手指多段离断再植的临床研究

目的回顾性分析手指多段离断再植的临床效果。方法对于手指末节、指尖部的断指再植，吻合1条动脉及1条指腹静脉或者吻合1条动脉加拨甲、小切口放血处理，或者行动静脉转流等方法恢复断指血循环；手指中节和近节的离断再植吻合两侧指动脉和2条以上指背静脉，如血管损伤严重，可行浅静脉移植或者邻指动脉移植桥接。结果再植45例81指165段，成活150段，成活率91％。结论手指多段离断再植技术要求高，术中高质量的血管吻合及对血管损伤的有效处理，可以提高断指再植的成活率。加强功能锻炼是再植手指功能恢复的重要环节。     

652指断指再植的临床体会

目的再植指成活是断指再植早期目的,再植指功能恢复是断指再植最终目的。方法末节甲根部以远指体离断采用：（1）吻合一条动脉,一条静脉或两条静脉;（2）吻合一条动脉,另一条动脉作动静脉转流（即远端动脉与近端静脉吻合）;（3）吻合一条或两条动脉,附加拔除甲板或离断指体侧缘小切口放血治疗。单纯血管缺损或伴有血管、皮肤软组织缺损离断指采用移植血管、微型游离皮瓣治疗。结果本组应用显微外科技术再植652指,成活628指,成活率96．3％。术后随诊1-3年,根据断指再植功能评定标准总优良率75．3％。其中离断指伴有血管缺损或皮肤软组织缺损35指,成活35指,成活率100％;甲根部以远指体离断107例。97例成活,成活率90．7％。结论随着显微外科的发展,显微外科技术不断进步．人们生活水平不断提高,对再植指的要求也越来越高,因此对再植手指的适应证应加以放宽。     

离断远端缺乏可吻合静脉的末节断指再植28例

目的 探索手指末节离断无可吻合静脉的断指再植的方法.方法对离断远端缺乏可吻合静脉的末节手指离断,将远端指固有动脉的1条分支与近端的指固有动脉吻合后,然后将远端另外1条指固有动脉或动脉弓与离断近端的静脉吻合,以重新建立血液循环.结果 临床应用28例,34指,术后除1例因手指远端压伤过重术后坏死外,其余断指均一期成活,获随访的22例,随访时间2年,断指无萎缩变细,皮肤颜色正常,外观及感觉恢复良好,指间关节屈伸活动基本恢复正常.结论 手术方式操作简单可行,断指再植术后重新建立血液循环,术后不需要小切口放血及拔甲等处理,再植成功率高,是手指远端离断缺乏可吻合静脉的断指再植的有效方法之一.     

邻指指动脉岛状皮瓣顺行转移在手指离断再植中的应用

目的探讨应用邻指指固有动脉岛状皮瓣顺行转移桥接再植复杂手指离断的方法和临床效果。方法自2009年5月至2011年7月,对11例挤压、撕脱手指离断,离断手指存在较大面积皮肤软组织缺损,断指近端存在一侧或两侧指固有动脉毁损,近端血管无法吻合再植的断指,应用邻指指固有动脉岛状皮瓣顺行转移桥接再植,以邻指指固有动脉为轴线,指掌侧总动脉为蒂旋转串联重建断指远端血供,同时解决断指皮肤软组织缺损的问题。原则上皮瓣远端不超过手指中节中远1/3交界处,皮瓣两侧不超过指掌、背侧中线,皮瓣切取面积1.2 cm×1.5 cm~2.2 cm×2.5 cm。结果术后皮瓣及再植手指全部成活,随访时间6~12个月,皮瓣外形及弹性良好,患指长度近似原长度。按中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定标准评定,优7指,良3指,差1指。结论指固有动脉及掌侧总动脉血管恒定,位置表浅,皮瓣顺行旋转,相邻指血管管径相匹配,是复杂断指再植的有效方法。     

动脉与指腹静脉吻合术在末节断指再植中的应用

手指末节离断是指拇指近节指骨或其他手指在中节指骨远端以远的部位离断[1]。由于末节断指的血管较细小,吻合困难,需精细的吻合技术,其静脉不易吻合成功。2003年5月～2006年1月,我们对末节断指吻合一侧指动脉并另一侧动脉静脉化治疗断指再植60例,疗效满意。现报道如下。1资料与     

多指节段性毁损性离断再植

目的 扩大断指再植适应证,提高断指再植术后功能的恢复。方法 1996年2月-1999年8月,对8例23指节段性毁损性断指进行缩短再植,骨支架行克氏针固定,18指修复了指伸、屈肌腱,每指均吻合单侧（6指）或双侧（17指）指固有神经,动、静脉吻合比为1：2或2：3,血管缺损5指8条,行自体静脉游离移植,结果 8例23指再植全部成活,5指二期行DIP融合术,术后随访10-18个月,1指锤状指畸形,余各指痛,温觉恢复,两点辨别觉6-12mm,患手恢复了捏夹,钩提及抓握等基本功能。结论 多指节段性毁损性离断进行缩短再植对恢复手的功能有益。     

