT分期标准,298例Ⅱ-Ⅲ期胸段ESCC患者随机分为术中联合125I粒子植入组及单纯手术组.依据TPS所确定的剂量,A组术中直视下植入125I粒子.选用0.5mCi的125I粒子20-40粒,总活度在10-30mCi,肿瘤匹配周边剂量60-70Gy,术后行粒子验证和质量评估.观察患者术后并发症、监测局部复发情况、评价患者疗效.结果:细胞克隆形成率B、C、D组均低于A组...     

CT引导下经皮植入125I放射性粒子治疗肺癌探讨

目的探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺植入125I放射性粒子治疗肺癌的临床疗效、可行性及安全性。方法共67例肺癌91个病灶行CT引导下经皮植入125I放射性粒子。病灶位于肺部58个,肺外33个。采用0.5～0.8mCi(1mCi=37MBq)活度的125I粒子,处方剂量选择110～160Gy。术前通过放射性粒子治疗计划系统(TPS)制定治疗计划。结果91个病灶CR23个,PR60个,SD8个,无PD,有效率91.2%。主要并发症有气胸、少量咯血。结论CT引导下经皮植入125I放射性粒子治疗肺癌近期疗效确切、并发症轻,可作为肺癌多学科综合治疗中的一个方法。     

碘-125粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌的剂量学

放射性粒子植入为肝癌的治疗提供了一条新的有效的途径,尤其是碘-125粒子的应用,在世界范围内引起了越来越多的学者的兴趣;然而其剂量学上却没有一个统一的标准.为提高碘-125粒子治疗肝癌的疗效、保护肿瘤周围正常组织器官,有必要对碘-125粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌的剂量学进行前瞻性研究,寻找其最佳处方剂量和粒子的最佳活度.     

冷冻联合125I粒子植入治疗局部进展性胰腺癌

目的 探讨冷冻联合125I粒子植入治疗局部进展性胰腺癌的价值.方法 49例无法手术切除的进展性胰腺癌患者,予以术中或经皮冷冻治疗;同时或术后植入125I粒子.部分患者术后接受腹腔动脉灌注化学治疗.对治疗效果、不良反应及患者存活期进行分析.结果 分别有13、36例患者行术中和经皮冷冻治疗.35例患者同时植入125I粒子,另14例则在冷冻术后实施.20例患者接受局部化学治疗.治疗3个月后,CT检查多数患者肿瘤不同程度坏死,其中完全缓解(CR)占20.4%、部分缓解(PR)38.8%、病情稳定(SD)30.6%、病情进展(PD)10.2%.主要不良反应包括上腹痛、血清淀粉酶升高;6例并发急性胰腺炎,其中1例属重症.经相关处理,均得到有效控制.无一例因治疗而死亡.随访中位时间18个月(5～40个月),中位存活期为16.21个月,有26例(53.1%)存活期≥12个月,8例存活期≥24个月.6、12,24和36个月时的平均存活率分别为94.1%、53.1%、22.8%和9.5%.最长的1例存活>46个月,无肿瘤复发征象.结论 冷冻治疗的创伤性小,且不良反应发生率低,可作为局部进展性胰腺癌患者的首选疗法.联合应用125I粒子植入能获得更佳效果.     

CT引导下经皮植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子治疗肺癌探讨

目的探讨CT导引下经皮穿刺植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子治疗肺癌的临床疗效、可行性及安全性。方法共67例肺癌91个病灶行CT引导下经皮植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子。病灶位于肺部58个，肺外33个。采用0．5～0．8mCi（1mCi=37MBq）活度的^125Ⅰ粒子，处方剂量选择110～160Gy。术前通过放射性粒子治疗计划系统（TPS）制定治疗计划。结果91个病灶CR 23个，PR 60个，SD 8个，无PD，有效率91．2％。主要并发症有气胸、少量咯血。结论CT引导下经皮植入^125Ⅰ放射性粒子治疗肺癌近期疗效确切、并发症轻，可作为肺癌多学科综合治疗中的一个方法。     

