咳嗽变异性哮喘患者主观评估和客观检测之间的相关性

目的 研究咳嗽变异性哮喘患者咳嗽生活质量问卷调查和1s用力呼出量/用力肺活量比值及峰流速变异率之间的相关性及其意义.方法 选取52例咳嗽变异性哮喘患者作为研究对象,并按照哮喘严重程度分级的标准分为A组(CVA Ⅰ级组)、B组(CVAⅡ级组)、C组(CVAⅢ级组)、D组(CVAⅣ级组)四组;所有研究对象首诊时和规范治疗3月后均完成咳嗽生活质量问卷(CQLQ)调查,同时进行1 s用力呼出量/用力肺活量比值(FEV1%)测定和峰流速变异率(PEFR)监测.结果 (1)规范治疗前,A、B、C、D四组各组间FEV1%与PEFR均差异有显著性(P<0.05).且两者具有明显负相关性(r=-0.995,P<0.01);各组间CQLQ差异无显著性(P0.05),虽然整体研究时CQLQ与FEV1%和PEFR的相关性有统计学意义(r=-0.302,0.274,P<0.05),但各组内CQLQ与FEV1%和PEFR的相关性不确切.(2)经规范治疗后,CQLQ改变值与FEV1%和PEFR改变值之间呈显著正相关(r=0.777,0.747,P<0.01).结论 CQLQ不宜代替FEV1%、PEFR等客观指标用于咳嗽变异性哮喘病情严重程度的判定,但可以代替FEV1%、PEFR作为咳嗽变异性哮喘疗效观察的简易指标.     

孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效研究

目的观察孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的疗效。方法选择135例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿,将其随机分为两组,对照组68例采用布地奈德治疗,联合用药组67例采用孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德治疗,比较两组的疗效和肺功能的变化。结果两组患儿治疗后第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、夜间的最大呼气流速(PEF)绝对值水平均明显升高(P<0.05),且联合用药组治疗后FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEF水平明显高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。联合用药组总有效率为94.0%,明显高于对照组的75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘,能够明显提高临床疗效,改善肺功能,值得推广应用。     

大气细颗粒物浓度与儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的相关性

目的 探讨大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度与儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的关系.方法 选择2015年4月至2016年4月南京医科大学附属淮安第一人民医院诊断为咳嗽变异性哮喘儿童48例(咳嗽变异性哮喘组)和典型哮喘儿童50例(典型哮喘组),同期选择慢性肺炎儿童50例(肺炎组)和健康儿童50例(对照组),比较发病1个月内环境中平均PM2.5浓度,检测血清淋巴细胞比率、CD+4/CD+8、IgE、肺通气指标水平.结果 ①咳嗽变异性哮喘组和典型哮喘组的平均PM2.5浓度高于肺炎组和对照组[(85.6±10.3)、(76.4±11.4) μg/m3 vs(41.3±12.5)、(25.9±10.5) μg/m3],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②咳嗽变异性哮喘组和典型哮喘组的淋巴细胞比率和IgE水平高于其他两组,CD+4/CD+8低于其他两组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);③咳嗽变异性哮喘组的FEV1%Pred、FEV1/FVC和MMEF%Pred分别为(88.7±13.5)%、(80.2±7.8)%、(78.6±15.4)%,典型哮喘组分别为(85.4±14.6)%、(76.3±7.6)%、(72.5±16.3)%,均分别低于其他两组(P<0.05),而咳嗽变异性哮喘组相关数据与典型哮喘组则基本一致(P>0.05).结论 PM2.5与儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘发作有关,免疫调节和通气功能降低与典型哮喘改变可能一致.     

孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的效果分析

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德福莫特罗粉治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床效果。方法:选择2020年7月至2021年6月黑龙江省佳木斯市中心医院诊断治疗的咳嗽变异性哮喘患者60例进行回顾性分析,分为观察组与对照组各30例。观察组治疗采用孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德福莫特罗,对照组治疗采用布地奈德福莫特罗。比较两组治疗1周、1个月咳嗽频率、程度评分,肺功能指标。结果:①治疗1个月后两组的咳嗽频率评分与咳嗽程度评分均呈下降趋势,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1周、治疗1个月,观察组咳嗽频率评分及咳嗽程度评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②治疗1周与治疗1个月,观察组FEV1、PEF、FEV1/FVC均呈显著上升的趋势,与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗1个月后,观察组FEV1、PEF、FEV1/FVC均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠联合布地奈德福莫特罗用于咳嗽变异性哮喘的治疗可以有效控制症状,改善肺功能。     

咳嗽变异性哮喘儿童支气管激发试验前后小气道功能变化

目的:探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿支气管激发前后小气道功能的改变特征,以提高CVA患儿的早期诊断率。方法:对符合入选标准的60例CVA患儿进行肺功能及支气管激发试验检查,并与同期健康儿童检查结果进行对照。结果:患儿组激发后相关肺功能指标FEV1%、FVC%、PEF减退明显,与健康组比较(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;患儿组小气道功能敏感指标FEF75%、FEF50%、FEF25%~75%在激发后发生显著降低,两组激发后比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:小气道功能的显著降低是咳嗽变异性哮喘儿童支气管激发实验后的典型特征,也是临床对气道高反应性严重程度判断的重要依据,值得临床予以足够关注。     

血清总IgE、外周血EOS及肺功能在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血清总IgE、外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)及肺功能水平检测在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)诊断中的价值。方法:选择CVA发作期、哮喘急性发作期患儿各35例,以及健康对照患儿35例,分别检测3组儿童血清总IgE、外周血EOS绝对值以及肺功能水平,并进行对比分析。结果:CVA组与哮喘组患儿的血清总IgE、外周血EOS绝对值显著高于健康对照组;CVA组与哮喘组患儿EV1%、FEV1/FVC%、PEF%水平虽低于健康对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%水平均低于对照组(均P<0.01);吸药后,CVA组与哮喘组患儿FEF25%、FEF50%、FEF75%水平均较吸药前明显改善(均P<0.01),而对照组吸药前、后各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对疑似CVA患儿进行血清总IgE、外周血EOS,以及支气管舒张试验检查可有效提高确诊率,且安全快速,适合临床推广应用。     

小儿消积止咳口服液治疗对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿肺通气功能及TIMP-1、IFN-γ、CysLTs水平的影响

目的 探讨小儿消积止咳口服液治疗对咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿肺通气功能及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑因子-1(TIMP1)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)IFN-γ、半胱氨酰白三烯(CysLTs)水平的影响。方法 选取2020年3月～2023年3月期间在本院收治的122例CVA患儿,采取随机数字表法随机分为对照组和观察组,每组61例,对照组给予常规治疗(激素治疗、解痉平喘、化痰),观察组基于以上加予小儿消积止咳口服液,比较两组治疗前及治疗7d后的中医证候症状积分,评估两组临床疗效,对比两组治疗前及治疗7d后的肺通气功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、1s用力呼气容量(FEV1)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)]、气道解剖学指标(气道壁厚度、基底膜厚度及气道壁总面积)、血清生化指标水平变化[TIMP1、IFN-γ、CysLTs]。结果 治疗7d后,两组中医证候症状积分较治疗前呈显著性下降(P<0.05),其中观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗7d后,观察组的临床总有效率显著高于对照组(88.52% VS 73.77%,P<0.05);治疗7d后,两组FVC、FEV1、PEF均较治疗前有显著性提高(P<0.05),两组气道壁厚度、基底膜厚度及气道壁总面积均较治疗前有显著性减少(P<0.05),两组血清TIMP-1、CysLTs水平较治疗前有显著性降低(P<0.05),两组血清IFN-γ水平较治疗前有显著性提高(P<0.05),以上指标观察组变化幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 小儿消积止咳口服液治疗CVA患儿能明显改善相关症状,提高临床疗效,并利于肺通气功能提高,改善气道解剖结构,对血清TIMP1、CysLTs水平起到抑制作用,并上调血清IFN-γ水平,以改善病情。     

