沙漠环境下石油工人职业紧张水平及肌肉骨骼损伤状况调查

目的调查沙漠环境下石油工人的职业紧张水平与肌肉骨骼损伤状况,探究影响肌肉骨骼损伤的因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取新疆某石油单位石油工人2 000名,进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷2 000份,回收有效问卷1 935份,问卷有效率为96.75%。石油工人的职业任务总分以及紧张反应总分低于国内常模,国内常模与应对资源总分相比较高(P0.05)。不同紧张组间颈肩部和腰背部肌肉骨骼损伤差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。影响石油工人骨骼肌肉损伤因素的Logistic回归分析中,性别、工龄、职业紧张程度3个变量进入了回归方程(P0.05)。结论石油工人职业紧张程度较高;男性石油工人患肌肉骨骼损伤高于女性,职业紧张程度高的石油工人患肌肉骨骼损伤高于低职业紧张水平的石油工人。     

石油钻探工人健康状况及影响因素研究

目的了解石油钻探工人的健康状况和健康的影响因素,为开展健康干预提供可靠的科学依据。方法采用自制调查问卷收集某石油钻探公司的810名在职钻探工人的职业相关信息,并收集该人群本年度的职业健康监护资料,通过统计学方法进行分析。结果石油钻探工人现患疾病的检出率高达64.9%,主要是消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病;最主要的健康问题是脂肪肝、痔疮和风湿性关节炎。年龄大和工龄长是疾病的主要危险因素。结论石油钻探工人的健康状况不容乐观,应采取有针对性地措施预防或降低疾病发生。     

职业紧张对制酸工人颈肩腰部疾患的影响

目的探讨职业紧张对硫酸制造工人颈肩腰部疾患的影响。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),调查498名制酸工人的职业任务、职业紧张反应、应对资源,参考北欧肌肉骨骼疾患标准问卷,调查制酸工作过去12个月内颈肩腰部出现的疼痛、不适、麻木症状。结果制酸工人颈、肩、腰部疾患患病率分别为56.2%、52.9%、61.2%,单因素分析结果提示,除年龄大、患其他疾病、弯腰30 min及以上、重度及以上劳动是影响制酸工人颈肩腰疾患因素外,较高职业紧张反应同样具有较大OR值,增加颈肩腰部疾患患病风险。logistic回归分析,除患其他疾病外,职业紧张反应也可增加颈肩腰部疾患的患病风险,OR值分别为3.32、3.33、2.47。结论职业紧张反应是颈肩腰部疾患患病的危险因素,消除紧张反应、增加应对资源可能会减轻制酸工人颈肩部疾患发生。     

技术工人职业紧张及影响因素分析

目的探索技术工人职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对技术工人(研究组)903例和工厂、机关、服务和商业职工(对照组)319例,共计1222例进行研究。结果技术工人的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项得分均显著高于对照组(P<0·01),自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组(P<0·01)。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0·358,P<0·01)。任务冲突、工作环境、责任感、任务模糊为个体紧张反应、业务、心理、人际关系(责任感、任务模糊除外)、躯体紧张反应(任务模糊除外,但包括任务不适、任务过重)的主要影响因素;年龄是个体紧张反应、业务、人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素;娱乐休闲、理性处事可降低个体紧张反应、心理、人际关系紧张反应;社会支持可降低业务紧张反应;自我保健可降低躯体紧张反应。结论针对技术工人的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低技术工人的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。     

