霉酚酸酯对系统性红斑狼疮患者免疫功能的影响

目的 观察新型免疫抑制剂霉酚酸酯（MMF）对系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）免疫功能的影响。方法 应用ELISA法、间接免疫荧光法和流式细胞术观察MMF、环磷酰胺（CTX）治疗前后SLE患者血清IL－6、IL－8、NTFα、sIL-2R、ANA、A－dsDNA及淋巴细胞亚群的变化以及MMF、CTX对造血系统、肝脏、肾脏功能的影响。结果 SLE患者经MMF治疗3个月后血清IL－6、IL－8、TNF－α、sIL-2R、ANA、A－dsDNA水平显著下降，CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD4^ 、CD45RA^ 细胞显著增高，CD8^ 、CD4?^ CD45RO^ 、CD86 CD45RA^ 、CD8^ CD45RO^ 细胞显著减少。对造血系统、肝脏、肾脏功能无明显损害。结论 MMF可选择性地抑制T、B淋巴细胞，是一种治疗SLE毒副作用较少的新型免疫抑制剂。     

再生障碍性贫血患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及HLA-DR抗原的变化及临床意义

目的：探讨再生障碍性贫血（再障）患者治疗前、后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及HI。A-DR抗原的变化及其临床意义。方法：采用流式细胞术检测28例再障患者治疗前、后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及HLA-DR抗原的变化，并与健康对照组进行比较。结果：①再障患者治疗前CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋明显低于健康对照组，CD8^＋、HLA—DR^＋则明显升高；重型再障组与普通型再障组比较，CD8^＋、HLA-DR^＋明显升高，CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋无统计学意义。②再障患者治疗后与治疗前相比，CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋明显升高，CD8^＋、HLA-DR^＋明显降低。③再障患者治疗有效者与无效者比较，CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋明显升高，CD8^＋、HLA-DR^＋明显降低。结论：再障患者存在T淋巴细胞亚群的失调及T淋巴细胞的异常活化，检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及HLA-DR抗原有助于再障患者的病情监测、疗效评价及预后判断。     

T淋巴细胞激活亚群在HIV感染中的变化及其临床意义

目的：研究HIV／AIDS患者T淋巴细胞激活亚群的变化，探讨其临床意义。方法：用流式细胞仪检测59例HIV／AIDS患者和51例健康献血员的T淋巴细胞，对其中40例患者的所有健康献血员进一步分析T淋巴细胞激活亚群（HLA－DR^ CD4^ 、HLA-DR^ CD8^ 和CD38^ CD8^ ）；用bDNA病毒定量检测仪检测59例HIV／AIDS患者的血浆HIV病毒载量。结果：与正常人组相比，HIV组和AIDS组的T淋巴细胞各激活亚群的百分比均显著升高，所有激活亚群均与T4细胞计数成反比，而与病毒载量成正比。其中，CD38^ CD8^ 亚群的百分比与T4细胞计数和病毒载量的相关性最为密切，相关系数分别为r=-0.603和r=0.523，（P＜0．01）。结论；HIV／AIDS患者的T淋巴细胞发生持续和异常的免疫激活，细胞激活程度与疾病进展高度相关，测定这些激活的T细胞亚群变化不仅有助于评价HIV／AIDS患者的免疫状况、判断病毒复制的活跃程度，而且对预示疾病进展和临床疗效评价方面均具有重要价值。     

老年非小细胞肺癌外周血CD25和HLA-DR^＋表达的临床研究

目的观察老年非小细胞肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞活化抗原CD3^＋／CD25和CD3^＋／HLA-DR的表达，进一步探讨肺癌的免疫功能。方法应用流式细胞双色免疫荧光标记技术对45例老年肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞活化抗原CD3^＋／CD25和CD3^＋／HLA—DR表达进行荧光免疫检测，并与中青年肺癌组、正常老年对照组和老年良性病变组，进行对比研究。结果45例老年肺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞中CD3^＋／CD25^＋和CD3^＋／HLA-DR表达明显低于正常对照组和良性病变组（P〈0．01）。老年组和中青年组之间其表达水平比较也有显著性差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。正常老年对照组和老年良性病变组之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期和Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期之间CD3^＋／CD25^＋和CD3＋／HLA-DR表达比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论检测外周血T淋巴细胞活化抗原CD3^＋／CD25^＋和CD3^＋／HLA-DR^＋的表达水平对了解老年肺癌患者的免疫状态和预后评估具有十分重要的意义。     

抗人细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4单克隆抗体对特应性支气管哮喘患者记忆性T淋巴细胞功能的影响

细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关抗原4（CTLA4）可以抑制变应原诱导的T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子的产生。而记忆性T淋巴细胞（CD45^＋RO^＋T淋巴细胞）在特应性支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）发病中起着重要作用。我们通过CTLA4对哮喘患者CD45^＋RO^＋T淋巴细胞的负向调控作用进行初步探讨。     

