职业性铅接触者免疫球蛋白和血铅与微量元素关系的研究

本文采用单向免疫扩散法对131名铅作业工人血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IGM)的含量进行了测定。同时采用原子吸收分光光度计测定了血液中微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Pb及尿Pb的含量。结果表明:铅接触组中血清IgG、IgA均低于对照组;IgM、IgG与铅接触者血铅含量呈高度负相关;尿铅与血铅呈明。明显的剂量一反应关系;当平均血铅值在0.02mg/dl以上时,血液中Zn、Cu、Fe微量元素出现了不同程度的降低。因此,我们认为金属毒物铅对机体的体液免疫及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe可能有不同程度的抑制作用。检测免疫球蛋白和有关微量元素含量的变化,对了解铅的毒性有一定的参考价值。至于能否将血清中免疫球蛋白和微量元素的变化当作诊断铅毒性的敏感指标之一,尚需进一步观察和探讨。     

硫胺素对实验性铅性肾病的治疗作用及其对纤维连接蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察硫胺素对铅性肾病的治疗作用,并从蛋白质和分子水平观察其对纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达的影响. 方法 SD大鼠72只适应性饲养1周,随机分为3组:正常对照组、染铅组、硫胺素组,每组又根据喂饮时间的不同分3个亚组.正常对照组予蒸馏水喂饮;染铅组给予0.5%的醋酸铅喂饮;硫胺素组在给予0.5%的醋酸铅喂饮的同时予硫胺素3 mg/100 g体重,注射用水稀释、灌胃每天一次.各组分别喂饮1,2,3个月.然后用原子吸收光谱石墨炉法测血铅含量;用热消化法测肾铅含量;用免疫组化的方法检测肾组织FN蛋白的表达,用RT-PCR的方法检测肾组织FN mRNA的表达. 结果 硫胺素组喂饮3个月后,大鼠血铅含量较染铅组显著下降.硫胺素组喂饮2个月后,大鼠肾铅含量较染铅组也明显降低.与染铅组比较,硫胺素组肾组织FN蛋白的表达在喂饮3个月后显著下降,而mRNA的表达在喂饮2个月后即显著下降. 结论 硫胺素不仅有驱铅的作用,对铅所导致的肾脏纤维化也有一定的保护作用.     

碘化钾对实验性铅性肾病的保护作用及其对干扰素-γ表达的影响

目的 观察碘化钾对铅性肾病的作用,并从蛋白质和分子水平观察其对干扰素-γ表达的影响. 方法 SD大鼠48只适应性饲养1周,随机分为2组.染铅组给予0.5%的醋酸铅喂饮;碘化钾组在给予0.5%的醋酸铅喂饮的同时予碘化钾3 mg/100 g体重,注射用水稀释灌胃每天一次.所有实验组中大鼠每天的饮水量大致相同,分别喂饮1,2,3个月.实验结束时称体重、肾重变化;原子吸收光谱石墨炉法测量血铅、肾铅含量;用ELISA法检测血清IFN-γ的含量. 结果 喂饮3个月后,碘化钾组与染铅组比较体重差显著增高,肾重/体重比显著降低;血铅、肾铅含量显著降低;而喂饮1,2个月时两组各指标比较无明显差异.血清IFN-γ的含量在两组中各时间点均无显著差异. 结论 碘化钾能拮抗铅对大鼠生长发育的影响,并有驱铅的作用,但对IFN-γ的影响不大.     

金属硫蛋白对儿童血铅及微量元素的影响

目的通过研究金属硫蛋白(MT)对儿童血铅及微量元素(Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu)的影响,为促进儿童健康成长提供理论依据。方法采用原子吸收光谱法对血铅及微量元素测定,口服MT后血铅及微量元素对比。结果服MT后血铅浓度降低,血锌、铁、镁浓度升高,血钙、血铜不显著。结论服用MT对降低儿童血铅,保持微量元素平衡有重大影响。     

驱铅灵对铅染毒大鼠血铅含量的影响

目的 观察中药复方驱铅灵降低铅染毒大鼠血铅含量的效果。方法 将SD大鼠分成6组[正常对照组，模型对照组，低、中、高剂量中药驱铅灵组，EDTA(依地酸钙钠)组]，以醋酸铅灌胃造模，以中药复方驱铅灵及EDTA进行驱铅治疗，以石墨炉无火焰原子吸收光谱法检到血铅浓度。结果 驱铅灵组及EDTA组大鼠血铅浓度显著低于模型对照组。结论 中药复方驱铅灵具有驱铅功效。     

结肠癌患者血清微量元素含量的测定

目的:为了探讨结肠癌患者血清微量元素含量的变化.方法:Cu、Fe和Zn均采用火焰原子吸收光谱法.Se采用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法.结果:与正常人血清相比结肠癌患者血清Cu和Fe含量明显升高,Zn和Se含量明显降低,Cu/Zn明显升高.结论:结肠癌患者血清中几种微量元素均有改变.     

肺癌患者血清微量元素含量的测定

目的：为了探讨肺癌患者血清微量元素含量的变化。方法：Cu、Fe和Zn均采用火焰原子吸收光谱法,Se采用流动注射氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法。结果：与正常人血清相比肺癌患者血清Cu和Fe含量明显升高,Zn和Se含量明显降低,Cu／Zn明显升高。结论：肺癌患者血清中几种微量元素均有改变。     

低压缺氧小鼠脏器微量元素变化与免疫功能关系的探讨

目的　探讨 5km急性低压缺氧小鼠肝脾微量元素变化及对免疫功能的影响。方法　小白鼠分 2组 ,5km低压缺氧 6 0min组及地面对照组 ,实验组 5km低压缺氧 6 0min。处死小鼠 ,取肝、脾烘干至恒重 ,采用火焰原子吸收法测定锌、铜、铁。结果　 5km低压缺氧小鼠肝中Zn、Cu、Fe的含量与对照组比较有差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;脾中微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe的含量与对照组比较有差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　 5km低压缺氧使小鼠肝中Zn、Fe、Cu含量降低 ,脾中Zn、Cu、Fe含量降低 ,提示 5km低压缺氧微量元素变化与免疫功能改变有一定关系。     

声源性发作大鼠脑中微量元素的初步研究

本研究采用原子吸收光谱分析法测量了声源性发作大鼠脑中微量元素Zn,Cu和Mn的含量,并计算出Zn/Cu比值。声源性发作鼠全脑中Zn和Mn含量及Zn/Cu比值降低,而Cu的含量增加。这些变化有一定规律性。结果表明,微量元素的含量及Zn/Cu比值的变化与实验性癫痫模型——声源性发作有一定关系。     

慢性染铅大鼠血清SOD、MDA的时间效应研究

目的研究慢性染铅大鼠血铅与血清SOD、MDA的时间变化效应,探讨SOD、MDA在铅中毒中的变化.方法SOD活性测定采用亚硝酸盐显色法,MDA含量测定采用硫代巴比妥(TBA)法.结果低剂量染铅大鼠血清SOD活力在60天以后低于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量染铅组SOD活力30天以后明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).高剂量染铅组MDA含量30天以后明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论慢性染铅过程中,SOD活性随染铅时间延长逐渐降低,MDA含量随染铅时间延长逐渐增加.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.