职业应激与下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患的关系

目的 探讨职业应激与下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患的关系.方法 采用横断面研究设计和自报式问卷调查方法对13家企业5338名工人进行整群调查,采用修订的工作内容问卷和付出-回报失衡模式问卷调查职业应激状况.采用肌肉骨骼系统疾患调查表调查过去1年内下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患和不良姿势情况.使用logistic回归分析职业应激因素与下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患检出率之间的关系.结果 2个职业应激模式主要因子中,躯体需求和付出是臀部疾患的危险因素,而工作控制是臀部疾患的保护因素.当2个模式的主要因素一起分析时,仅有躯体需求是臀部疾患的危险因素.以4种工作类型的分类变量进行分析时,工作紧张是臀部疾患的危险因素,而付出-回报失衡是臀和膝部疾患的危险因素.随着患病部位的增多,工作紧张和付出-回报失衡的危险增加.工作控制的保护作用随患病部位的增加而增大.以连续变量进行分析时,以躯体需求计算的工作紧张是臀部疾患的危险因素,而付出-回报失衡是臀和膝部疾患的危险因素.结论 职业应激与下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患存在统计学意义的相关,下肢肌肉骨骼系统疾患的预防应考虑控制职业应激因素和增加工作控制.     

不同工作场所工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患的剂量反应关系

[目的]探讨工作场所工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患的剂量反应关系,为预防职业性肌肉骨骼疾患提供依据。[方法]用工效学负荷综合评估方法（CQEC）现场评估火力发电和人造板制造行业不同工作场所工人的工效学负荷,用Nordic量表研究调查对象的肌肉骨骼症状,用多因素分析二者间的剂量反应关系。[结果]工效学高负荷组的肌肉骨骼患病率高于低负荷组,且随着负荷增高,症状阳性率亦升高;多因素分析工效学负荷增高是患病的主要危险因素,随着负荷的增高,危险度（OR值）亦逐渐增大,在下背、手腕部位表现尤为明显。[结论]工作场所工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患存在一定的剂量反应关系,尤其是下背和手腕部位的负荷。     

汽车装配工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤危险暴露水平及发病调查研究

[目的]评估汽车装配作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤（work-related musculoskeletal disorders,WMSDs）危险暴露水平,探讨WMSDs暴露危险与损伤之间的关系。[方法]采用英国快速暴露检查表（QEC）和北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状调查问卷（NMQ）对1465名北方某汽车制造厂装配作业工人一般情况、暴露水平、WMSDs发生等情况进行流行病学调查。[结果]多数工人颈、背和肩（臂）3个部位的WMSDs处于高或极高暴露水平,不同工段作业工人风险暴露水平有差异。颈、背、肩（臂）和手（腕）4个部位WMSDs的发生率范围为4．98％～9．69％,WMSDs的发生率有随暴露水平的增加而增加的趋势。[结论]汽车装配作业工人存在WMSDs发生的暴露风险,不同身体部位和不同工段其暴露风险各有不同,颈、背、肩（臂）和手（腕）4个部位存在暴露水平-反应关系。     

肌肉骨骼超声图像特征与风湿疾病的相关性

目的：探讨肌肉骨骼超声图像特征与风湿疾病的相关性。方法：选取2020年12月～2022年12月本院收治的80例风湿疾病患者为观察对象,对所有患者通过肌肉骨骼超声检查,分析肌肉骨骼超声图像特征与风湿疾病的相关性。结果：通过肌肉骨骼超声图像检查发现,炎性关节病患者45例,其中包括类风湿关节炎患者25例,脊柱关节炎及其相关的关节炎11例,痛风关节炎9例,系统性硬化症患者21例,超声出现回声强度异常增强现象,风湿性多肌痛患者14例,不同类型的风湿疾病显示出不同的超声图像特征;不同风湿疾病患者超声总评分、积液评分对比无显著差异（P>0.05）,不同风湿疾病患者的滑膜血流评分、骨侵蚀评分、滑膜厚度评分对比差异显著（P<0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果显示：超声总评分、积液评分与风湿疾病无明显相关性（P>0.05）,滑膜血流评分、骨侵蚀评分、滑膜厚度评分与风湿疾病具有明显相关性（P<0.05）。结论：风湿类疾病包括风湿性多肌痛、系统性硬化症、痛风性关节炎、脊柱关节炎和风湿性关节炎,肌肉骨骼超声主要扫描位置表浅的肌肉与关节,能够早期发现骨骼和肌肉系统中出现的炎性反应,具...     