复杂伤断指再植的临床体会

目的 探讨复杂伤断批的显微外科手再植术式和治疗。方法 对11例22个复杂伤断指进行细致而彻底的清创。指骨缺损长度大于10mm行节段植骨。采用两定点方法吻合血管。对单纯血管缺损长度大于5mm,切取前臂远端掌侧皮下小静脉移植再植;对指血管－神经－皮肤复合缺损,采用邻指含指固有动脉及半行静脉、指固有神经主干皮瓣转位再植,或切取Mu趾腓侧含趾背静脉、趾底动脉神经的半月形皮瓣桥接再植。结果 术后完全成活19个手指。随访4－31个月,断指再植功能评定：优3指,良12指,差4指,优良率78.9％。结论 各种克服组织缺损的断指再植,获得了较满意的再植后手指长度、外形与功能。     

绞窄伤断指动脉缺损再植的探讨

目的 探讨动脉缺损断指再植的手术效果。方法 断指近端动脉缺损施行静脉移植或邻指动脉移植，断指远端动脉缺损施行静脉动脉化。结果 15指动脉缺损断指再植，术后13指成活。结论 动脉缺损的断指再植，术中需行血管移植或静脉动脉化，成活的关键是掌握再植指征、显微操作技术和术后血管危象处理。     

静脉动脉化在手指再植与再造中的应用

目的探讨静脉动脉化再植与再造修复手指创伤的方法。方法对手指斜行离断伤、复合组织块离断伤、套脱伤，离断的部分不含动脉或动脉血管纤细无法吻合，或技术因素经多次动脉吻合失败，无法再吻合时，采用静脉动脉化再植，共7例8指。在切取拇甲瓣或第二足趾再造拇、手指时，由于血管变异无法携带可吻合的动脉进行移植、移植术中多次吻合动脉失败或术后发生动脉广泛栓塞，无动脉可再吻合时，改用静脉动脉化修复血管，共2例。结果9例全部成活。术后随访6个月．3年，功能恢复：优5例，良3例，可1例，优良率达89％。结论静脉动脉化手指再植与再造，对无法行动脉吻合的手指及复合组织离断伤，是一种可行的治疗方法。对游离足趾或足趾复合组织移植再造手指术，若动脉系统出现问题，该方法是挽救指体的一种补救措施。     

手指冠状位离断伤再植

目的探讨手指冠状位离断伤的临床特点及再植方法。方法 2006年12月至2008年6月,治疗2例6指冠状位离断伤,采用指固有动脉转位与中节指背静脉吻合,同时吻合近端指背静脉。结果断指均成活,有1指出现表皮小部分坏死,换药处理后愈合。术后随访6～8个月,断指外观及功能均满意。结论采用指动脉转位再植修复手指冠状位离断伤效果良好。     

仅吻合动脉的指尖再植30例

目的探讨指尖再植的治疗经验．方法对30指指尖离断进行再植,吻合指端动脉弓以远一条动脉分支21指．吻合两条动脉弓分支6指,指端动脉弓以近吻合一条指动脉3指,均未吻合静脉。缝合神经28指．术后所有再植指均未给予指腹侧方切口放血或甲床放血治疗。结果成活28指,坏死2指．成活率为93．3％。术后随访6～36个月,7指指甲有不同程度畸形,5指指腹轻度萎缩,3指指腹软组织略变硬．1指创口有瘢痕痛。其中16指外形良好,感觉恢复正常,两点辨别觉为3-6mm,运动功能正常、结论对离断指内血管损伤程度的正确评估和高质量的血管吻合是指尖再植成活的关键,指尖再植静脉不易吻合．术后可根据再植指情况给予放血治疗。     

Replantation of untidily amputated finger, hand, and arm: experience of 99 replantations in 66 cases

Three problems the authors think important in replantation of untidy amputations are discussed based on our 99 replantations with the success rate of 92.6% over a 4-year period. To restore circulation in this type of amputation, such techniques as transfer of blood vessels, use of a neurovascular island flap with neurovascular anastomoses at its distal margin, vein graft, and free split-skin graft directly on the anastomosed blood vessels are recommended. Recovery of tendon gliding when replanted proximally to the MP joint was reasonably good but not when replanted distally to it. Recovery of intrinsic muscles was generally poor. Protective sensation was usually regained, although occasionally accompanied by paresthesia. Amputation of single digit was found not to be an absolute indication for replantation except for the thumb. In multiple digital amputation, more important digits should be restored by amputated digits in better condition. Replantation for cosmetic improvement may be justified in such cases as unmarried young females. In infants, replantation is especially worthwhile because good functional recovery and good further growth can be expected.     

