经纤维支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄的探讨

目的评价经纤维支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄的应用价值。方法纤支镜对23例气道狭窄患者进行治疗,从狭窄再通疗效、并发症进行评价。结果23例患者进行了治疗,显效14例（61％）;有效6例（26％）,无效3例（13％）。结论经纤支镜APC治疗气道狭窄是有效、安全、并发症少的方法。     

经支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄临床观察

目的 探讨经支气管镜氩气刀治疗在气道狭窄的作用及安全性评价.方法 对140 例确诊为中心气道狭窄的患者,在积极治疗原发病的同时,经支气管镜引导进行氩离子凝固术APC.根据狭窄再通和气促评分情况评价疗效.结果 经支气管镜介入治疗1 个月后评价疗效.完全有效62 例(44.3%),部分有效55例(39.3 %),轻度有效2...     

经纤维支气管镜氩离子凝固治疗气道狭窄

氩离子凝固(APC)又称氩气刀，是一种应用高频电流将氩气流电离，以非接触性方式达到组织凝固的方法。将氩离子用导管经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)导入气道内对病灶进行治疗称为经纤支镜APC治疗。我科应用APC治疗了18例气道狭窄患，现报道如下。     

气管镜介入治疗对120例良性气道狭窄的疗效分析

目的探讨多种气管镜介入治疗方法对不同病变类型气道内良性狭窄的疗效。方法经气管镜治疗的良性气道狭窄患者120例,其中气道内瘢痕组55例,肉芽肿组53例,气道良性肿瘤12例。采用支气管镜下氩等离子体凝固（argon plasmacoagulation,APC）、冷冻、内支架等方法进行治疗,并从狭窄程度及气促评分等方面进行疗效分析。结果经支气管镜APC结合冷冻对气道内瘢痕、肉芽肿、良性肿瘤的处理效果相似。治疗后三组狭窄程度和气促评分较术前均有明显改善,表明APC结合冷冻对良性狭窄的治疗效果立竿见影。结论 APC可一次性大部分清除气道内良性肿瘤和肉芽组织,快速缓解气道梗阻症状。同时配合冷冻治疗,延缓复发时间,后期单用冷冻治疗,可达治愈效果。治疗过程中慎用金属支架。     

经支气管镜介入治疗恶性气道狭窄

<正>恶性肿瘤所致的气道狭窄往往患者在狭窄后短时间内出现胸闷、气憋、喘息,并且病情进展迅速,临床症状明显。恶性气道狭窄因发现时已处于中晚期,是呼吸科医生一直以来面临的难题。近些年,随着研究及治疗方法的探索,现在支气管镜介入技术的发展,这些疾病多数都可以经过介入治疗达到良好的效果[1]。查阅相关资料加深对目前关于气道狭窄在支气管镜下的治疗方法的了解,并熟知各种应用支气管介入治疗恶性气道狭窄的适应症、并发     

电子支气管镜下支架植入联合氩气刀治疗恶性肿瘤引起中央气道狭窄的临床观察

目的观察电子支气管镜下支架植入联合氩气刀治疗恶性肿瘤引起中央气道狭窄的临床疗效,缓解患者呼吸困难症状。方法回顾31例患者的临床资料,分析支架一次性置入成功率等、治疗前后p H值、动脉血氧分压(Pa O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、动脉血氧饱和度(Sa O2)、用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和气促评分变化,评价治疗后中央气道狭窄疗效,以及术后并发症及处理情况。结果30例患者支架一次性置入成功,成功率96.77%。治疗1周,患者气道阻塞症状减轻,p H值、Pa O2、Pa CO2、Sa O2及FVC、FEV1较治疗前明显改善,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。气道支架置入后1周,呼吸困难症状均明显缓解,治疗后患者气促评分明显优于治疗前,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。治疗即刻及治疗后3月患者中央气道狭窄疗效相似,差异无统计意义(P0.05)。术后6例咽喉及胸骨后疼痛、10例刺激性咳嗽、7例痰中带血、3例术后再次狭窄、1例大咯血猝死和1例术后支架边缘出现瘘口。中央气道狭窄程度级别越高,并发症发生的例次越高,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。结论电子支气管镜下支架植入联合氩气刀能有效缓解恶性肿瘤引起的中央气道狭窄,快速缓解患者呼吸困难症状,是非常有效的姑息治疗手段之一,但是中央气道狭窄程度越重,术后并发症发生率越高。     

