Affects,Neurotransmitters, and immunocompetence

Twenty-five individuals participated in a three month study of associations between depression, hopefulness, neurotransmitters, and immunity. Fifteen subjects were diagnosed as Major Depression (DSM-III); ten were ‘normals’ who had no psychiatric history, no major medical disorder, and were taking no medication. Psychological testings included three Gottschalk verbal sample scales, the Zung depression scale and the Udelmans' Social History Index. Physiologic measurements included neurotransmitters, 5-HIAA, CBC and immune parameters. All testings were done at the onset and three months later. Data were scored, analyzed and compared between groups and within the groups. Findings are presented and hypothetical constructs discussed. Implications for future studies are suggested.     

雌激素不同用药方式在冻融胚胎移植中的应用

目的探讨雌激素不同给药方式在冻融胚胎移植中的应用。方法采用激素替代周期行冻融胚胎移植患者244例,随机分为经皮17β-雌二醇组120例(研究组)和口服戊酸雌二醇组124例(对照组)。观察两组患者血雌二醇浓度上升曲线、给予黄体酮日雌二醇用药总量、子宫内膜厚度和类型、周期取消率、胚胎移植结局及药物副作用。结果黄体日两组患者子宫内膜厚度差异无统计学意义(P=0.63);研究组雌二醇各监测点水平均高于对照组(P=0.04)、用药总量显著性较低(P=0.03);研究组周期取消率(0.83%)显著低于照组(6.45%)(P=0.02);研究组生化妊娠率和临床妊娠率高于对照组,自然流产率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.90、0.54和0.16)。结论 17β-雌二醇经皮给药可以有效的应用于激素替代周期冻融胚胎移植患者。     

The Makari skin test and immunocompetence in bladder cancer

Summary In two groups of bladder cancer patients with localised pathological stage P1 or P2 tumours, 21 with and 22 without recurrent disease, the results of the Makari skin test were compared with measurements of immunological competence, including delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to microbial antigens, lymphoproliferative response to PHA, T cell numbers and serum immunoglobulins. Both groups of patients showed a reduc tion in immunological competence when compared with a control group of 20 patients of a similar age range with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, comparison of these measurements in 21 Makari positive with 22 Makari negative patients did not demonstrate any significant differences. It is concluded that further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of the Makari skin test.     

Tolerance, immunocompetence, and secondary disease in fully allogeneic radiation chimeras

The aim of this study was to ascertain the extent to which secondary disease and mortality in fully allogeneic chimeras (C57BL leads to CBA) is caused (if at all) by a delayed graft-versus-host reaction. Adult CBA males were thymectomized, irradiated, and reconstituted with T-lymphocyte-depleted C57BL or CBA bone marrow cells (BMC), followed three weeks after irradiation by implantation under the kidney capsule of thymic lobes from C57BL or CBA fetal or adult donors. These mice were observed for the development of secondary disease for periods in excess of 250 days, and they were examined at 5 weeks or 4 months for T lymphocyte reactivity and tolerance to alloantigens, using the cell-mediated lympholysis assay (CML). The following results were obtained. First, removal of T lymphocytes with anti-Thy 1 antibody and complement from allogeneic bone marrow did not prevent wasting and eventual death, although it prolonged the lifespan of mice substantially. Second, T lymphocytes generated from bone marrow-derived precursor cells became tolerant of the histocompatibility antigens of the thymus donor strain but remained normally reactive to third-party antigens. Third, allogeneic radiation chimeras did not survive as well as animals reconstituted with syngeneic cells, even when they were demonstrably tolerant in CML. Fourth, C57BL BMC maturing in a CBA host equipped with a C57BL thymus graft did not become tolerant of host antigens, indicating that extra-thymic tolerance does not occur in fully allogeneic--as opposed to semiallogeneic--chimeras. It is argued that the function of B lymphocytes and/or accessory cells is impaired in fully allogeneic radiation chimeras, and that the mortality observed was directly related to the resulting immunodeficiency. The relevance of the results described in this paper to clinical bone marrow transplantation is discussed.     

Effects of surgery, anesthesia and intraoperative blood loss on immunocompetence

The effects of surgery, anesthetic agents, and/or intraoperative blood loss on the immune system were studied by comparing the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens and antigens. All anesthetic agents were associated with some degree of immunosuppression, but some were differentially suppressive of either the T-cell or B-cell subpopulation of the peripheral blood lymphocytes. A greater depression of blastogenic responses was associated with ether than with halothane, and the B-cell responses seemed more selectively affected by ether. Cyclopropane anesthesia was more depressive than nitrous oxide, and both T- and B-cells were equally affected. The volume of blood lost during surgery was also correlated with the degree of immunosuppression. This anesthesia and surgery-associated immunosuppression persisted for at least 7 days.     

骨桥蛋白与动脉粥样硬化和骨质疏松的关系

骨桥蛋白作为体内广泛存在的细胞因子和趋化因子, 可介导细胞粘附,聚集及迁移,具有抗炎和促炎的双重作用,近年来逐渐认识到它在心血管疾病中起着不可估量的作用。骨桥蛋白可能刺激成骨细胞增殖、钙化,促进破骨细胞与骨基质的黏附并提高破骨细胞的溶骨活性,刺激骨吸收及骨重建,增加骨吸收陷窝的数量和面积,并抑制骨组织的矿化过程。本文就骨桥蛋白在骨质疏松症与动脉硬化的发病中所起作用作一综述。     

The interaction of host immunocompetence and tumor aggressiveness in superficial bladder carcinoma.

The results of our studies suggest that in the natural history of bladder cancer intrinsic tumor aggressiveness as measured by loss of normal antigenic activity may be more relevant than intact host defenses as measured by an intact cell-mediated immune response. Our contention that tumor aggressiveness may be the more important variable fits in with the occasional success in cancer patients treated with chemotherapeutic agents that act by altering the genetic material of rapidly dividing tumor cells. Our data suggest that therapy directed at bolstering the host's immune system may not be as effective as therapy directed against molecular events within the cancer cells themselves. Unfortunately, presently available non-surgical modalities do not discriminate between aggressor (tumor) and defender (lymphocyte) cells.     

The effect of limited courses of cyclosporine on survival and immunocompetence of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras

Isolator-maintained CBH/Ola (Rtlc) rats were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with spleen and bone marrow cells from fully allogeneic WAG or Wistar (Rtlu) donors. Hematopoietically reconstituted rats were treated with cyclosporine (CsA)4 as prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) for periods ranging from 6 to 26 weeks. Following the termination of CsA treatment GVH reactivity developed in all recipients of allogeneic cells regardless of the duration of immunosuppression. Approximately a third of the reconstituted rats survived the post-CsA period of GVH activity; these rats carried peripheral lymphocytes and spleen cells of donor strain origin and were specifically unresponsive to donor strain skin grafts. Surviving chimeras remained healthy for long periods (up to 18 months) after transplantation, although morbidity increased slightly for rats moved to normal animal house conditions. However, all chimeras had some degree of lymphopenia and showed diminished immunological responses to extraneous antigens and third-party skin grafts. Experiments to elucidate the mechanisms by which specific tolerance was maintained in chimeras indicated that neither the deletion of host-reactive lymphocytes from the graft nor an absence of host bone-marrow-derived "stimulator" cells was responsible. It was shown that the potential GVH reactivity of normal donor strain cells was specifically suppressed in vivo (in the chimera) and that this suppression could be transferred to secondary irradiated recipients by transferring chimeric spleen cells. Attempts to demonstrate a role for suppressor cells in the maintenance of the chimeric state yielded inconclusive results.