几种掺假药材的杂质检验方法

对于一般药材（包括饮片）,通过外观性状、显微、理化等鉴别就不难确其真伪,但对一些掺假药材,目前尚无统一的杂质检验标准。本文介绍几种药材杂质鉴定及定量方法,简单易行。１杂质鉴别１１掺面粉：面粉不溶于水,遇水浑浊,加热糊化,直火烧冒黑烟,有焦香气。药材...     

应注意中药材非药用部位的混入

应注意中药材非药用部位的混入李利民（山东省荷泽地区药品检验所荷泽２７４０１４）从近两年来基层药品质量检查中发现，正品药材中往往混入大量的非药用部分，下面举几例阐述：１山茱萸药用果肉。药典规定果核、果柄等杂质不得超过３％，而检查中发现，果核、果柄有的占...     

2014年吉林省市场赤芍及其饮片质量分析和检验标准评价

目的：通过对10批赤芍药材及35批赤芍饮片的检验及探索性研究,对该品种的质量及法定标准作出分析与评价。方法：依据《中国药典》2010年版一部进行法定标准检验,在探索性研究中增加了赤芍对照药材的薄层色谱鉴别,并增加了水分、灰分的检查项目。结果：赤芍现行检验标准需要修订含量测定项,建议增加常规检查项目;2014年吉林省内流通的赤芍药材及饮片的质量较好。结论：建议增修订赤芍的现行检验标准,便于更好地控制赤芍药材及饮片质量。     

蒲黄药材及其饮片的质量分析

目的：评价蒲黄药材及饮片的质量。方法：通过对蒲黄药材及饮片的现行法定标准检验和探索性研究检验,综合评价其质量状况。结果：按现行法定标准检验蒲黄及其饮片134批次,不合格率为25.4%;通过探索性研究检验,发现染色、增重和掺假为影响本品质量的主要问题,且有用多种染色剂进行非法染色的情况。结论：蒲黄药材及饮片总体质量可通过法定检验和探索性研究检验予以监测,但其质量问题来源复杂,须从生产、流通、使用各个环节加强监督管理,综合进行质量控制以保障民众用药的安全与有效。     

饮片流通的规范与创新并行——广东康美药业股份有限公司的饮片流通改革之路

作为新时代的中药饮片企业，正在流通中扮演着越来越重要的作用，而企业的流通模式及流通过程中对饮片质量的追求，成为了确保饮片质量的最重要一环。     

炮制对人参药材及饮片含量差异的探讨

建立人参饮片的含量测定方法,并通过测定市售人参药材及饮片的总皂苷含量,进而探讨人参饮片的质量。方法：采用HPLC测定了5批人参药材及10批饮片中人参皂苷Rb1、Re、Rg1的含量。结果：人参药材与饮片总皂苷含量差异较大,且炮制后人参饮片中人参皂苷含量降低。结论：人参药材炮制后其质量存在明显变化,亟需制定统一标准进行质量控制。     

大黄类药材炮制前后蒽醌类化合物含量变化探讨

目的：探讨大黄类药材炮制前后蒽醌类化合物的含量变化情况。方法大黄类药材10份为研究对象,采取高效液相色谱法对比分析炮制前（药材）后（饮片）中蒽醌类化合物（大黄素与大黄酚）的含量变化情况。结果10份大黄药材炮制为大黄饮片后,饮片中大黄素＋大黄酚总量基本上都有明显升高,但有3份饮片中的总量要稍微低于药材;继而对药用大黄、掌叶大黄、唐古特大黄、藏边大黄四种药材与饮片中的大黄素与大黄酚含量对比分析可知,药材与饮片中大黄酚含量除了唐古特大黄之外,皆高于大黄素含量,其中唐古特大黄中的大黄素则远远高于其他三类大黄,其余三种大黄之间差异性不显著。结论大黄类药材炮制后,蒽醌类化合物（大黄素与大黄酚）的含量有明显的变化,大部分会出现升高现象,但也有少部分会出现降低。     

藤梨根与猫人参的性状鉴别及其临床应用

目的：鉴别藤梨根及猫人参，指出其资源及临床应用中的问题。方法：药材及饮片性状鉴别及商品调查。结果：列出藤梨根及猫人参的饮片性状、鉴别特征，发现临床用药中用药部位因药用资源紧张出现不同比例的茎藤。藤梨根和猫人参目前主要用于治疗各种肿瘤。结论：应加强资源保护和合理开发，药用部位的扩大应该有科学的临床依据。     

黔产黄精的多糖含量测定

目的：对黔产野生和栽培黄精药材和饮片进行多糖含量测定,为准确评价黔产黄精药材及饮片的质量,进一步开发和利用黔产黄精资源服务。方法：利用紫外分光光度法对不同品种、不同产地、不同生长环境的药材及不同炮制方法的黄精饮片进行多糖含量测定。结果：栽培黄精药材中多糖含量较野生黄精要高;不同产地的野生黄精样品中贵州水城产黄精多糖含量最高;不同产地的栽培黄精样品中贵州绥阳产黄精多糖含量最高。结论：不同产地的栽培、野生黄精药材多糖含量有明显区别;不同炮制方法所得的栽培、野生黄精饮片的多糖含量有明显区别。     

中药饮片现状的探讨

1药材市场的繁荣与饮片质量的不规范以前，中药饮片基本都是由各地饮片加工企业根据《中国药典｝）及各地的《炮制规范》进行集中加工，由国营医药经营部门独家经销。随着药材市场的开放搞活，繁荣了药材市场，促进了药材的流通，中药饮片单一的生产、经营格局被打破。由于中药饮片的丰富利润，使得国营、集体、个体经营者纷纷加入这一行列，价格的竞争也使得医院对中药饮片的进货多渠道化，其结果必然是中药饮片的质量良美不齐。同时，由于药检部门及医院进货人员侧重于药材的真伪，而对饮片的生产标准及成品的质量重视不够，致使部分不合…     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.