吻合动静脉与只吻合动脉的Ⅲ型末节断指再植的对照研究

目的观察末节Ⅲ型断指再植中吻合动静脉与只吻合动脉的临床病例对照。方法2000年1月-2007年12月收治的174例213个Ⅲ型末节断指,根据吻合血管的不同分为A,B,C三组,A组104指吻合了指腹静脉,B组44指近端指腹静脉与远端动脉做动脉静脉化,C组65指未吻合静脉。比较再植成活率和术后血管危象发生情况。结果本组总成活率923％。重建静脉回流的148指成活144指,成活率97．3％;未重建静脉回流的65指成活53指,成活率81．5％。有统计学差异。结论重建静脉回流可有效提高Ⅲ型末节断指再植成活率、减少静脉危象的发生。     

铡草机致多指、多节段指体离断的再植

目的 探讨铡草机所致不同类型断指的手术方法 和疗效.方法 单手指再植,应用传统方法 再植;多指、多节段再植应根据伤情、人员组成、再植的顺序等方面进行合理的规划后有序的进行再植;无再植条件的指体则进行残修、皮瓣修复或足趾再造.结果 36例患者离断79指、再植69指、成活63指,成活率91.3%.术后随访3月～2年,按中华医学会手外科分会断指再植功能评定试用标准评定：优44,良10,可6,差3,优良率85.7%.结论 铡草机所致的不同断指经严格掌握再植适应症、周密的手术计划与术中精细操作、术后精心护理和早期功能锻炼,再植指体存活率高,外观及功能良好.     

The effects of the number and ratio of repaired arteries and veins on the survival rate in digital replantation

From January 1990 to December 1998, 631 consecutive single-digit replantations were reviewed retrospectively to determine the essential number of vascular anastomoses and the artery-to-vein ratio for successful finger replantation. The correlations between the number and the ratio of anastomosed vessels and the survival rate were examined according to the amputated digital levels, and all of the correlated results were compared with each other statistically. In zone I, the survival rate of the digits with a vein repaired was higher than that of digits treated with the external bleeding method. In zone II, repairing more arteries than veins led to venous congestion and resulted in a failure of replantation. Thus, the ratio of an equal or greater number of veins repaired to the arteries repaired was an important factor in successful replantation in zone II, which may be due to the large amount of arterial input relative to the small volume of venous drainage via small veins in the replanted digit. In zone III, the equal number of arteries and veins repaired was also an important factor in successful replantation. However, unlike zone II, even when more arteries were repaired than veins, venous congestion occurred rarely because the vein in this area was larger, providing sufficient venous drainage. In zone IV, repair of two veins was needed to yield good results. Because the volume of the amputated part in zone IV was larger than in other zones, it was desirable to repair both arteries, even though repairing one artery yielded good results. In conclusion, it is desirable to repair as many vessels as possible to increase the possibility of a good result. However, digital amputations and their conditions for replantation differ. Therefore, the number and ratio of vessels that need to be repaired should be modified and adjusted in each case.     

动静脉转流术在手指末节脱套样离断伤中的应用

目的探讨应用动静脉转流的方法再植手指末节脱套性断指的可行性和临床效果。方法对12例12指脱套性断指采用逆行再植顺序,应用动静脉转流的方法重建血液循环。结果12例再植11例成活,术后随访6～14个月,手指感觉和运动功能恢复良好。结论对于找不到可供吻合静脉的末节脱套伤断指,应用动静脉转流的方法再植是可行的。     

吸烟对再植断指血管危象发生率影响的临床观察

目的 探讨吸烟对断指再植术后血管危象发生率的影响及机制。方法 观察吸烟后发生血管危象比率;分析血管危象发生时间、处理结果;比较吸烟方式对血管危象发生的影响。结果 吸烟显著增加再植断指血管危象发生率,被动吸烟者超过主动吸烟者;血管危象大多(94．87％)发生在14日内,其中85．33％为动脉危象,6．67％为静脉危象,8．0％为混合危象;血管痉挛因素明显高于血栓因素。结论 吸烟极易诱发血管危象;指动脉顽固性痉挛、血液粘稠度增加是吸烟导致血管危象的主要病理机制。     

Recovery of sensation in replanted digits— time of recovery and degree of two-point discrimination

Even if good motor function returns in a replanted digit, if no useful sensation returns, the digit cannot be considered fully functional. In such cases sensory reconstruction with nerve grafts may be necessary, but it is difficult to determine the optimal time for such surgery. Therefore, we studied 37 replanted digits in which the palmar digital nerves had been severed bilaterally and anastomosed at the replantation procedure. Our findings indicate a correlation between the time at which sensation returned to the digits and the degree of two-point discrimination (2PD) that returned. In digits in which sensation returned less than four months after replantation, a 2PD of less than 15 mm returned in more than 50% of cases, but when more than four months passed before the return of sensation, a useful degree of 2PD seldom returned. We believe, therefore, that if the recovery of sensation in a replanted digit has not been satisfactory by four months after replantation, reconstructive surgery should be considered.     

仅吻合一侧指动脉的甲根部断指再植25例

目的 介绍甲根部断指再植的一种方法。方法 对甲根部平面离断的25例病人，采用吻合一侧动脉，吻合口以远动脉弓发出的分支分别结扎，保留一条较细中央分支，不行静脉吻合或动脉静脉化。结果 25例中24例再植成活，1例坏死，成活手指外观、功能好。结论 只吻合一侧动脉、不吻合指腹静脉、吻合口以远动脉弓发出的分支分别结扎保留1条较细中央分支的断指再植方法，手术省时、有效。