破裂椎动脉夹层动脉瘤早期介入栓塞治疗

目的:探讨破裂椎动脉夹层动脉瘤早期栓塞治疗方法及疗效。方法:22例破裂椎动脉夹层动脉瘤根据夹层动脉瘤形态以及与同侧小脑后下动脉(PICA)的关系,分别采用支架结合弹簧圈栓塞5例(其中2个以上支架叠加4例),单纯双支架治疗1例;弹簧圈闭塞近端椎动脉1例,动脉瘤及载瘤动脉闭塞15例。术后腰大池引流血性脑脊液,预防脑血管的痉挛。结果:本组22例患者中17例实施急诊手术(术中均未见出血和梗塞),5例限期手术;支架置入术6例,其中1例术后早期出现非动脉瘤性出血,但术后均恢复良好。单纯弹簧圈闭塞术16例,术后2例出现后组颅神经麻痹症状,1例高龄Ⅳ级患者放弃治疗出院。随访3个月-18个月,期间无再出血及脑梗塞发生,1例遗有后组颅神经麻痹症状;影像学随访14例,其中3例多支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗的载瘤动脉通畅、动脉瘤消失,11例动脉瘤及载瘤动脉闭塞的无再通,对侧椎动脉造影显示动脉瘤不显影。结论:破裂椎动脉夹层动脉瘤应尽早介入栓塞治疗。根据具体情况选择不同介入方法安全有效,双支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗方法应首先考虑。     

椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的:总结椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤的介入治疗策略及治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2012年10月-2015年8月徐州医学院附属医院介入科收治的16例颅内椎动脉夹层动脉瘤患者资料,就其介入治疗策略作回顾总结,通过数字减影脑血管造影及临床随访观察其治疗效果。结果:7例无蛛网膜下腔出血,9例临床表现为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血。采取椎动脉内支架之置入辅助弹簧圈栓塞12例,2例因夹层累及小脑后下动脉而将支架置于小脑后下动脉内后闭塞动脉瘤,2例采用闭塞载瘤动脉治疗。术后1例因急性脑积水行脑室腹腔分流术。15例恢复良好,死亡1例;6个月后7例DSA随访,未见动脉瘤显影。结论:积极采取保留或闭塞载瘤动脉的介入方法治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤取得较好的临床效果,远期效果需要进一步观察。     

出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的:总结出血性椎动脉夹层动脉瘤(ruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysms,RVDAs)的诊断和血管内治疗经验,探讨其血管内治疗方案的选择及疗效。方法:2006年3月至2008年3月我院采用血管内介入治疗RVDAs40例,其中内孤立术9例,支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞20例,双支架置入4例,覆膜支架置入7例。结果:39例患者随访3～24个月,平均12.4个月,临床症状均不同程度改善,无再出血。9例行内孤立术患者闭塞效果确切。支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞的20例患者中,11例致密填塞者夹层未见显影;7例支架辅助微弹簧圈大部填塞患者,5例夹层无改变,2例瘤体缩小;2例疏松填塞患者,瘤体缩小。4例行双支架置入者,DSA随访的2例示夹层病变局部血管管腔扩大,瘤体较术前缩小。7例行覆膜支架置入术,其中6例置入成功,夹层病变未见显影,支架通畅;1例因动脉迂曲,支架未能成功置入,术后1 d患者发生夹层动脉瘤再次破裂出血死亡。结论:血管内治疗是RVDAs的理想的选择,治疗方案应根据临床症状、夹层动脉瘤的部位、形态及其与周围分支的关系而确定。     

血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈治疗颅内椎动脉宽颈动脉瘤

目的：总结血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈治疗颅内椎动脉宽颈动脉瘤的初步经验。方法：通过股动脉途径，采用将血管内支架跨动脉瘤颈放置，通过其网孔将微导管送入动脉瘤腔后填塞GDC的技术治疗6例椎动脉颅内段宽颈动脉瘤。结果：1例支架置入术失败，其余5例支架均准确到位。4动脉瘤达到致密填塞，1例大部填塞，载瘤动脉通畅。1例采用弹簧圈同时闭塞动脉瘤及载瘤动脉，无手术并发症，患均恢复良好。结论：血管内支架联合微弹簧圈是治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法，但仍需要远期随访。     

破裂椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤介入治疗(附9例报告)

目的:总结颅内破裂椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断和介入治疗经验。方法:分析9例颅内破裂椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤的症状和影像检查结果,就其介入治疗策略作回顾总结。结果:临床表现为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血,积血以脑干前方脑池最为明显,DSA显示为血管的扩张和狭窄。采取支架植入辅助弹簧圈栓塞4例、单纯支架治疗2例,其余3例采用闭塞载瘤血管远近端治疗。8例恢复良好,Rankin评分小于3分者7例,4分者1例,死亡1例;6个月后随访未见动脉瘤显影。结论:积极采取保留或闭塞载瘤动脉的介入方法治疗破裂椎基底动脉夹层动脉瘤,可防止再出血。     