125I粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的实验研究

目的 探讨125I粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的有效性.方法 Balb/c裸鼠腋下接种人胰腺癌SW1990细胞.按植入剂量不同将成瘤后裸鼠分为对照组和50 Gy、100 Gy、150 Gy、200 Gy组,每4 d测量肿瘤体积,21 d后处死裸鼠,称瘤重,计算肿瘤抑制率,常规病理检查,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞.结果 对照组、50 Gy组、100 Gy组、150 Gy组及200 Gy组抑瘤率分别为0、(42.8±16.2)%、(55.1±22.3)%、(72.8±12.8)%及(75.6±8.6)%;以粒子为中心的肿瘤坏死面积分别为(6.3±2.1)%、(20.8±3.2)%、(36.3±3.1)%、(64.1±2.8)% 及(82.6±3.8)%;相对凋亡指数分别为1、2.07±0.57、2.75±0.33、4.64±0.45及7.04±0.34,各治疗组均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 125I粒子组织间植入可显著抑制肿瘤生长,放射粒子具有直接杀死肿瘤细胞和诱导凋亡双重作用.     

腹腔镜联合射频消融和125I粒子治疗肝转移癌

目的探讨腹腔镜切除并联合应用射频消融和^125I粒子植入治疗肝转移癌的临床价值。方法对62例术前经CT或MR确诊肝脏有转移灶的患者，行腹腔镜下肝转移瘤切除或射频消融，最后将^125粒子植入肝脏肿瘤部位。结果术中超声发现新病灶17个，所有患者均顺利行腹腔镜切除或射频消融及^125粒子植入。2例术后出现肝脓肿，1例术后发生腹腔少量出血，余无严重并发症。^125个转移病灶位于肝脏右后内叶或巨大仅行腹腔镜下射频消融及^125粒子植入，22例患者的38个边缘转移病灶行离体切除。随访12～25个月（平均22．3个月），有12例转移癌未见液化，行腹腔镜下二次射频及^125粒子植入。1年生存率为74．2％（46／62），2年生存率为59．7％（37／62）。结论腹腔镜切除并联合应用射频消融和^125粒子植入治疗肝转移癌具有微创、安全、有效，术后恢复快等优点。     

125I放射性粒子植入治疗前列腺癌10例疗效观察

2007年7月-2008年1月,我院采用^125I放射性粒子植入治疗前列腺癌患者10例,术后随访5个月,疗效较满意。现报告如下。     

Treatment of portal vein tumor thrombus using ~(125)Iodine seed implantation brachytherapy

We reported two cases of liver metastasis with portal vein tumor thrombus that developed after liver transplantation for hepato cellular carcinoma (HCC). Both the patients were women aged 43 and 55 years, who had liver metastasis and portal vein tumor thrombus formation after liver transplantations for HCC. For the treatment of portal vein tumor thrombus, 125I seeds were implanted into the hepatic tissue under the guidance of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images with a total radiation dose of 130 Gy...     

^125Ⅰ粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的实验研究

目的探讨125I粒子组织间植入治疗胰腺癌的有效性。方法Balb/c裸鼠腋下接种人胰腺癌SW1990细胞。按植入剂量不同将成瘤后裸鼠分为对照组和50Gy、100Gy、150Gy、200Gy组,每4d测量肿瘤体积,21d后处死裸鼠,称瘤重,计算肿瘤抑制率,常规病理检查,TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果对照组、50Gy组、100Gy组、150Gy组及200Gy组抑瘤率分别为0、(42.8±16.2)%、(55.1±22.3)%、(72.8±12.8)%及(75.6±8.6)%;以粒子为中心的肿瘤坏死面积分别为(6.3±2.1)%、(20.8±3.2)%、(36.3±3.1)%、(64.1±2.8)%及(82.6±3.8)%;相对凋亡指数分别为1、2.07±0.57、2.75±0.33、4.64±0.45及7.04±0.34,各治疗组均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论125I粒子组织间植入可显著抑制肿瘤生长,放射粒子具有直接杀死肿瘤细胞和诱导凋亡双重作用。     