Graves病患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞及Foxp3mRNA表达的变化

目的通过比较Graves病患者和正常人外周血中CD4^＋和CD8^＋T细胞占淋巴细胞、CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及相关基因Foxp3mRNA表达的变化,探讨Graves病患者免疫机制中CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞亚群所起的作用。方法选择40例初次确诊Graves病的患者和40名健康自愿者,通过流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4^＋CD8^＋T细胞占淋巴细胞、CD4^＋CD25^和CD4^＋CD25^high细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的荧光强度。应用Real—Time PCR检测外周血单个核细胞Foxp3mRNA的表达。结果Graves病患者外周血中CD4^＋T细胞比例以及CD4^＋／CD8^＋的比值明显升高,而CD4^＋CD25^和CD4^＋CD25^highT细胞占CD4^＋T细胞的比例以及CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的荧光强度与正常人比较差异无统计学意义,Graves病患者外周血单个核细胞Foxp3mRNA的表达也无明显减少。结论Graves病主要通过效应性CD4^＋T细胞的体液免疫反应对甲状腺组织产生影响,CD4^＋CD25^＋T细胞的免疫抑制作用减弱可能仅是Graves病发病机制中的一个次要环节。     

肝硬化患者外周血及腹水T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的研究肝硬化患者外周血及腹水T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法流式细胞仪测定31例肝炎后肝硬化患者外周血及腹水T淋巴细胞亚群，同时检测15例正常人的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞（CD3^＋）、T辅助／诱导细胞亚群（CD4^＋）、T辅助淋巴细胞／T抑制淋巴细胞亚群（CD4^＋／CD8^＋）较正常对照明显降低（p＜0．01），腹水CD3^＋、CIM^＋、CD8^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋较外周血显著降低（P＜0．001）。结论肝硬化患者外周血及腹水T淋巴细胞亚群存在明显异常，表现为全身及腹膜腔局部的免疫力低下。     

燃煤型慢性砷中毒患者免疫功能改变的观察

目的 探讨燃煤型慢性砷中毒患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的改变。方法 选择贵州省兴仁县交乐乡病区有燃煤砷接触史，有慢性砷中毒症状，年龄在18-58岁的36例患者（男性19例、女性17例）和病区几公里以外的非燃用高砷煤的正常人（对照组）。抽取其外周血，采用单克隆抗体APAAP桥联酶标法进行T淋巴细胞亚群CD3^＋、CD4^＋,CD8^＋细胞检测。结果 CD3^＋、CD4^＋细胞和CD4^＋/CD8^＋明显低于正常人（P〈0．01），CD8^＋与正常人相比轻度增高。结论 燃煤砷对T淋巴细胞免疫功能有明显的抑制作用，能使T淋巴细胞的细胞粘附分子减少，T淋巴细胞免疫活性及信号传递作用减弱，辅助性T淋巴细胞与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞间的平衡失调。     

多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗免疫和Em原头节攻击后诱导小鼠脾细胞亚群变化的研究

目的探讨多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14—3—3疫苗免疫和Em原头节攻击后小鼠脾CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群数量和比值的变化。方法将疫苗采用皮下注射和鼻腔内接种分别免疫BALB／c鼠．免疫后8w用多房棘球绦虫原头节进行攻击感染，感染后18w杀鼠取脾，分离脾细胞。流式细胞仪检测脾CD4^＋和CD8^＋T淋巴细胞亚群的百分比．同时设有空载体、BCG和PBS对照。结果疫苗接种组的脾CD8^＋T细胞亚群显著增加．CD8^＋T细胞亚群无明显变化．CD4^＋／CD8^＋亚群比值明显升高；鼻腔内接种组的CD4^＋和CD4^＋／CD8^＋亚群比值显著高于皮下注射组。结论CD8^＋T细胞亚群在多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-Em14—3—3疫苗诱导的小鼠抗Em原头节攻击感染的保护性免疫机制中起关键作用，疫苗鼻腔内接种是一种较好的免疫途径。     

CTLA4-Ⅰg对老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞功能的影响

目的 研究老年支气管哮喘病人周围血CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞表达IL4及IL-13的情况及CTLA4-Ⅰg对其影响。方法 用ELISA方法测定老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞产生IL-4和IL-13的水平及CTLA4-Ⅰg对其影响。结果 老年支气管哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞分泌IL4、IL-13增多，IL-13增多较IL-4更为明显（P〈0．01），CTLA4-Ⅰg可有效抑制老年哮喘病人CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞分泌IL-4和IL-13（P〈0．01）。结论 CD4^＋CD45RO^＋T细胞产生的IL-4和IL-13在老年哮喘发病中起重要作用，CTLA4-Ⅰg可有效抑制IL-4和IL-13的分泌。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。