甲状腺功能异常与稳定性心绞痛患者心房颤动的相关性

目的探讨甲状腺功能异常与稳定性心绞痛患者心房颤动的相关性。方法将360例稳定性心绞痛患者根据是否合并房颤分为房颤组和窦性心律组,比较窦性心律组及房颤组患者高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、甲状腺素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平。结果房颤组FT4及hs-CRP水平显著高于窦性心律组(P0.05)。2组TSH及FT3比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TSH0.55 m IU/L及4.78 m IU/L组患者hs-CRP及FT4水平均显著高于0.55~4.78 m IU/L组,房颤发生率显著高于0.55~4.78 m IU/L组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,甲状腺功能异常与稳定性心绞痛患者房颤发生的比例为甲状腺功能正常者的2.5倍(OR=2.56,95%CI为0.99~6.87)。结论存在甲状腺功能异常的稳定性心绞痛患者发生房颤的概率增加。     

曲美他嗪片在稳定型心绞痛患者中的作用

目的 探讨曲美他嗪片在稳定型心绞痛患者中的作用.方法 将180例稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为两组,曲美他嗪组在标准治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪片,对照组给予标准治疗.观察患者半年中心绞痛发作的情况以及2年内进展为心肌梗死的情况.结果 联用曲美他嗪片治疗的患者心绞痛发作的频率明显减少,差异有统计学意义;两组进展为心肌梗死的患者比较差异无统计学意义.结论 曲美他嗪片能对抗交感毒性作用,改善缺血心肌细胞的能量代谢,维持跨膜钠-钾泵的正常转运功能,减少细胞内酸中毒以及钙超载,维持缺血心肌细胞的收缩功能和减轻氧自由基对心肌细胞的损伤作用,从而缓解心绞痛发作次数和改善患者的预后.     

Effect of L-arginine on platelet aggregation, endothelial function adn exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris

AIM: Examination of the action of donor NO (L-arginine) on platelet aggregation, endothelial function and exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina of effort (SAE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 42 patients with SAE (functional class I-II) and 10 healthy volunteers (control group) were assigned to two groups. 22 patients of group 1 were randomized to cross-over. They received cardiket (60 mg/day for 10 days or cardiket (60 mg/day) in combination with L-arginine (15 g/day for 10 days). 20 SAE patients of group 2 and control group received L-arginine (15 g/day for 10 days). In each group blood lipids were examined, and bicycle exercise test (BET) was performed. In addition, platelet aggregation and endothelial function were studied in group 2 and control group before and after the course of L-arginine. RESULTS: Compared to control group, endothelial function significantly improved in group 2 (from 5.0 +/- 2.9 to 7.8 +/- 4.1% vs 7.1 +/- 1.9 to 6.6 +/- 4.8%) (M +/- SD). BET duration increased in all the patients. After ADP addition in concentrations 1.5, 2.0, and 5.0 micromol/l platelet aggregation declined in 17 patients except 3 in whom the aggregation remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Positive effect of L-arginine on endothelial function, exercise tolerance and platelet aggregation was observed in patients with stable angina of effort (functional class I-II). Therefore, arginine can be recommended as an adjuvant in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease.     

肌钙蛋白I水平与不稳定性心绞痛患者近期预后的关系

目的本研究旨在探讨血清肌钙蛋白 I(Tn I)水平与不稳定性心绞痛 (UA)患者近期预后的关系。方法对 3 8例 U A患者进行血清 Tn I定量测定 ,观察住院期间心脏事件发生率。结果 3 8例中 16例 (4 6% ) Tn I为 (0 .3 1± 0 .3 3 ) μg/L明显高于余 2 2例 Tn I(0 .0 3 3±0 . 0 2 7) μg/L(P<0 .0 1) ;Tn I升高组住院期间急性心肌梗死 (AMI) ,心脏性猝死、顽固性心绞痛的发生率明显高于 Tn I正常组(4 5 .2 %比 8.1% ,P<0 .0 1)。结论血清 Tn I值升高对判断 UA患者近期预后有较好的预测价值     

Efficacy of conventional and sustained-release verapamil in stable angina pectoris.

