临洮县康家集乡2007～2008年出生儿童免疫接种情况调查分析

目的 了解康家集乡2007～2008年出生儿童的计划免疫工作实际情况.方法 按照统一方案对16个村的2007～2008年出生的所有儿童统一查验.结果 儿童建卡、建证率均达到100%,卡证符合率达到98%以上,四苗覆盖率及乙肝疫苗全程接种率均达到卫生部指标.但也存在漏种、基础免疫接种不规范、接种卡、证漏登等问题.结论 四苗覆盖率及乙肝疫苗全程接种率均达到卫生部指标,但扩大国家免疫规划疫苗的接种率低,应进一步加大扩大免疫工作的宣传力度.     

长春市流动儿童免疫状况及其影响因素调查

目的:了解长春市流动儿童的计划免疫接种情况,以便为流动儿童的计划免疫工作管理提供依据。方法:对双阳区流动儿童及其家长进行计划免疫接种情况调查。结果:共调查120名儿童,其建卡率、建证率、五苗(卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙肝疫苗)全程免疫覆盖率、乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率分别为:90.83%、93.33%、90%、88.33%。结论:要重视流动儿童的计划免疫工作,加大对流动儿童集聚地的计划免疫宣传力度,提高流动儿童家长对计划免疫知识的知晓率,保证流动儿童计划免疫相关疫苗的接种率,消除免疫空白人群。     

2010年平安县扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种率抽样调查分析报告

目的:了解全县适龄儿童扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,及时掌握免疫规划工作中存在的困难和问题,进一步加强免疫接种和服务质量.方法:各乡镇随机抽取免疫规划工作较好、中等和较差的3个村,每村挨门逐户调查7名适龄儿童,共调查21名儿童.结果:调查的189名儿童中接种率卡介苗为100％,脊灰疫苗为99.47％,百白破三联疫苗为97.88％,麻疹疫苗为98.41％,乙肝疫苗第一针及时接种率94.71％,乙肝疫苗全程接种率97.88％,A群流脑疫苗全程接种率90.48％,甲肝疫苗接种率为88.31％,麻腮风疫苗(麻疹复种)接种率为94.81％.结论:四苗全程接种率达到了96.88％,新增疫苗接种率均在88.31％以上.     

2012年平安县扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种率抽样调查分析

目的：了解全县适龄儿童扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,及时掌握免疫规划工作中存在的困难和问题,进一步强化免疫接种和服务质量。方法：各乡镇随机抽取免疫规划工作较好、中等和较差的3个村,每村挨门逐户调查10名适龄儿童,共调查30名儿童。结果：调查的255名儿童中接种率分别为卡介苗100%,脊灰疫苗和百白破疫苗均为99.22%,麻疹疫苗为98.04%,乙肝疫苗第一针及时接种率95.69%、全程接种率100%,A群流脑疫苗全程接种率99.61%,甲肝疫苗接种率为98.04%,麻腮风疫苗接种率为98.43%,3岁A＋C群流脑疫苗接种率96.97%。结论：四苗全程接种率为97.25%,新增疫苗接种率均在96%以上。     

潍坊市2003～2005年儿童计划免疫基础五苗及时接种情况分析

目的了解农村和城区儿童计划免疫"基础五苗"及时接种情况,分析影响及时接种的因素,提出改进措施。方法根据2006年全市的免疫预防工作综合检查接种率调查资料,分析2003～2005年出生的农村和城区儿童的"基础五苗"接种情况。结果农村地区116名2003～2005年出生的儿童"基础五苗"的及时接种率分别为:卡介苗43.75～56.82%、乙肝首针及乙肝疫苗全程87.5～100%,脊灰疫苗、百白破三联疫苗95.45～100%,麻疹疫苗80～100%。城区120名2003～2005年出生儿童的及时接种率分别为:卡介苗86.36～88.64%,乙肝首针及全程84.38～97.72%,脊灰疫苗87.5～95.45%,百白破三联疫苗93.75～95.45%,麻疹疫苗87.5～97.72%。结论:及时提高接种率水平,为儿童建立免疫屏障提供依据。     

