胎儿心脏超声心动图在先天性心脏病中的应用

目的：探讨胎儿心脏超声心动图在先天性心脏病检查中的应用价值。方法：以胎儿上腹部横断面、四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、三血管/三血管-气管切面为标准切面,快速筛查观察胎儿心脏结构形态是否正常,发现异常加做详细的超声心动图检查。出生后1周内全部进行新生儿彩色多普勒超声心动图检查,以尸体解剖结果、新生儿超声心动图检查及随访结果与胎儿心脏超声筛查结果相对照。结果：在2 200例胎儿中发现63例心脏结构异常,其中产前胎儿心脏超声发现非紫绀型先天性心脏病36例,发绀型27例,漏诊5例均为非发绀型先天性心脏病。结论：以上述5个切面为标准进行胎儿心脏超声筛查可排除心脏复杂性发绀型先天性心脏病。建议在进行胎儿产前常规超声检查时,以5个切面为标准切面快速进行胎儿心脏筛查,以降低胎儿先天性心脏病的漏诊率。     

超声心动图在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的价值

目的:探讨超声心动图在产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值.方法:应用超声心动图对孕16～40周的胎儿心脏进行检查.观察胎儿四腔心切面、左右室流出道切面、主动脉弓等切面二维声像图,并结合彩色多普勒进行分析.结果:在1125例胎儿中发现先天性心脏病17例,发病率1.5%.15例证实与诊断结果相符,诊断准确率为88.2%;误诊1例,误诊率5.9%;漏诊1例,漏诊率5.9%.结论:超声心动图对产前诊断胎儿先天性心脏病具有很高的敏感性及准确性,在胎儿产前心脏畸形筛查中有重要的应用价值且是首选诊断方法.     

产前超声对胎儿先天性心脏病的诊断价值

目的:探讨胎儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病)的超声诊断价值。方法:采用彩色多普勒超声对41875例孕20周以上的胎儿常规进行心脏普查,并与尸解及生后心脏手术结果及随访结果对照。结果:发现20例胎儿有先天性心脏缺陷,其中完全性心内膜垫缺损2例,原发孔性房间隔缺损3例,单心房、单心室、右室双出口、三尖瓣下移畸形各2例,室间隔缺损5例,法乐四联症2例。产前超声确诊16例,漏诊4例。结论:21孕周以上常规采用顺序显示法(四腔切面-五腔切面-左室长轴切面-大动脉短轴切面)进行胎儿心脏超声检测对先心病的诊断具有重要价值。     

超声五切面在筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值

目的探讨超声五切面(UAT、4C、LVOT、RVOT和3VT)在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中的临床价值。方法采用超声五切面对9237例孕16～41周胎儿进行心脏超声筛查,发现心血管异常或可疑异常,即进行详细的胎儿超声心动图检查。将产前超声检查结果与引产后尸解结果和产后超声心动图检查结果进行对照分析。结果 9237例胎儿产前超声诊断胎儿先天性心脏病38例,其中4例(10.53%,4/38)合并其它心内畸形,11例(28.95%,11/38)合并心外畸形。胎儿心脏畸形在五切面上的产前超声图像特征包括腹部大血管位置异常、心尖指向异常、非四腔心结构、四腔心不对称、室间隔缺损、冠状静脉窦扩张、室壁增厚、心腔占位、胸部大血管连接、数目、位置、瓣膜和内径比例异常、房室瓣反流、穿隔血流、主、肺动脉弓血流反向。38例胎儿心脏畸形均经病理解剖或产后随访验证,其中36例与产前诊断结果符合,1例法洛四联症误诊为永存动脉干,1例主动脉弓缩窄胎儿经产后超声心动图复查正常。漏诊3例,包括2例室间隔缺损和1例房间隔缺损。超声五切面筛查胎儿先心病的敏感度为90.24%,特异度为100%。结论超声五切面在产前筛查胎儿先天性心脏病中具有重要的临床价值,能够筛查出大多数的先心病,但对部分室间隔缺损和房间隔缺损易漏诊。     

彩色多普勒超声在胎儿先天性心脏病筛查中的临床价值分析

目的探讨产前彩色超声在胎儿先天性心脏病筛查中的临床价值。方法对3267例孕妇的胎儿心脏进行四腔心、左右室流出道、三血管切面、主动脉弓及动脉导管弓等切面进行扫查,并与引产后胎儿尸检结果或产后新生儿超声心动图检查结果进行对比研究。结果产前经超声筛查出先天性心脏畸形12例,9例经产后超声心动图证实吻合,3例经引产后尸解证实,漏诊2例室间隔缺损,1例主动脉弓缩窄,发病率为0.46%。胎儿心脏超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形准确率为80%。产前经超声检出的先天性心脏畸形12例,其中7例(58.33%)表现为四腔心切面异常,7例(58.33%)表现为左、右心室流出道切面异常,7例(58.33%)表现为三血管或三血管气管切面异常。结论产前行彩色多普勒超声筛查可发现心脏畸形,对优生优育有重要意义。     

