血清胆红素与冠心病冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系

【目的】探讨血清胆红素与冠心病冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系。【方法】将112例已行冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心病组及对照组（冠状动脉造影正常者），比较两组间血清总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）及血脂水平，并对胆红素与血脂进行直线相关分析。【结果】冠心病组血清TBIL、DBIL和IBIL水平均低于对照组（P〈0．05），总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。冠心病组中冠状动脉多支病变者血清TBIL、DBIL和IBIL水平均低于单支病变者（P〈0．05）。相关分析显示，血清胆红素与TC、TG和LDL-C呈负相关。【结论】血清胆红素与血脂相关，可能参与血脂代谢。低胆红素血症易患冠心病，血清胆红素水平越低，冠状动脉狭窄病变程度越重。     

血清中尿酸和胆红素与冠心病的关系

目的：探讨冠心病患者血清中尿酸、胆红素、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度与冠心病的关系。方法：选取156例冠心病患者，检测血清中尿酸、总胆红素、间接胆红素和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度，并选取138例健康体检者作对照组进行比较。结果：冠心病组血清总胆红素、间接胆红素明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：低血清胆红素水平和高尿酸水平与冠心病密切相关。     

血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系

目的 探讨血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉狭窄病变程度及血脂的关系。方法 将152例已行冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心病组（狭窄≥50％）及对照组（冠状动脉造影正常者）,比较两组间血清总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）及血脂水平,并对胆红素与血脂进行直线相关分析。结果冠心痛组血清TBIL低于对照组（P＜0．05）,总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）均高于对照组（P＜0．05或P＜0．01。冠心病组中单支病变和中度狭窄患者血清TBIL和DBIL水平均低于对照组（P＜0．05）,多支病变和重度狭窄患者血清TBIL、DBIL和IBIL水平低于单支病变和中度狭窄患者以及对照组（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。相关分析显示,血清胆红素与Tc、TG和LDL—C呈显著负相关。结论 胆红素影响血脂代谢。低胆红素血症患者易患冠心病,血清胆红素水平越低．冠状动脉狭窄病变程度越重．     

老年冠心病患者血清胆红素水平的变化

目的：探讨老年人群血清胆红素水平与冠状动咏病变程度的关系。方法：对163例经选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）明确诊断为冠心病的患者（冠心病组）和 105例经CAG证实无冠状动脉狭窄的患者f对照组）测定血清总胆红素（Bill—T）、直接胆红素（Bili—D）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C），并计算间接胆红素（Bili-I）水平。结果：冠心病组血清Bili- T、Bili—I水平及HDL—C明显低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而LDL．C水平在冠心病组明显高于对照组（P〈0．01），但冠脉狭窄范围和程度与胆红素水平无明显关联（P〉0．05）。急性冠脉综合征时胆红素水平显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论：血清胆红素水平降低可能在冠心病发病中具有一定的作用。[著者文摘]     

老年冠心病患者胆红素和胆固醇水平的研究

目的观察老年人血清胆红素、胆固醇水平与冠心病的关系。方法选择老年冠心病患者100例与老年健康者65例对照，测定血清胆红素、胆固醇，比较胆红素水平。将冠心病组按照胆固醇水平分成合并高胆固醇组和胆固醇正常组，比较两组胆红素水平。结果老年冠心病患者总胆红素、非结合胆红素水平低于健康老年人（P〈0．01），冠心病患者合并高胆固醇血症者总胆红素、非结合胆红素水平低于胆固醇正常组（P〈0．01）。结论血清胆红素水平在冠心病诊断和防治中有重要意义。     

老年冠心病血清胆红素浓度变化及其与血脂的关系

目的　探讨老年冠心病患者血清胆红素浓度的变化及其与血脂的关系。方法　分别检测 75例老年冠心病患者与 4 5例对照者的血清总胆红素 (TBIL)、直接胆红素 (DBIL)、间接胆红素 (IBIL)浓度以及血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三脂 (TG)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (VLDL C)水平。结果　冠心病组TBIL、IBIL浓度均低于对照组 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,DBIL浓度也显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。TBIL、DBIL分别与TG、VLDL C呈显著负相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　老年人血清胆红素浓度的降低可能参与了冠心病的发病机制。血清胆红素与血脂负相关     

冠状动脉狭窄与胆红素水平关系分析

目的：探讨胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变之间的关系。方法：选取86例冠状动脉造影中度以上狭窄的冠心病患者作为观察组，另选取60例健康体检者作为对照组；检测两组患者总胆红素、间接胆红素、直接胆红素并进行比较。结果：观察组血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素均明显降低，对照组均正常。结论：血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变呈负相关。     

血清胆红素浓度与冠心病的关系探讨

目的探讨血清胆红素浓度变化与冠心病之间的关系。方法采用全自动生化分析仪，检测经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的120例冠心病患者及经体检证实健康者100例（为对照组）的空腹血清总胆红素、直接胆红素浓度。结果血清胆红素浓度明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论血清胆红素浓度下降可能在冠心病的发病中具有一定的作用，血清胆红素浓度与冠心病发生的危险性呈显著负相关。     

血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度及血脂的关系

目的：探讨血清胆红素（BIL）浓度变化与冠心病（CHD）之间的关系。方法：将237例患者按冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组（CHD组）和非冠心病组（非CHD组），采用Gensini法计算冠脉病变积分（CSS），检测空腹血清总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）、间接胆红素（IBIL）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）水平。结果：CHD组 TBIL、DBIL、IBIL水平低于非CHD组（P〈0．01）。双变量分析显示TBIL、DBIL、IBIL与CSS呈负相关。TBIL、IBIL与 TC、LDL—C呈负相关，结论：血清BIL水平与CHD程度呈负相关，低血清BIL水平是CHD的独立危险因素，其机制可能与影响脂类代谢有关．[著者文摘]     

血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的研究血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度的关系，为冠心病（CHD）的预防、治疗探索新思路。方法将116例患者按冠状动脉造影结果分为冠心病组（CHD组）和非冠心病组（非CHD组），检测血清胆红素及冠心病一些重要传统危险因素，比较两组血清胆红素水平差异，对血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系进行双因素及多网素分析，对血清胆红素水平与冠心病传统危险因素进行多因素分析。结果（1）CHD组血清总胆红素（TBIL）、直接胆红素（DBIL）水平低于非CHD组（P〈0．01）。（2）双变量分析显示冠状动脉病变积分（LNCCS）与TBIL和DBIL均呈负相关，相关系数分别为r=0．450（P〈0．01）和r=-0．774（P〈0．01）。（3）多元逐步回归分析显示血清DBIL进入回归方程，LNCCS和DBIL呈负相关。DBIL与LDL、性别、年龄相关，间接胆红素（IBIL）与HDL和LDL相关。结论血清胆红素水平与冠状动脉病变程度呈独立负相关，低血清胆红素水平是冠状动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。