海口市儿童计划免疫接种率及其影响因素分析

目的调查我市儿童计划免疫接种情况并分析其影响因素,以进一步提高儿童计划免疫接种率。方法按照人口比例在我市四区选取在2011年1月1日至2012年1月1日间出生的儿童300名。对其进行入户调查,查询儿童计划免疫接种情况及家庭基本情况,并对影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果儿童计划基础免疫（卡介苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、麻疹疫苗、百白破混合制剂和乙肝疫苗）单苗或＂五苗＂接种率均在95%以上,加强型免疫（百白破,麻腮风）接种率和省级增加的国家免疫规划疫苗（流脑疫苗、甲肝疫苗）接种率分别为71.33%和63.67%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,户口所在地、父母学历、各疫苗接种时间、家长对加强疫苗和省级增加疫苗态度是影响儿童计划免疫接种率的主要因素。结论海口市儿童计划基础免疫接种率较高,覆盖率较广,但是加强免疫接种和省级增加的国家免疫规划疫苗接种率较低,应针对其主要影响因素制定相应措施,提高加强型疫苗和省级增加的疫苗接种率。     

济宁市济东矿区儿童计划免疫及时接种率及影响因素分析

目的了解本地区儿童计划免疫现状、及时接种率及其影响因素,评价和进一步改进疾病控制工作策略。方法采用普查的方式获取济东矿区儿童的免疫接种及相关资料。结果对2076名儿童进行调查,BCG、OPV全程、DPT全程、MV、HepB全程接种率分别为98.3%、95.8%、98.4%、97.8%、99.3%;及时接种率分别为9.6%、86.9%、91.7%、92.7%、88.3%;常住儿童及时接种率明显高于流动儿童,基础疫苗接种及时率高于季节性疫苗,季节性疫苗高于自费疫苗;经Logistic多因素分析显示:居住地的更换,种次数多、儿童哭闹不愿打针,母亲文化程度,家长对接种疫苗的态度,家长计划免疫相关知识的掌握程度五项因素对"五苗"的接种及时率有影响。结论济东矿区常住儿童计划免疫接种情况较好,但是流动儿童及时接种形势严峻,相应机构应采取多种措施积极应对。     

2个居民区0～7岁儿童计划免疫现状及影响因素分析

目的 探讨影响儿童免疫规划的因素.方法 抽取2个居民小区的1 205名0～7岁儿童,采用相关知识问卷及核查疫苗接种记录的方式,对入组儿童的疫苗接种情况、居住地变更情况、父母文化程度、家长对接种疫苗的态度以及家长免疫规划相关知识的掌握程度做详细调查.结果 2个小区0～7岁儿童计划免疫建卡率为93.61%;五苗的接种率分别为麻疹类疫苗96.38%、卡介苗96.33%、脊髓灰质炎疫苗95.87%、乙肝疫苗94.29%、百白破疫苗96.01%,"五苗"全程接种率为94.59%.结论 0～7岁儿童的计划免疫现状较好,但流动儿童与本区常住儿童相比疫苗接种率和"五苗"全程接种率均较低.所以,应加强流动儿童免疫规划的宣传教育工作,以减少相应传染病的发生率.     

儿童计划免疫与乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种率及其影响因素调查分析

目的调查分析儿童计划免疫与乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种率以及其影响因素。方法将2017年1月至2018年2月在我辖区社区卫生服务中心儿童预防接种门诊中进行免疫接种的儿童共2860例作为研究分析对象,通过对所有适龄儿童预防接种证查验以及问卷调查的方式了解乙肝疫苗接种率,并分析其相关的影响因素。结果在2017年至2018年儿童乙肝疫苗总全程接种人数2774例,接种率为96.99%,其中HepB1及时接种人数2660例,接种率为95.89%,两者无明显差异(P0.05),不同户籍儿童的全程接种率有显著差异(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义。结论儿童乙型肝炎疫苗免疫接种率受到出生地、户籍、新生儿黄疸的影响。     

永济市免疫规划疫苗接种率调查分析

目的 了解永济市免疫规划项目实施1年来免疫规划疫苗接种率现状.方法 采取容量比例概率抽样法,在全市18个乡镇随机抽取30个行政村,每个行政村随机抽取7名2008年7月1日-2009年6月30日出生儿童,调查其免疫规划疫苗的接种情况.结果 卡介苗接种率为100%,脊灰疫苗接种率为100%,百白破疫苗接种率为99.05%,麻疹疫苗接种率为98.57%,乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率为97.14%,乙肝疫苗全程接种率为98.57%,乙脑疫苗接种率为97.62%,流脑疫苗接种率为98.10%,＂七苗＂全程接种率为96.19%.结论 永济市的免疫规划疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,但仍有提高的空间,在今后的工作中,要继续加大宣传力度,加强免疫规划工作人员的技术培训,进一步提高免疫规划疫苗合格接种率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.