The efficacy of sustained-release (s.r.) verapamil and conventional verapamil were compared in a double blind, crossover study in 20 patients (age 53 +/- SD6 years) who had stable effort angina and had used betablockers and long acting nitrates for at least two weeks. All patients received s.r. verapamil 200 mg b.i.d. and conventional verapamil 120 mg t.i.d. in a randomised order for two weeks. A symptom limited bicycle exercise test was performed at the end of the patients' previous medication period with betablocker plus long acting nitrate and at the end of both verapamil treatments in the morning before drug administration and three hours thereafter. All the patients improved subjectively during both verapamil regimens according to NYHA classification and they had fewer anginal attacks. The time to onset of ST-segment depression during exercise remained shorter during beta-blockade and long acting nitrates than during both verapamil regimens (P less than 0.05). During the peak action three hours after drug administration conventional verapamil was most effective at comparable workloads (P less than 0.05), whereas the exercise time was slightly prolonged with s.r. verapamil before drug administration.     

Chronic stable angina pectoris. Risk stratification and treatment.

Workup of stable angina patients begins with careful history taking and evaluation of various risk factors, physical examination, and a resting electrocardiogram (ECG). A noninvasive exercise stress test is valuable for risk stratification. Abnormalities on a resting ECG or equivocal results on a stress test warrant an exercise test combined with thallium scintigraphy, which is more sensitive and specific. Cardiac catheterization is advisable for patients with chest discomfort and multiple risk factors, even if results of thallium testing are negative. Patients with severe or progressive angina or congestive heart failure should also have cardiac catheterization. Nitrates, beta-adrenergic blockers, and calcium channel blockers are cornerstones of medical therapy. Revascularization with coronary artery bypass graft is recommended for patients with left main coronary artery disease, left ventricular dysfunction, or severe proximal three-vessel coronary artery disease. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a good alternative for one- or two-vessel disease. Three-vessel PTCA can be accomplished, but its real role still remains to be established.     

Ranolazine: new approach for the treatment of stable angina pectoris

Myocardial ischemia is a metabolic problem involving reduced delivery of oxygen to cardiac mitochondria, resulting in less ATP formation, acceleration of glycolysis and production of lactate and H+ by the cell. Traditional therapies for ischemia aim at restoring the balance between mitochondrial ATP production and breakdown by reducing the need for ATP via suppression of heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac contractility, or by increasing oxygen delivery via increased myocardial blood flow. Despite optimal treatment with traditional hemodynamically oriented drugs (beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, Ca2+ channel antagonist and nitrates), many patients continue to suffer from angina. Thus, there is a need for anti-anginal drugs that act directly on cardiomyocytes to lessen the metabolic abnormalities induced by ischemia and reduce the symptoms (chest pain and exercise intolerance). Ranolazine has been demonstrated to improve exercise time to angina or 1 mm of ST-segment depression in a manner similar to currently approved drugs, but without any significant effects on heart rate or blood pressure at rest or during exercise. In two Phase III trials, ranolazine improved exercise tolerance and reduced the frequency of angina attacks in chronic severe angina patients when administered either as monotherapy or on a background of atenolol, amlodinine or diltiazem. At present, ranolazine is under review for US Food and Drug Administration approval and, if approved, it will represent the first drug of its class in the USA.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者窦性心率震荡及其与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的 评价不稳定型心绞痛患者窦性心率震荡(HRT)指标变化及其与冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系.方法 应用相应的分析软件对60例确诊为不稳定型心绞痛患者的24 h动态心电图检查结果 进行分析,并与40例健康体检者比较其HRT指标;对不稳定型心绞痛组冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉评分与HRT进一步进行线性回归分析,评价HRT与冠状动脉病变程度的关系.结果 不稳定型心绞痛组震荡初始(TO)、动态心率震荡(TD)明显高于健康对照组[(1.18±1.23)%与(0.39±2.06)%;(-0.082±0.087)ms/(RRI·bpm)与(-0.148±0.104)ms/(RRI·bpm),P<0.05];震荡斜率(TS)明显低于健康对照组[(1.66±0.77)ms/(RRI·bpm)与(4.46±0.09)ms/(RRI·bpm),P<0.001).亚组分析中冠状动脉多支病变组较单支病变组TS减小(P<0.05),TD增大(P<0.05);冠状动脉病变评分>10分组TS显著变小[(1.46±0.84)ms/RI·bpm与(1.97±0.49)ms/(RRI·bpm),P=0.01],TD增大[(-0.059±0.053)ms/RRI·bpm与(-0.119±0.112)ms/(RRI·bpm),P<0.01];各亚组TO变化差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);冠状动脉病变与HRT指标线性回归分析,TS与冠状动脉病变支数负相关(r=-0.296,P<0.05),与冠状动脉病变评分负相关(r=-0.372,P<0.05);TD与冠状动脉病变支数正相关(r=0.353,P<0.01),与冠状动脉病变评分正相关(r=0.510,P<0.05).结论 不稳定型心绞痛患者的心率震荡现象明显减弱,尤以TS和TD变化显著;并且与冠状动脉病变的严重程度有一定相关性.TD在测量时不受室性期前收缩前心率的影响,与TS联合检测可提供更客观的预测价值.     