Progress in the treatment of pulmonary metastases after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Liver transplantation (LT) has become a curative treatment for patients with HCC. However, recurrence and metastasis after LT are the main factors reducing long-term survival in patients, and the lung is the most common site of metastasis after LT for HCC, although metastasis to liver, para-aortic lymph nodes and renal periphery are observed. Thus, the treatment of pulmonary metastases after LT for HCC has become a hot research topic, the successful treatment of pulmonary metastases can significantly prolong the survival of LT patients. Although single conventional treatment (chemotherapy, surgery and external beam radiation therapy), immunosuppression, image-guided minimally invasive therapy (radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, cryoablation, and brachytherapy) and molecular targeted drugs have had a significant effect, patients do not have durable remission and the long-term survival rate is disappointing. Therefore, improving existing treatments and identifying a more effective combination therapy are important research issues in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary metastases after LT for HCC. The paper reviewed single conventional treatments, new treatments, and combination therapy, to provide a basis for the best treatment of these patients.     

Cryotherapy for liver metastases

Cryotherapy is undergoing a renaissance in the treatment of nonresectable liver tumors. In a prospective case control study we assessed the morbidity, mortality, and efficacy of hepatic cryotherapy for liver metastases. Between January 1996 and September 1999 a total of 54 cryosurgical procedures were performed on 49 patients (median age 66 years, 21 women) with liver metastases. Patient, tumor, and operative details were recorded prospectively. Liver metastases originated from colorectal cancer (n=37), gastric cancer (n=3), renal cell carcinoma (n=2), and other primaries (n=7). Median follow-up was 13 months (1–32). The median number of liver metastases was 3 (range 1–10) with a median diameter of 3.9 cm (range 1.5–11). Twenty-one patients (43%) had cryoablation only, and 28 (57%) had liver resection in combination with cryoablation. One patient (2%) died within 30 postoperative days. Another 13 patients (27%) developed reversible complications. In 19 of 25 patients (76%) with preoperatively elevated serum CEA and colorectal metastases it returned to the normal range postoperatively. Twenty-eight patients (57%) developed tumor recurrence, eight of which with involvement of the cryosite. Overall median survival patients was 23 months, and survival in patients with colorectal metastases was 29 months. Hepatic cryotherapy is associated with tolerable morbidity and mortality. Efficacy is demonstrated by tumor marker results. Survival data are promising; however, long-term results must be provided to allow comparison with other treatment modalities. Accepted: 14 April 2000     

Aggressive liver resection including major-vessel resection for colorectal liver metastases

AIM: To clarify short- and long-term outcomes of combined resection of liver with major vessels in treating colorectal liver metastases.METHODS: Clinicopathologic data were evaluated for 312 patients who underwent 371 liver resections for metastases from colorectal cancer. Twenty-five patients who underwent resection and reconstruction of retrohepatic vena cava, major hepatic veins, or hepatic venous confluence during hepatectomies were compared with other patients, who underwent conventional liver resections.RESULTS: Morbidity was 20% (75/371) and mortality was 0.3% (1/312) in all patients after hepatectomy. Hepatic resection combined with major-vessel resection/reconstruction could be performed with acceptable morbidity (16%) and no mortality. By multivariate analysis, repeat liver resection (relative risk or RR, 5.690; P = 0.0008) was independently associated with resection/reconstruction of major vessels during hepatectomy, as were tumor size exceeding 30 mm (RR, 3.338; P = 0.0292) and prehepatectomy chemotherapy (RR, 3.485; P = 0.0083). When 312 patients who underwent a first liver resection for initial liver metastases were divided into those with conventional resection (n = 296) and those with combined resection of liver and major vessels (n = 16), overall survival and disease-free rates were significantly poorer in the combined resection group than in the conventional resection group (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). A similar tendency concerning overall survival was observed for conventional resection (n = 37) vs major-vessel resection combined with liver resection (n = 7) performed as a second resection following liver recurrences (P = 0.09). Combined major-vessel resection at first hepatectomy (not performed; 0.512; P = 0.0394) and histologic major-vessel invasion at a second hepatectomy (negative; 0.057; P = 0.0005) were identified as independent factors affecting survival by multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection including major-vessel resection/reconstruction for colorectal liver metastases can be performed with acceptable operative risk. However, such aggressive approaches are beneficial mainly in patients responding to effective prehepatectomy chemotherapy.     

