兔动脉硬化时脑血管血液动力学参数变化及相关性分析

本文报道了兔动脉硬化时，脑血管血液动力学参数（ＣＶＨＰ）的变化。动脉硬化组（ＡＳ组）颈动脉平均血流量（Ｑｍｅａｎ）、平均血流速度（Ｖｍｅａｎ）、最大血流速度（Ｖｍａｘ）、最小血流速度（Ｖｍｉｎ）和脑血管零压顺应性（ＣＯ）显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），脑血管外周阻力（Ｒ）及脑血管特性阻抗（Ｚｃ）显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５及０．００１）。颈动脉病变程度与Ｑｍｅａｎ、Ｖｍｅａｎ和ＣＯ有显著负相关（Ｐ＜００５），与Ｒ和Ｚｃ有显著正相关（Ｐ＜００５及０．０１）。Ｑｍｅａｎ与Ｖｍｅａｎ、Ｖｍａｘ和ＣＯ有显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），与Ｒ和Ｚｃ有显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１及０．０５）．对照组（Ｃ组）与ＡＳ组回归方程比较，Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｖｍａｘ和Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｒ斜率ｂ有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１及０．００１）；Ｑｍｅａｎ－Ｖｍｅａｎ、Ｑｍｅａｎ－ＣＯ和Ｑｍｅｎａ－Ｚｃ截矩ａ有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。     

地奥心血康对心肌缺血再灌犬血清肾上腺素含量，心脏指数及总外周血管阻力的影响

杂种犬随机分为地奥心血康治疗组（ＤＫＧ）及生理盐水对照组（ＣＧ）。应用荧光法测定血清去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）含量，定时测定平均动脉压（ＭＢＰ），心输出量（ＣＯ），计算总外周血管阻力（ＴＰＶＲ），心脏指数（ＣＩ）。结果显示：（１）再灌后的ＭＢＰ在ＤＫＧ与ＣＧ之间无明显差异，Ｐ＞０．０５；（２）再灌２４０ｍｉｎ时，ＤＫＧ中ＣＩ值高于ＣＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＥ值与ＴＰＶＲ值明显低于ＣＧ（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）ＤＫＧ中ＮＥ与ＣＩ无相关性，ＣＧ中二者呈负相关，ｒ＝－０．６８３１，Ｐ＜０．０１；（４）两组ＣＩ与ＴＰＶＲ均呈负相关，ｒ＿（ＣＧ）＝－０．７７８３，Ｐ＜０．００１，ｒ＿（ＤＫＧ）＝－０．５２１８，Ｐ＜０．００１。     

重症肌无力血清sIL-2R和AchR-ab水平变化的研究

本文对４０例健康成人和４０例不同临床类型的重症肌无力（ＭＧ）病人（全身型和眼肌型），进行了血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ）和乙酰胆碱受体抗体（ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ）检测。结果发现全身型和眼肌型ＭＧ患者的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．００１），而全身型的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于眼肌型（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ阴性组的ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ明显高于ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ阳性组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｓＩＬ-２Ｒ与ＡｃｈＲ-ａｂ之间经相关性分析，相关系数为-０．４２０８，Ｐ＜０．０５，呈明显负相关。     

TNF与急性早幼粒细胞白血病

１６例急性早幼粒细胞白自病患者血清ＴＮＦ活性明显高于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０５），而经ＲＡ诱导分化治疗中期及治疗后明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），但仍高于正常对照组。各治疗时相的外周白细胞浆内ＴＮＦ平均水平及正常对照间均无明显差别（Ｐ＞０．０５），治疗前及治疗中期胞浆ＴＮＦ活性升高率明显高于治疗后或正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０５）。相关分析表明：血清ＴＮＦ活性水平与外周血ＷＢＣ总数或骨髓ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ无明显相关，而与     

生活事件和Ⅰ型,Ⅱ型精神分裂症

采用生活事件自评量表分别评定了５７例Ⅰ型和３９例Ⅱ型精神分裂病人及６０名正常人，结果发现Ⅰ型病人的生活事件明显多于Ⅱ型（Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ⅰ型病人的生活事件多于正常对照组，主要是工作中的问题（Ｐ＜０．００１）和社交方面的问题（Ｐ＜０．０５）。正常对照组的正性生活事件明显多于Ⅰ型病人（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ⅱ型病人的生活事件明显低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），主要是生活中的问题（Ｐ＜０．００１）。     

瞬目反射在糖尿病患者中的应用

３０例糖尿病患者的瞬目反射（ＢＲ）结果显示，糖尿病组左右两侧Ｒ１、Ｒ２、Ｒ２’各反应波潜伏期均值比较无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），将两侧值平均后与正常人比较，各反应波潜伏期有不同程度的延长，以Ｒ２和Ｒ２’延长显著（Ｐ＜０．０１—０．００１），且各波波幅均值低于正常人（Ｐ＜０．００１）。表明糖尿病性中枢神经系统损害可影响脑干，受损部位以桥脑为主。糖尿病病程与ＢＲ反应波的潜伏期异常率有一定关系，病程长的ＢＲ异常率高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而空腹血糖水平与ＢＲ反应波潜伏期异常率无一定关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＢＲ对揭示临床症状不显的糖尿病性中枢神经系统损害可提供客观而灵敏的指标。     