某海上石油钻井平台作业工人职业紧张反应与工作满意度调查

目的 初步探讨海上石油钻井平台作业工人职业紧张反应和工作满意度现况.方法 应用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)的分量表——个体紧张反应问卷(PSQ)和工作满意度问卷进行紧张反应和工作满意度水平的评价.结果 (1)心理紧张反应得分研究组显著高于技术工人常模(P＜0.01); (2)25岁～年龄段的紧张水平与＜ 25岁年龄段及≥35岁年龄段比较,得分有增高的趋势; (3)除躯体紧张反应外,有职业紧张反应组工作满意度评分均显著低于无职业紧张反应组(P＜0.05); (4)总紧张反应及各子项与工作满意度间均呈负相关关系(P＜0.01).结论 海上石油钻井平台作业工人的心理紧张反应突出,紧张反应越高,其工作满意度越低.     

汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学调查研究

目的 调查汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患的发生情况,探讨可能的相关影响因素.方法 选择北方某汽车制造公司1508名装配作业工人作为调查对象,采用区域工种检查表、北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状调查表(NMQ)与疼痛问卷,对调查对象的一般情况、不良工效学因素接触情况和肌肉骨骼疾患发生情况等进行流行病学横断面和回顾性调查.结果 汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发生部位以下背部为最高,其次为手腕部、颈部和肩部,发生较为严重的工段有发动机舱段、内饰段、门盖段、底盘段和调试段.发动机舱段和底盘段作业工人以下背部,内饰段以下背部和手腕部,门盖段以手腕部,调试段以颈部和下背部为肌肉骨骼损伤的主要部位.颈部肌肉骨骼疾患有随身高的增高而加重的趋势;吸烟可能会增加肌肉骨骼疾患的发生.结论 汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患发病较为严重,各工段发生部位各有不同,表现特征比较明显,可能与其存在的不良作业姿势或活动有关.作业工人身高和吸烟习惯可能是影响肌肉骨骼疾患发生的重要因素.     

Physical capacity in relation to low back, neck, or shoulder pain in a working population

Aims

To investigate the longitudinal relation between physical capacity (isokinetic lifting strength, static endurance of the back, neck, and shoulder muscles, and mobility of the spine) and low back, neck, and shoulder pain.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 1789 Dutch workers participated. At baseline, isokinetic lifting strength, static endurance of the back, neck, and shoulder muscles, and mobility of the spine were measured in the pain free workers, as well as potential confounders, including physical workload. Low back, neck, and shoulder pain were self‐reported annually at baseline and three times during follow up.

Results

After adjustment for confounders, Poisson generalised estimation equations showed an increased risk of low back pain among workers in the lowest sex specific tertile of performance in the static back endurance tests compared to workers in the reference category (RR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.71), but this was not found for isokinetic trunk lifting strength or mobility of the spine. An increased risk of neck pain was shown for workers with low performance in tests of isokinetic neck/shoulder lifting strength (RR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.67) and static neck endurance (RR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.49). Among workers in the lowest tertiles of isokinetic neck/shoulder lifting strength or endurance of the shoulder muscles, no increased risk of shoulder pain was found.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that low back or neck endurance were independent predictors of low back or neck pain, respectively, and that low lifting neck/shoulder strength was an independent predictor of neck pain. No association was found between lifting trunk strength, or mobility of the spine and the risk of low back pain, nor between lifting neck/shoulder strength or endurance of the shoulder muscles and the risk of shoulder pain.     

石油钻探工人职业生命质量及影响因素分析

[目的]了解石油钻探工人的职业生命质量及影响因素,为提高其职业生命质量提供参考依据。[方法]采用职业生命质量量表(QWL7-32)对某石油钻探公司的701名职工(钻探组595名,后辅组106名)进行调查。[结果]石油钻探组职业生命质量得分低于后辅组。钻探组职业生命质量较差者占21.8%,一般者占60.0%,较好者占18.2%;多因素分析结果显示影响石油钻探工人职业生命质量的主要因素有婚姻状况、年龄、工作适宜性、工作回报、工作协作、上级支持、管理措施和慢性病8个因素。[结论]影响石油钻探工人职业生命质量的因素是多方面的。但工作中各种职业因素对其各领域的影响日益突出,应提倡改善工作相关职业因素来提高人群的职业生命质量。     