暂时性金属裸支架治疗晚期肺癌中心气道狭窄的探讨

目的观察经可弯曲支气管镜置入呼吸道暂时性镍钛合金裸支架治疗肺癌中心气道狭窄的临床疗效和安全性。方法 38例伴有气管、主支气管外压性狭窄为主的晚期肺癌患者,确诊后先予置入暂时性国产镍钛合金裸支架。置入支架前生活质量Karnofsky评分为42±13(x珋±s),气促指数为2.9±0.7。支架通过支气管镜直视下定位释放置入,通过上拉线取出法或下拉线取出法取出支架。结果 38例每例均置入1枚支架,均一次成功置入。支架置入后狭窄管腔均迅速扩大,置入后第2天气促指数、Karnofsky评分与置入前比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。支架置入后均行放疗或/和化疗,支架于置入后1～3个月予取出。未见与支架置入及取出相关的严重并发症。结论暂时性金属裸支架治疗晚期肺癌中心气道狭窄疗效确切,为后续的放化疗创造了条件,同时避免了支架长期放置的并发症,且支架的置入及取出操作简单安全,值得临床推广应用。     

支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌的临床观察

目的探讨支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌气道狭窄的临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析56例经支气管镜活检病理确诊的合并中心气道狭窄的晚期肺癌患者,在局部麻醉下采用支气管镜介导下联合应用氩气刀和高频电刀治疗;以病变狭窄获得再通、临床症状改善进行即时疗效评价,疗效判断标准:完全有效,患者呼吸困难症状消失,腔内新生物完全清除,气道恢复通畅;部分有效,患者呼吸困难症状改善,腔内新生物大部分被清除,超过50%的狭窄管腔重新开放;轻度有效,患者呼吸困难症状改善,腔内新生物小部分被清除,管腔狭窄改善不足50%,经引流狭窄远端肺部炎症消散;无效,腔内新生物未清除,患者呼吸困难无改善。结果 56例患者共行肿瘤热消融术治疗105次,一般每个患者治疗1~4次,最多一例治疗11次。临床评价完全有效8例(14.3%),部分有效27例(48.2%),轻度有效21例(37.5%),即时有效率为100%。术中、术后患者未出现严重并发症。结论局部麻醉下行支气管镜介入热消融术治疗中央型晚期肺癌疗效佳,并发症少,麻醉风险低,患者耐受好,值得借鉴和临床推广。     

经纤维支气管镜置入气道支架治疗气道狭窄35例的临床分析

目的了解气道狭窄患者经纤维支气管镜置入气道支架的近期及中远期疗效。方法对35例安置气管支气管支架的气道狭窄患者随访1～12个月,评估疗效、合并症。结果 35例气道狭窄患者均能顺利置入气管支气管支架,术中无患者死亡,置入后呼吸困难、喘憋症状能即刻明显改善,肺功能各指标有明显改善(P<0.05),短期(<30 d)有效率为91.4%,12个月存活率为65.7%。并发症包括肉芽组织增生、肿瘤组织增生、支架断裂、支架移位以及气管、支气管瘘等。结论对于气道狭窄患者使用气管支气管支架置入疗效显著,能够迅速缓解症状,安全性较好,并发症主要发生于30 d之后。     

支气管镜下氩离子凝固术联合高频电刀及冷冻治疗气道狭窄的疗效观察

目的 探讨氩离子凝固术联合高频电刀及冷冻术(三联疗法)治疗气管狭窄的临床疗效.方法 本研究招募80名气管狭窄患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例.观察组患者予氩离子凝固术、高频电刀和冷冻术三联治疗,对照组患者仅行高频电刀治疗.观察两组患者气管再通的治疗效果,治疗前后的血气指标、呼吸困难严重程度、气管狭窄程度以及术后并发...     