超声筛查胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病

目的:探讨超声筛查和诊断胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析22088例孕13～40周胎儿的超声学资料,包括四腔心、左、右室流出道声像图,以及其新生儿期的超声学资料,分析胎儿期和新生儿期超声检出和诊断先天性心脏病的能力.结果:①共诊断先天性心脏病105例.产前超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形34例,包括:肺动脉闭锁3例、重度肺动脉狭窄1例、心内膜垫缺损7例、大动脉转位2例、法洛四联症2例、永存动脉干1例、单心室1例、右位心1例、无心畸形1例、心脏肿瘤1例、室间隔缺损12例(小于5mm室间隔缺损5例,大于5mm室间隔缺损7例)、房间隔缺损2例.中止妊娠24例,9例分娩后新生儿超声心动图证实,1例失访.②产后7天内心脏听诊、超声心动图共发现71例先天性心脏病,包括:24例室间隔缺损、3例房间隔缺损、17例动脉导管未闭、15例卵圆孔未闭、11例动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭、1例肺动脉闭锁.除去动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭43例,先天性心脏病产前超声检出率为54.8%.③单纯性室间隔缺损是最常见的先天性心脏病,超声诊断室间隔缺损36例,占先天性心脏病58%.产前检出12例,产后检出24例.单纯性室间隔缺损产前超声检出率33.3%.结论:大部分严重先天性心脏病可在产前诊断.常见的先天性心脏病产前常漏诊,单纯性室间隔缺损是发病率最高、产前漏诊最多的先天性心脏病.     

超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形

目的: 探讨超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏畸形的可行性及应用价值.材料和方法: 对5000例产前超声检查者常规观察胎儿心脏四个切面,即四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、三血管平面,疑有异常者行超声心动图检查.结果: 超声检查发现25例先天性心脏畸形,其中22例引产尸解证实,3例出生后超声心动图复查证实.漏诊室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损3例.结论: 胎儿心脏四个切面筛查能发现绝大部分先天性心脏畸形,包括大血管畸形,但易漏诊小的室间隔缺损及房间隔缺损.     

超声心动图在诊断胎儿先心病中的价值

目的探讨超声心动图筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的可行性及临床价值、意义。方法对5 851例孕妇进行超声心动图检查,筛查严重的胎儿先天性心脏病。结果经5 851例胎儿超声心动图探查,共检出88例胎儿心血管畸形。5 851例胎儿中漏诊肌部室间隔缺损3例。部分孕妇到上级医院进一步检查得到证实,部分生后超声心动图随访结果与产前诊断相符。结论胎儿超声心动图是检查胎儿心脏畸形的有价值的无创性检测技术,可以早期发现严重先心病胎儿,应用超声心动图筛查胎儿先天性心脏病是可行的。     

彩色多普勒超声筛查胎儿先天性心脏病的临床价值

目的探讨胎儿心脏超声在先天性心脏病筛查中的应用价值。方法对接受产前系统胎儿2892例孕妇采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行胎儿四腔心、左右室流出道及三血管切面的四切面扫描,进行对比研究。结果产前经超声筛查出先天性心脏畸形13例,10例经产后超声心动图证实,3例经引产后尸解证实,漏诊1例小的室间隔缺损,1例主动脉弓缩窄,发病率为0.52%(15/2892)。胎儿心脏超声筛查胎儿心脏畸形准确率为86.67%(13/15),产前经超声检出的先天性心脏畸形13例,其中8例(61.54%)表现为四腔心切面异常,4例(30.77%)表现为左心室流出道切面、右心室流出道切面异常,1例(7.69%)表现为三血管或三血管气管切面异常。结论产前胎儿心脏超声筛查在胎儿心脏具有重要的临床意义。     

普通二维超声在产前筛查胎儿先心病中的作用

 目的探讨产前常规普通二维超声(Two-dimensional ultrasound,TDU)筛选胎儿先天性心脏病(先心病)的可能性.方法对2 180例孕妇应用TDU扫查胎儿四腔心及大动脉短轴切面,对疑有心内畸形的胎儿进行初步诊断,并复查彩色多普勒超声心动图(Color Dopple echocardiography,CDE)和随访.结果初步诊断胎儿先心病24例,复查诊断相符20例,合并畸形部分漏诊2例,假阳性2例.产后发现假阴性3例.结论TDU可以产前筛查出大多数先心病胎儿.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.