肾综合征出血热病人恢复期血清对汉滩病毒感染体外培养神经元的保护作用

目的用体外培养的昆明小鼠胚胎脑皮质神经元，感染汉滩病毒后，加入肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）病人恢复期血清，观察病毒感染神经元后细胞的变化以及ＨＦＲＳ病人恢复期血清对神经元的保护作用。方法将病毒感染的神经元加入不同浓度的ＨＦＲＳ病人恢复期血清（同时设立阴性血清对照组及正常细胞对照组和感染病毒对照组），使用ＭＴＴ比色试验检测神经元存活情况。结果各组神经元活性的ＭＴＴ比色试验显示，病毒感染组与未感染对照组比较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１），阴性血清对照组与正常细胞对照组比较，差异也有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＨＦＲＳ病人恢复期血清保护组与阴性血清对照组各小组间比较差异也都有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论ＨＦＲＳ病人恢复期血清具有一定的中和病毒保护培养的神经元作用     

晚期卵巢癌患者可溶性白细胞介素2受体的检测及临床意义

应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对２０例晚期卵巢癌患者外周血及腹水中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）进行了测定，并以１８例良性卵巢肿瘤及１５例正常人做对照。结果显示，卵巢癌患者术前血ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显高于卵巢良性肿瘤及正常对照组，分别为６９５．４±１８５．６，３７５．５±１５１．３，３０６．４±１４８．７，且具有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；卵巢癌腹水中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ明显升高，与对照组相比（分别为７５３．６±２１０．７；３１２．０±１７８．４）具有非常明显的差异性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；卵巢癌患者经手术后，血ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ含量明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），推测卵巢癌患者细胞免疫功能紊乱可能与ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ异常升高有关。     

新生儿硬肿症患儿尿视黄醇结合蛋白改变的临床意义

为了解新生儿患儿肾小管功能变化，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测３６ 例新生儿硬肿症患儿尿视黄醇结合蛋白（ＲＢＰ）。结果显示硬肿症患儿尿ＲＢＰ明显高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ，中、重度硬肿症组均高于对照组（ Ｐ＜０ ．０５ ，Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。而轻度硬肿症组与对照组的差异无显著性（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） ，提示中、重度新生儿硬肿症患儿存在有肾小管功能的损害。     

甲亢患者血清β_2─MG浓度变化及其临床意义

β２－ＭＧ在机体的免疫功能方面扮演一个重要角色。本文测定８１例甲亢患者血清中β２－ＭＧ浓度变化，发现甲亢患者血清中β２－ＭＧ明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）和甲亢经治疗缓解组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；而甲亢缓解组与正常对照组间则无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示血清中β２－ＭＧ浓度变化可作为了解甲亢患者的免疫学状态及甲亢之辅助诊断、疗效观察的指标。     

Further investigation of the association between gastroesophageal reflux and bronchoconstriction

A double-blind modification of the intraesophageal acid perfusion challenge (Bernstein procedure) was performed in asthmatic subjects with and without gastroesophageal reflux, nonasthmatic subjects with reflux, and normal subjects. Conventional spirometric functions and total respiratory resistance (Rrs) were measured prior to and after the infusion. There were no changes in pulmonary functions except in the asthmatic subjects who had had a positive add challenge. The greatest changes occurred in Rrs, which increased significantly with reflux symptoms (p < 0.01) and decreased toward baseline (p < 0.05) when these symptoms were relieved with antacids. The response was even greater in asthmatic subjects who associated reflux symptoms with attacks of asthma. These results support previous findings that acid reflux symptoms could cause a bronchoconstrictive response in certain asthmatic patients.     

基于Matlab无创正压通气下呼吸道气阻与顺应性的在线测算方法研究

目的 在无创正压通气下,避免对呼吸道内部进行操作以及自主呼吸和漏气的干扰等,研究有效在线动态测算呼吸道气阻（resistance, R）和顺应性（compliance, C）的方法。方法 在呼气末气流为0时,控制呼气支持压（expiration positive airway pressure,EPAP）跃降1个幅度为Δp和时间宽度为Δt的负脉冲气压;在该负脉冲气压作用下,呼吸道出现短暂释放气流;通过获得Δt时间段的释放气流计算R和C。另外,基于Matlab建立通气模型,模拟正常成人、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)患者和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）患者的呼吸,进行仿真实验,获取仿真数据并计算验证。结果 根据仿真数据计算得到正常成人、ARDS患者、COPD患者R和C与实践赋值的误差分别为1.6%和-1.6%、1.21%和-1.19%、-12.53%和14.32%。结论 该算法测算呼吸道R和C具有可行性和适应性。仿真研究结果有助于智能通气、比例辅助通气模式的研究与实现。     