The assessment of exposure to the risk of the manual lifting of patients and the results of clinical studies in the hospitals of Bolzano and Bressanone]

A study was made in two hospitals in the province of Bolzano in order to ascertain the possible relationship between risk due to manual lifting of patients and occurrence of back disorders in healthcare workers. Risk analysis was carried out in 16 wards, with 207 workers assessed by means of clinical/anamnestic check-up of the spine. In the majority of the wards analysed the index of exposure to patient lifting was average or high due mainly to the lack of equipment, unsatisfactory structures and furnishings, and organizational factors. This was particularly evident in the Bressanone hospital where there were fewer workers to each department. As regards the clinical assessment of the spine, from the overall analysis of the results it was seen that in the hospital in Bressanone the prevalence of degenerative disorders of the lumbosacral region of the spine was 3.9% and in the Bolzano hospital it was 5.7%. Similar differences were observed in the prevalences of episodes of acute low back pain reported in the previous 12 months: Bressanone 7.7%, Bolzano 3.8%. In both hospitals 3rd grade SAP was diagnosed in about 5% of the subjects examined and globally clinical/functional alterations of the lumbar spine were observed in 20% of the Bressanone workers and in 27.2% of the Bolzano workers. Management of the cases judged unfit for manual lifting of patients was particularly difficult because of the high percentage of such cases (8-9%). On the basis of these results, the administrations of both hospitals undertook a series of short-, medium- and long-term interventions in order to reduce the risk for the spine.     

Low back pain and lumbar angles in Turkish coal miners

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the incidence of low back pain among Turkish coal miners and to investigate the relationship between angles of the lumbar spine and low back pain in coal miners. METHODS: Fifty underground workers (Group I) and 38 age-matched surface workers (Group II) were included in the study. All the subjects were asked about low back pain in the past 5 years. The severity of low back pain was evaluated with 10 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (MOSW) was used to measure functional disability. Sacral horizontal angle (SHA), lumbosacral angle (LSA), and lumbar lordosis were measured through Cobb method. RESULTS: The prevalance of low back pain was higher in Group I than in Group II (78.0%, 32.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). The mean VAS score was higher in Group I than in Group II (P < 0.05). There was no difference in MOSW scores between the two Groups. The mean SHA was lower in Group I than in Group II (P = 0.02). No statistically significant difference was determined in lumbar angles of underground and surface workers with low back pain (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that low back pain occurred in 78.0% of Turkish coal miners. Although the nature of the occupation may have influenced coal miners' lumbar spinal curvature, lumbar angles are not a determinant for low back pain in this population. Further extensive studies involving ergonomic measurements are needed to validate our results for Turkish coal mining industry.     

Can a self-administered questionnaire identify workers with chronic or recurring low back pain?

To verify if the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) and physical examination of the lumbar spine can identify workers with chronic or recurring low back pain, using health history for reference. Fifty office workers of both sexes, aged between 19 and 55 yr, were evaluated using a standardized physical examination and the NMQ, VAS and RDQ. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine the discriminant properties of these instruments. A higher success rate (94%) was observed in the model including only the NMQ and in the model including the NMQ and the physical examination. The lowest success rate (82%) was observed in the model including the NMQ, RDQ and VAS. The NMQ was able to detect subjects with chronic or recurring low back pain with 100% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The NMQ appears to be the best instrument for identifying subjects with chronic or recurring low back pain. Thus, this self-reported questionnaire is suitable for screening workers for chronic or recurring low back pain in occupational settings.     