支架结合可脱性弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床分析

目的分析颅内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽殒动脉瘸的临床疗效及应用体会。方法回顾性分析12例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者,其中3例动脉瘤位于颈内动脉海绵寞段,2例位于颈内动脉眼动脉段,2例位于殒内动脉后交通段,1例位于前交通动脉,2例位于大脑中动脉分叉部,1例位于椎动脉,1例位于基底动脉,绝对宽颈（瘤颈〉4mm）动脉瘸9例,相对宽颈3例,瘤颈／瘸体均〉0．7。术中将颅内支架引至动脉瘸处并释放支架虔互动脉瘤颈,然后行弹簧圈栓塞术。结果7例采用Neuroform自膨式支架,5例采用Leo支架,12枚支架全部成功释放。其中100％栓塞8例,95％栓塞3例,1例支架释放后动脉瘤不显影未行弹簧圈栓塞。1例术中出血经迅速填塞弹簧圈及支持对症治疗后患者治愈。本妞病人无死亡。5例术后3个月随访造影,动脉瘸腔完全闭塞,载瘤动脉无狭窄。结论颅内自膨式支架辅助弹簧圈闭塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤既可保护载瘤动脉通畅又可提高宽颈动脉瘤拴塞的致密程度,效果较好,并且可降低穿支血管阻塞的发生率。     

椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断与治疗

椎动脉夹层动脉瘤是一类特殊的颅内动脉瘤,是较为少见的脑血管病之一,以往在临床中很少见。随着影像及介入神经放射学的发展,该病的报道日益增多,主要临床表现为蛛网膜下腔出血和缺血症状。血管内介入治疗(包括载瘤动脉闭塞术、支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术、单纯支架置入术等)是目前公认的首选治疗方式,但技术的选择仍存在争议,需依据患者的具体情况个体化选择。     

内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗方法和效果探讨

目的探讨内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的方法和效果。方法回顾性分析采用血管腔内治疗的11例内脏动脉瘤患者,共12枚动脉瘤,位于脾动脉3例,肝动脉3例,肠系膜上动脉2例中1例为2枚动脉瘤,肾动脉2例,胃十二指肠动脉1例,其中3例行钢圈＋明胶海绵栓塞瘤腔并闭塞载瘤动脉,2例单纯行钢圈栓塞,2例裸支架辅助微弹簧圈（gualielmi detachable coil,GDC）栓塞瘤腔,2例植入覆膜支架瘤腔隔绝,1例单纯使用微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,1例使用球囊辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔。结果 1例位于肾动脉分支的动脉瘤采用球囊辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔手术失败,其余内脏动脉瘤血管腔内治疗均获成功,5例行钢圈及明胶海绵栓塞闭塞载瘤动脉后动脉瘤未见显影,2例裸支架辅助微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔、2例植入覆膜支架瘤腔隔绝术及1例单纯使用微弹簧圈栓塞瘤腔,瘤腔未见染色、载瘤动脉血流通畅。结论血管腔内治疗内脏动脉瘤可使用多种方法及材料,微创、风险小、安全、有效。     

颅内动脉瘤血管内治疗中复杂情况的处理

目的：探讨l5例在血管内治疗中发生的复杂问题的颅内动脉瘤的处理。方法：窄颈动脉瘤直接采用GDC栓塞治疗、宽颈动脉瘤先用支架成形后再应用GDC栓塞治疗、巨大动脉瘤及假性动脉瘤采用可脱式球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉。结果：3例窄颈动脉瘤采用GDC栓塞治疗中动脉瘤破裂出血，经继续栓塞后全部治愈；3例宽颈动脉瘤采用支架成形后应用GDC栓塞治愈；9例巨大动脉瘤及假性动脉瘤采用可脱式球囊或弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉后，8例治愈，l例因严重贫血发生脑梗塞而遗留轻度神经功能缺失。结论：采用GDC或微支架辅助GDC血管内栓塞是治疗动脉瘤的一种微创、安全、有效的方法，贫血在行载瘤动脉闭塞时确定脑血流代偿能力的诸因素中具有重要意义。     

血管内支架治疗颅内、外动脉狭窄和颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管内支架治疗颅内、颅外动脉狭窄以及颅内宽颈动脉瘤的安全性和有效性. 方法应用血管内支架成形治疗14例颅内、颅外动脉狭窄;支架结合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤5例,单纯支架置入治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤1例.结果 14例颅内、外动脉狭窄,经支架成形治疗后10例血管直径恢复正常,4例血管直径恢复85%～90%.6例颅内宽颈动脉瘤,4例获得致密栓塞,1例疏松栓塞,1例单纯支架置入后动脉瘤腔内血流滞留.术中发生支架移位1例.随访1～36月,无发生缺血或出血性事件,10例定期血管造影检查未发现支架再狭窄或闭塞,动脉瘤无复发.结论 应用血管内支架治疗颅内、颅外动脉狭窄以及辅助弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤是安全、可行、有效的.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.