中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南(V 2020)

肝脏是结直肠癌血行转移最主要的靶器官,结直肠癌肝转移是结直肠癌治疗的重点和难点之一.为了提高我国结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和综合治疗水平,自2008年开始编写《中国结直肠癌肝转移诊断和综合治疗指南》并后续进行了多次修订,以期指导对结直肠癌肝转移患者进行全面评估,个性化地制定治疗目标,开展相应的综合治疗,达到预防结直肠癌肝转移...     

125I粒子组织间植入对裸鼠食管癌移植瘤的影响

目的 研究125I放射性粒子组织间植入对于食管癌移植瘤的影响.方法 将人食管癌细胞Eca-109注入裸鼠腋侧皮下建立食管癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,随机分成对照组(牛理盐水+空心粒子)、125I粒子组(剂量22.2 MBq×1)和顺铂组(1 ms/kg).观察人食管癌移植瘤的生长情况和病理学改变.结果 术后16 d,对照组、125I粒了组、顺铂组的瘤块平均重量分别为(0.20±0.06)g,(0.12±0.03)g,(0.12±0.05)g,3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).病理结果,125I粒子组、顺铂组镜下可见变性、坏死的食管癌肿瘤细胞.125I粒子组、顺铂组肿瘤组织坏死范围大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 125I粒子植入可以引起食管癌移植瘤肿瘤组织变性、坏死,抑制肿瘤组织的生长.     

^32P放射性球囊血管内照射预防血管成形术后再狭窄的剂量学研究

目的：探讨^32P液体球囊血管内照射预防血管成形术后再狭窄的量效关系,及其抑制再狭窄发生的可能机制。方法：取24只大耳白兔,建立兔双侧髂动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型,随机选择一侧髂动脉血管成形术并分别给予9．1Gy、21．8Gy和33．4Gy ^32P液体球囊血管照射治疗,另一侧作为自身对照。术后5周行血管造影并取材进行光镜、电镜观察,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、抑癌基因P53免疫组织化学染色,用计算机图像分析其组织形态学改变。结果：9．1Gy组未观察到明显的生物效应;21．8Gy组血管壁平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移明显受抑,管腔面积无明显丢失;33．4Gy组管腔重度狭窄,内膜严重增厚,中膜平滑肌明显萎缩变薄,4例血管腔内血栓形成。结论：^32P液体球囊在一定的吸收剂量范围内确可安全有效地防止血管成形术后再狭窄形成,其机制可能为抑制新生内膜形成和管腔面积丢失;促进平滑肌细胞凋亡以及抑制血管负性重塑。     

Multi-modality treatment of colorectal liver metastases

Liver metastases synchronously or metachronously occur in approximately 50% of colorectal cancer patients. Multimodality comprehensive treatment is the best therapeutic strategy for these patients. However, the optimal pattern of multimodality therapy is still controversial, and it raises several significant concerns. Liver resection is the most important treatment for colorectal liver metastases. The definition of resectability has shifted to focus on the completion of R0 resection and normal liver function maintenance. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy still needs to be clarified. The management of either progression or complete remission during neoadjuvant chemotherapy is challenging. The optimal sequencing of surgery and chemotherapy in synchronous colorectal liver metastases patients is still unclear. Conversional chemotherapy, portal vein embolization, two-stage resection, and tumor ablation are effective approaches to improve resectability for initially unresectable patients. Several technical issues and concerns related to these methods need to be further explored. For patients with definitely unresectable liver disease, the necessity of resecting the primary tumor is still debatable, and evaluating and predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy deserve further investigation. This review discusses different patterns and important concerns of multidisciplinary treatment of colorectal liver metastases.