肝素加运动治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效探讨

为探讨肝素在冠心病治疗中的作用，将２０例冠心病患者分两组进行比较分析。Ａ组：肝素加运动，共１０例患者，按标准方法进行２０次踏车运动试验，每次踏车运动前２０分钟静脉注射肝素钠５０００Ｕ；Ｂ组：单独肝素组，共１０例患者，进行皮下注射１０次，每次肝素钠１００００Ｕ，试验期间不做运动试验。全部患者在第１次应用肝素前２４小时和最后１次应用肝素后２４小时均行症状限制性踏车运动试验。在Ａ组，运动总时间从７．１３±０．８９分钟（ｘ±ｓｘ，下同）增加到１１．６７±１．０４分钟（Ｐ＜０．００１），最大血压心率乘积从２４０４．００±３１２．００ｋＰａ／ｍｉｎ增加到３１８２．００±４９５．００ｋＰａ／ｍｉｎ（Ｐ＜０．００１），而Ｂ组上述参数无明显改变。结论：肝素配合运动能够加速侧枝循环的建立，而单独应用肝素则无此作用。运动诱发心肌缺血可始动肝素再生血管的作用。本试验为冠心病的治疗提供了又一新的、有效的、实用的治疗方法     

Ranolazine: new approach for the treatment of stable angina pectoris

Myocardial ischemia is a metabolic problem involving reduced delivery of oxygen to cardiac mitochondria, resulting in less ATP formation, acceleration of glycolysis and production of lactate and H+ by the cell. Traditional therapies for ischemia aim at restoring the balance between mitochondrial ATP production and breakdown by reducing the need for ATP via suppression of heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac contractility, or by increasing oxygen delivery via increased myocardial blood flow. Despite optimal treatment with traditional hemodynamically oriented drugs (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, Ca2+ channel antagonist and nitrates), many patients continue to suffer from angina. Thus, there is a need for anti-anginal drugs that act directly on cardiomyocytes to lessen the metabolic abnormalities induced by ischemia and reduce the symptoms (chest pain and exercise intolerance). Ranolazine has been demonstrated to improve exercise time to angina or 1 mm of ST-segment depression in a manner similar to currently approved drugs, but without any significant effects on heart rate or blood pressure at rest or during exercise. In two Phase III trials, ranolazine improved exercise tolerance and reduced the frequency of angina attacks in chronic severe angina patients when administered either as monotherapy or on a background of atenolol, amlodinine or diltiazem. At present, ranolazine is under review for US Food and Drug Administration approval and, if approved, it will represent the first drug of its class in the USA.     

Trimetazidine in geriatric patients with stable angina pectoris: the tiger study

This study aims to assess the efficacy and tolerance of the metabolic antianginal agent trimetazidine, a 3-KAT inhibitor, in 141 stable angina patients aged 65-86 years. Efficacy was assessed with exercise tests and clinical evaluation after 12 weeks of treatment. The main outcome was an increase in exercise duration by 52 +/- 92 sec (p < 0.001). Other exercise test parameters also improved, with no change in rate-pressure product. Angina attacks and short-acting nitrate consumption significantly decreased, indicating an improvement in quality of life. Two adverse events were reported (gastric pain and dyspepsia) but they were mild and transient. In conclusion, in elderly stable angina patients, trimetazidine improves exercise stress tests and angina symptoms. Because of its metabolic effect, free from any haemodynamic action, trimetazidine proved to be beneficial in elderly patients and with an excellent tolerance profile.     