Predictors of sciatic pain among concrete reinforcement workers and house painters--a five-year follow-up

In a study of the association of occupation and several other determinants with the occurrence of sciatic pain, 167 concrete reinforcement workers and 161 house painters were followed for five years. Base-line data were obtained with a questionnaire, an interview on back symptoms, a clinical examination, and a radiograph of the lumbar spine. Follow-up data on back symptoms were obtained with a postal questionnaire. Concrete reinforcement work was associated with an increase in the risk of sciatic pain, in both a cross-sectional and a prospective study. Reported back accidents contributed to the risk of sciatic pain. Previous history of back symptoms was the most powerful predictor of sciatic pain prospectively. Degenerative changes were related to sciatic pain in retrospect, but prospectively this relationship was weaker. Body height and history of stress episodes showed some association with sciatic pain; abdominal muscle strength, body mass index, and smoking did not; and back muscle strength was associated only retrospectively.     

Epidemiology of occupational low back pain

There have been significant advances in our understanding of occupational low back pain over the last decade largely because of a noteworthy improvement in the number and quality of prospective trials. More recent work confirms that genetic factors may drive a large portion of thr risk factors. The importance of physical fitness and spine support muscle fitness is believed to protect against future occurrences. Psychosocial factors can play a role in increasing the risk of future low back pain and acute pain in becoming chronic. Some of the psychological influence may be through a muscular pain component. It is arguable that an emphasis should be placed on resources, education, and support to allow workers to be productive whether suffering from back pain or not.     

Worker turnover because of spinal pathologies in the wards and outpatient clinics of the hospitals of Leno and Manerbo, Brescia]

A total of 306 employees of the hospitals of the Leno/Manerbio health area underwent clinical and anamnestic examination in order to ascertain the existence of degenerative diseases of the spine associated with "manual handling of loads" risk. The prevalences obtained for positive anamnestic threshold concerning the lumbosacral spine, the trend of total acute low back pain and of low back pain in the last year showed lower values compared to the entire national group and in any case lower or only slightly above the values for the reference group of non-exposed subjects. Therefore, in order to assess the real prevalences of disorders due to incorrect load handling in hospital environments, it is important to assess the presence of associated disorders of the spine also and especially in outpatients departments. In fact, unsuitable or unfit staff had recently been transferred from the wards to outpatients departments. 56 workers from outpatients departments underwent physical-anamnestic examination: 16 workers (4.5% of the entire group under study) from average-to-high risk wards were identified as suffering from degenerative disorders of the lumbosacral spine. Therefore the prevalence of unfit subjects from hospital wards, cancelling the effect of the turnover factor on outpatients departments, led to an almost twofold total frequency, which rose from 6.9% to 11.4%.     

Radiographically detectable lumbar degenerative changes as risk indicators of back pain. A cross-sectional epidemiologic study of concrete reinforcement workers and house painters

The association between radiographically detectable degenerative changes in the lumbar spine and back symptoms was studied, along with the possible effect of occupational work load. The subjects were 216 concrete reinforcement workers and 201 house painters. A questionnaire provided information on work history and earlier back accidents, and a standardized interview produced data on back symptoms. The occurrence of disc space narrowing, anterior and posterior spondylophytes, and end-plate sclerosis was recorded separately for each intervertebral space from lateral lumbar radiographs. Moderate to severe degenerative changes were associated with increased risk of sciatic pain but not with the occurrence of lumbago or nonspecific back pain. The different types of degenerative changes provided no further information. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis degenerative changes and earlier back accidents were significant independent predictors of sciatic pain. When these two variates were allowed for, the effect of occupation was not significant.     

Prevalence of low back pain among staff in a rural hospital in Nigeria

A cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural hospital in south-western Nigeria to determine the prevalence of low back pain among its staff. The questionnaire administered to staff sought information on social and demographic characteristics, job history, smoking status, frequency and severity of low back pain and factors predisposing to low back pain. Seventy-four out of a total of 80 workers participated in the study. The prevalence of low back pain among staff was 46%. The highest prevalence of back pain (69%) was recorded among nursing staff, followed by secretaries/administrative staff (55%) and cleaners/aides (47%). Heavy physical work (45%), poor posture (20%) and prolonged standing or sitting (20%) were the most frequent activities reported to be associated with low back pain among these workers. The prevalence of low back pain among these workers is comparable to that of workers in high income countries. Health education on posture and correct lifting techniques can be introduced to reduce the burden of low back pain among these workers.