Defensiveness and Perception of External Inspiratory Resistive Loads in Asthma

This study examined the relationship between defensiveness, as measured by the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS), and the perception of an externally applied respiratory resistance among people with asthma. Thirty asthmatic adults breathed through nine levels of inspiratory resistive load. Participants higher on the MCSDS were less accurate than others in psychophysical magnitude estimates of resistive load, and showed a reduced relationship between the physical load and the quality of respiratory sensations associated with exposure to the resistors. Defensive subjects also showed a differentially high increase in correlation between unpleasantness of respiratory sensations and resistance levels after receiving parenteral naloxone. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness may increase risk of asthma morbidity, due to inaccuracy in detecting sensations of dyspnea during asthma exacerbations. The inaccuracy may be caused by elevated endogenous opioids among defensive individuals.     

Performing Mental Arithmetic Increases Total Respiratory Resistance in Individuals with Normal Respiration

The effect of performing mental arithmetic problems on total respiratory resistance was examined in 30 male college students. Each student was assigned to one of two conditions: those in one group performed an easy arithmetic task whereas those in the other group performed a difficult arithmetic task. Total respiratory resistance, measured with the forced oscillation technique, increased more in individuals who performed the difficult arithmetic task than it did in individuals who performed the easy arithmetic task. These findings are consistent with respiratory resistance changes exhibited by asthmatic patients under conditions of stress.     

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial respiratory pathogens from Norway is low

Objectives   To determine the degree of bacterial susceptibility to the most commonly used drugs for respiratory infections in Norway, and to find if bacterial resistance is emerging.
Methods   Clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae and group A streptococci from respiratory tract specimens and from the eye were collected from different parts of Norway during two study periods. During the first period (1993–1994), three laboratories, covering 15% of the Norwegian population, participated. During the second study period in 1997, five laboratories, covering 27% of the population, collected respiratory isolates. In total, 494 isolates of S. pneumoniae , 696 isolates of H. influenzae and 694 isolates of group A streptococci were included in the study. The study population comprised children and adults attending hospital and general practice. Bacterial susceptibility was determined by the E test, and breakpoints were according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).
Results   The prevalence of bacterial resistance was low, and we observed no significant increase in bacterial resistance between the two study periods. In 1997, only 0.6% of pneumococci had decreased susceptibility to penicillin, 1.6% of group A streptococci were resistant to erythromycin, and 6.7% of all isolates of H. influenzae produced β -lactamase.
Conclusions   The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens in Norway is low.     

呼吸道感染标本嗜血杆菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解本院呼吸道感染标本中嗜血杆菌的临床分布及耐药情况。方法标本接种于嗜血杆菌巧克力平板,对分离到的嗜血杆菌进行鉴定、β-内酰胺酶试验和药敏试验。结果嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶的产生率为21．8％．对氨苄西林、阿莫西林／棒酸、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟、左旋氧氟沙星、红霉素、复方新诺明的耐药率分别为28．4％、16．4％、10．2％、3．1％、31．1％、90．2％和52．9％。结论嗜血杆菌是呼吸道感染的主要致病菌。阿莫西林／棒酸和二代三代头孢菌素的敏感率高于其他抗生素。加强嗜血杆菌耐药谱监测．合理使用抗生素是延缓耐药菌株快速上升的最好方法。     

Antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin and other antibacterial agents among common respiratory pathogens—a Brazilian perspective from the GLOBAL Surveillance Initiative 2001–2002

The GLOBAL (Global Landscape On Bactericidal Activity of Levofloxacin) Surveillance programme monitored antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the key respiratory tract pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis collected in Brazil during 1997-1998, 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Penicillin and azithromycin resistance among S. pneumoniae strains increased from 1997-1998, reaching 7.9% and 9.5%, respectively, in 2001-2002. Although decreasing by 4.9% since the previous study, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole resistance remained high at 33.7%. Concurrent resistance to penicillin, azithromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was seen in 2.9% of the S. pneumoniae isolates collected. Levofloxacin remained extremely active against S. pneumoniae, with 0.3% resistance reported in 1997-1998 and 0% resistance in 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. beta-Lactamase production in H. influenzae was > 10% in all three studies, with correspondingly high rates of ampicillin resistance. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was the least active agent tested against H. influenzae, with resistance rates of > 40% recorded in all three studies. All H. influenzae isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, azithromycin and levofloxacin. Of the M. catarrhalis isolates, 98.0% in 1997-1998, 98.0% in 1999-2000 and 81.8% in 2001-2002 were beta-lactamase-positive. The continued high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Brazil underscores the importance of current surveillance initiatives. Levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone prescribed widely for respiratory tract infections, continued to show potent activity against key respiratory pathogens.     

Oxidative phosphorylation in brain mitochondria of rats differing in their sensitivity to hypoxia

Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 7, pp. 49–51, July. 1991.