In vitro study of the safety limits of bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation in the presence of airway stents

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the safety limits of bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) around indwelling airway stents. METHODOLOGY: This is an experimental in vitro study simulating a patient-care environment. Uncovered and covered Nitinol (Ultraflex), uncovered and covered Wallstent and studded silicone stents were deployed in the tracheobronchial tree of a ventilated and oxygenated heart-lung block from an expired pig. APC was performed at power settings of 40 and 80 W using F(I)O(2) of 0.21, 0.40 and 1.00 and an argon gas-flow rate of 0.8 L/min through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. The primary outcome was the time taken for the APC to cause stent damage. Stent damage was defined as discoloration, ignition or rupture. RESULTS: Airway fires involving all five stents consistently occurred in the presence of 100% oxygen at powers of 40 W and 80 W. At lower F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40) silicone stents were not damaged at 40 W and 80 W. Uncovered Ultraflex stents were undamaged using 40 W at either F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40), but could be damaged using both F(I)O(2) levels when the power was increased to 80 W. Covered Ultraflex and both uncovered and covered Wallstents were damaged at both power settings (40 W and 80 W) and F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40) levels, with a trend towards earlier damage using higher F(I)O(2) and power. CONCLUSION: Working within the parameters identified in this study (power 40 W, F(I)O(2) 0.21, APC flow-rate 0.8 L/min), APC is a safe method for tissue devitalization and destruction and avoids the risk of airway stent ignition, especially if short bursts of APC are employed. The safety limits identified using an F(i)O(2) of 0.4, however, are also important because some patients undergoing resection may require oxygen therapy.     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗老年人大肠息肉

目的探讨内镜下氩离子凝固术（APC）治疗老年人大肠息肉的安全性和有效性。方法采用德国ERBE公司生产的APC（VIO200D型）内镜专用氩气刀对电子肠镜检查发现的大肠息肉进行内镜下治疗。结果258例老年患者共检出525枚息肉全部使用APC治愈,根据息肉大小和形态,使用APC灼除302枚（57．5％）,APC切除89枚（17％）,黏膜下注射后APC切除134枚（25．5％）,局部渗血者行APC电凝或钛夹止血。术后2例（0．8％）出现少量便血,予药物治疗后出血停止,无穿孔和大出血等严重并发症。结论APC可作为老年人大肠息肉的首选治疗,安全性高,并发症少。     

氩等离子体凝固治疗气道阻塞性病变的临床观察

目的了解支气管镜下氩等离子凝固（APC）治疗气道阻塞性病变的有效性和安全性。方法在支气管镜下应用APC治疗气道阻塞性病变。结果 18例气道狭窄患者,接受APC治疗26次。恶性肿瘤有效率53.8%,良性病变100.0%,7例使用圈套器,有效率提高至85.7%。治疗效果与位置密切相关,气管有效率100.0%,中间段及主支气管77.8%,叶支气管42.9%。治疗中未发生严重并发症。结论支气管镜下行APC治疗可以有效、安全的切除部分气道（尤其是中心气道）阻塞性病变,良性病变优于恶性病变,局限病变可联合圈套器治疗。     

Second-generation argon plasma coagulation: two-center experience with 600 patients

Background and Aim:  Second-generation argon plasma coagulation (APC; APC 2/VIO APC) with its modes 'forced', 'pulsed', and 'precise' is a further development of the ICC/APC 300 system (first-generation APC). Until now, only limited data has existed on the use of APC 2.
Methods:  Fundamental data on the characteristics of the various APC 2 modes and clinical data from more than 600 patients treated in two high-volume endoscopy centers were analyzed. On the basis of these data, recommendations for the use of APC in daily gastroenterological practice were made.
Results:  In comparison to the ICC system, second-generation APC offers a broadened bandwidth of settings including different APC modes and a range of power settings from 1 to 120 W. Using the various modes of APC 2 in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, minor complications were observed in 9–21% of patients. Major complications occurred in 1–7% of patients.
Conclusions:  In a two-center experience treating a large group of patients with a wide variety of gastrointestinal conditions, the different APC 2 modes appeared to be safe and effective. Certain preventive measures before and during clinical application are recommended in order to avoid complications.