加味六安煎对咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠模型气道重塑的影响

目的观察咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)大鼠模型咳嗽次数、气道炎症、肺组织气道重塑病理变化及加味六安煎对其干预后的影响,探讨加味六安煎治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的作用机制,为临床治疗提供依据。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、CVA模型组、孟鲁司特钠组、加味六安煎低、中、高剂量组。以卵蛋白、氢氧化铝致敏并吸入卵蛋白激发法复制咳嗽变异性哮喘大鼠模型,观察各组大鼠咳嗽次数、肺组织的炎性细胞浸润、胶原沉积(胶原面积及胶原容积分数)程度。结果(1)与正常对照组比较,CVA模型组咳嗽次数明显增多(P<0.05),与模型组比较,各治疗组咳嗽次数明显减少,其中加味六安煎高剂量组咳嗽次数减少最明显(P<0.05);(2)与正常对照组比较,CVA模型组镜下可见肺组织炎性细胞浸润、充血、水肿;与CVA模型组比较,各治疗组肺组织炎性细胞减少,充血、水肿程度减轻;(3)胶原面积:与正常对照组比较,CVA模型组胶原面积增加(P<0.05),各治疗组比较,加味六安煎高剂量组胶原面积减少最明显(P<0.01),加味六安煎各剂量组与孟鲁司特钠组比较组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)胶原容积分数:与正常对照组比较,CVA模型组胶原容积分数增加(P<0.05),各治疗组比较,加味六安煎高剂量组胶原容积分数降低最明显(P<0.01),加味六安煎各剂量组与孟鲁司特钠组比较,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论加味六安煎可以有效减少CVA大鼠的咳嗽次数,其作用机制可能是通过减轻肺组织炎性细胞浸润、充血、水肿,减少气道胶原沉积从而达到干预CVA大鼠气道重塑的目的。     

孟鲁司特联合沙美特罗替卡松治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘疗效观察

目的: 探讨孟鲁司特联合沙美特罗替卡松在治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)中的疗效。方法: 将40例CVA患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例。对照组采用丙卡特罗25 μg口服,每天2次;氨茶碱0.1 g口服,每天3次。治疗组20例采用沙美特罗替卡松50 μg/250 μg吸入,每天2次;孟鲁司特10 mg口服,每天1次。总疗程4周。观察治疗4周后患者咳嗽好转情况及第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)和FEV1%的变化。结果: 治疗组疗效明显好于对照组(P<0.01),有效率达90%。2组肺功能FEV1和FEV1%均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.01),但治疗组较对照组改善更明显(P<0.01)。结论: 孟鲁司特与沙美特罗替卡松联合应用可明显改善CVA的咳嗽症状及肺功能,疗效优于传统的支气管舒张剂及止咳药物。     

呼出气一氧化氮检测在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘诊治中的价值

目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)在儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)诊断和治疗中的价值.方法 选取CVA患儿75例(CVA组)、健康儿童25例(对照组)作为研究对象.对比对照组儿童及CVA组患儿治疗前后的FeNO水平及肺功能,对CVA组患儿进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验评估特异质情况,分析CVA患儿特异质严重程度与FeNO水平的相关性.结果 治疗前,CVA组的FeNO水平高于治疗后水平和对照组(P<0.05),第 1秒最大呼气量及最大呼气中期流量占预计值百分比均低于治疗后水平和对照组(P<0.05).过敏原皮肤点刺试验呈特异质共55例(73.3%),非特异质共20例(26.7%).治疗前,特异质CVA患儿的FeNO水平高于非特异质CVA患儿(P<0.05),CVA患儿特异质严重程度与FeNO水平呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 FeNO水平与CVA患儿的特异质及其严重程度关系密切,FeNO水平检测有助于儿童CVA的诊断及治疗效果评估.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.