曲美他嗪对冠心病稳定性劳力型心绞痛患者心肌缺血的影响

目的探讨曲美他嗪对冠心病（CHD）稳定性劳力型心绞痛患者心肌缺血的影响。方法选择在1周内经2次运动试验,结果为阳性且运动持续时间变异低于10％的CHD稳定性劳力型心绞痛患者40例,在原有治疗不变的情况下,加用曲美他唪20mg,3次／d,治疗12周。治疗前后均行平板运动试验,观察用药前后下述指标的变化：①用药前后每周心绞痛发作的次数;②每周硝酸甘油片的用量;③心率及心率与收缩压的乘积;④运动诱发心绞痛发作所需的时间;⑤运动后ST段下降1mm所需的时间;⑥运动持续时间;⑦总工作量。结果曲美他嗪应用12周后,患者每周心绞痛发作次数及硝酸甘油片的用量明显下降（P〈0．05）,而对心率及心率与收缩压的乘积的影响无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与试验前相比,运动耐量和总工作量显著提高（P〈0．01）,至心绞痛发作的时间及ST段下降1mm所需的时间均明显延长（P〈0．01）。不良反应较少。结论曲美他嗪能增加CHD稳定性劳力型心绞痛患者的运动耐量,改善运动诱发心绞痛的心肌缺血,且安全有效,易于耐受。     

曲美他嗪治疗稳定型心绞痛的疗效观察

目的：观察曲美他嗪辅助治疗稳定型心绞痛的疗效和安全性。方法：选择稳定型心绞痛患者110例,随机分为两组,对照组（52例）为常规心绞痛用药,曲美他嗪组（58例）在常规用药基础上加用曲美他嗪20mg,口服,每日3次,连续8周。结果：曲美他嗪组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;两组均无不良反应发生。结论：在常规药物治疗基础上加用曲美他嗪能更有效地缓解心绞痛,使运动耐量增加,且耐受性好,因此曲美他嗪是辅助治疗心绞痛安全、有效的药物。     

冠状动脉钙化积分、血压变异性与不稳定型心绞痛的关系

目的探讨不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者冠状动脉钙化积分（CCS）与血压变异性（BPV）及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系,并评价CCS与BPV对经皮冠状动脉腔内介入治疗（PCI）的UAP患者预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年6月在我院心内科住院首次接受冠状动脉造影（CAG）及PCI治疗的466例UAP患者,入选患者均在PCI术前接受320排螺旋CT心脏冠状动脉成像检查及24h动态血压监测（ABPM）,分别测量CCS及血压变异系数（CV）,入选病例按CCS分为CCS≤100,CCS101～400和CCS〉400三组,比较三组患者血压变异性及冠状动脉病变严重程度的差异,PCI术后对三组患者进行12个月的随访,记录术后死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、靶病变血运重建及再发心绞痛入院等主要心脏不良事件（MACE）发生情况。结果CCS〉400组患者24h收缩压变异系数（SBP-CV）,24h舒张压变异系数（DBP．CV）高于其他两组（13．2±2．2vs．12．4±2．2vs．11．8±1．7;10．8±1．5vs．10．3±1．5vs．9．7±1．0,P〈0．05）;冠状动脉病变更为严重,表现为冠状动脉多支病变比例、B2／C型病变比例及冠状动脉病变Gensini积分均显著升高（47．6％vs．29．1％vs．18．3％;45．0％vs．27．3％vs．15．7％;56．8±16．9vs．52．8±13．6vs．36．7±17．1;P〈0．05）;并且CCS与SBP-CV呈正相关（r=0．322,P〈0．05）。随访12个月,Kaplan-Meier生存分析发现三组患者累积无MACE事件生存率差异有统计学意义（88．8％vs．84．2％vs．77．2％,Logrank8．044,P=0．005）,在校正了年龄后,多因素Cox回归分析显示CCS〉400及SBP-CV是UAP患者PCI术后MACE发生的独立预测因子。CCS〉400组患者较CCS≤100组患者术后发生MACE的风险增加4．741倍（RR=4．741,P〈0．01）。结论CCS较高的UAP患者具有较高的血压变异性,并且冠状动脉病变更为严重,CCS及24hSBP．CV对接受PCI治疗的UAP患者的临床预后具有预测价值。     

Biofeedback-wave rehabilitation therapy in combined treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris

160 patients with stable stress angina pectoris (SSAP) received combined treatment. One of the modalities was information-wave impact generated by devices Azor-IR, Chrono-DMW (microwaves), Chrono-EHF. The impact from Azor-IR proved most effective as it reduced the amount of medication without loss of therapeutic activity.