伴抑郁情绪原发性高血压患者的功能失调性态度调查

目的:考察伴抑郁情绪原发性高血压患者的功能失调性态度的特征.方法:对1088例高血压患者进行医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)筛选,将评分阳性者再进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,HAMD≥20分,且HAMA<14分者入选,共获得262名伴抑郁情绪高血压病患者作为研究被试.另外选择长沙的两个社区人群,共计306例作为对照组.采用功能失调性态度问卷(DAS)对其进行测查.结果:①伴抑郁情绪高血压病患者经常持有的功能失调性认知排在前三位放的依次排序为:认知哲学,寻求赞许,强制性;②受试者得分具有明显的性别差异.③除了自主性态度分量表以外,其余功能失调性态度分量表都与抑郁量表得分显著正相关(P<0.05).结论:伴抑郁情绪原发性高血压患者存在明显的功能失调性认知特征.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者健康心理控制源研究

目的 通过调查慢性乙型肝炎患者的健康心理控制源,及与应付方式、社会支持、抑郁和焦虑情绪、生活质量的关系。方法 采用多维度健康状况心理控制源量表、应对方式调查表、社会支持评定量表、生活质量评定问卷ＳＦ－３６、抑郁和焦虑自评量表进行调查,并检测肝功能及乙型肝炎血清学标记物。结果 患者内控性、机遇性及有势力他人三种心理控制源之间呈正相关;内控性和机遇性心理控制源与自责、幼想应对方式及隐瞒应对方式正相关;     

远洋渔民功能失调性态度对心理应激与抑郁症状关系的调节作用

目的:探索远洋渔民功能失调性态度在心理应激与抑郁症状间的作用。方法:用《功能失调性态度量表》《舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷》和《流调中心用抑郁量表》对905名远洋渔民进行测查。结果:不同从业时间的远洋渔民的抑郁症状、功能失调性态度和心理应激差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。远洋渔民功能失调性态度与心理应激以及抑郁症状均呈显著正相关(P0.01)。功能失调性态度对心理应激和抑郁症状的关系有显著调节作用(β=0.09,P0.001)。结论:本研究结果提示,与低功能失调性态度的远洋渔民相比,高功能失调性态度的远洋渔民在遭受心理应激后会表现出更高的抑郁症状水平。     

心理控制源对大专生职业成熟度的影响研究

目的在考察大专生心理控制源与职业成熟度之间的关系。方法采用《职业成熟度问卷》和《内控性、有势力他人和机遇量表》对370名大专生进行问卷调查。结果 1内控性与大专生职业成熟度总分存在显著正相关(r=0.209,P0.01));2机遇、有势力他人因子与大专生职业成熟度总分存在显著负相关(r=-0.307,P0.01;r=-0.306,P0.01);3内控性、有势力他人、机遇对职业成熟度总分具有一定的预测作用(β=0.213,P0.01;β=-0.162,P0.05;β=-0.197,P0.01)。结论大专生心理控制源与其职业成熟度存在显著相关;大专生心理控制源对职业成熟度具有一定的预测力。     

青少年心理控制源与抑郁:穷思竭虑的中介作用

目的:探讨穷思竭虑在青少年心理控制源与抑郁之间的中介作用。方法:采用内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表(IPC)、穷思竭虑问卷(MRQ)和自评抑郁量表(SDS)对361名高中生进行测量,对数据进行了相关分析、回归统计及路径分析。结果:①相关分析表明,内控与穷思竭虑(r=-0.25)和抑郁(r=-0.39)呈负相关,机遇与穷思竭虑(r=0.34)和抑郁(r=0.38)分别呈正相关,有势力的他人与穷思竭虑和抑郁也在P<0.01水平达到显著;②回归分析显示内控、机遇及穷思竭虑能够预测抑郁,在控制了内控和机遇之后,穷思竭虑仍有显著的预测作用;③路径分析证实了穷思竭虑在内控、机遇与抑郁之间的部分中介作用。结论:穷思竭虑在心理控制源和抑郁之间起着重要的中介作用,外控的个体倾向于用穷思竭虑的反应风格应对负性情绪,从而产生抑郁。     

乳腺癌患者生命质量和认知态度的关系研究

目的探讨乳腺癌患者生命质量与认知态度的关系。方法利用乳腺癌患者特异性生命质量测定量表[QLICP-BR(V1.0)]、功能失调性态度问卷对42例乳腺癌患者进行评定,并进行相关分析和多元回归分析。结果①认知态度的脆弱性、自主性、强制性、吸引和排斥维度都与生命质量呈显著的正相关,其相关系数分别为:(r=0.583,P<0.01)、(r=0.521,P<0.01)、(r=0.419,P<0.01)、(r=0.329,P<0.05);②认知态度的脆弱化(t=5.544,P<0.01)和依赖性(t=-2.831,P<0.01)维度可以更好地预测生命质量。结论乳腺癌患者的功能性失调态度对其生命质量的影响有显著意义。认知态度对生命质量的影响值得关注。     

心理控制源对医学生职业成熟度影响的研究

目的探讨医学生心理控制源与职业成熟度的关系。方法采用《大学生职业成熟度量表》和《内控性、有势力他人和机遇量表》对836名医学生进行问卷调查。结果①内控性与医学生职业成熟度存在显著正相关(r=0.272,P<0.01);②有势力他人因子、机遇与医学生职业成熟度存在显著负相关(r=-0.318,-0.296;P<0.01);③内控性、有势力他人、机遇对职业成熟度的高低具有一定的影响作用(β=0.285,P<0.01;β=-0.156,P<0.05;β=-0.222,P<0.01)。结论①医学生心理控制源与其职业成熟度存在显著相关;②通过改变大学生的心理控制源倾向,可能会促进其职业成熟度的提高。     

大学生迷信心理和心理控制源的相关研究

目的:调查大学生迷信心理现状,分析迷信心理和心理控制源两者的关系。方法:使用陈永艳的《大学生迷信心理问卷》和Levenson编制的IPC《内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表》,以500名邯郸市大学生为被试。结果:1大学生迷信心理处于中等偏低水平;2大学生迷信心理的性别(t=0.032,P0.05)、专业(t=-0.367,P0.05)、年级(F=0.171,P0.05)差异均不显著;3迷信心理与有势力他人(r=0.261,P0.01)和机遇(r=0.344,P0.01)心理控制源显著正相关;4机遇控制源对迷信心理有显著的正向预测作用。结论:越外控越迷信,且当认为事件是机遇决定时更迷信。     

心理控制源与精神科护士焦虑及应付方式分析

目的探讨心理控制源与精神科护士焦虑情绪及应付方式的关系。方法选择418名精神科护士为研究对象,应用内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表(IPOCS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及应付方式问卷(CSQ)进行调查。焦虑自评量表得分大于50的护士共有158人,作为焦虑组,其余护士作为非焦虑组。结果 1焦虑组护士心理控制源量表中3个因子与非焦虑组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);2焦虑组护士的应对方式问卷6个因子得分与非焦虑组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);3相关分析显示内控性与解决问题、求助和合理化呈正相关,而与自责、幻想和退避呈负相关。有势力的他人及机遇与此相反。结论较多精神科护士存在焦虑情绪,而护士焦虑情绪及不成熟应对方式与心理控制源有关。     

心理控制源与大学生手机成瘾:自我效能感的中介效应

目的:考察心理控制源对大学生手机成瘾的影响,并探讨自我效能感在二者之间的中介效应。方法:采用一般自我效能感量表、内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表和大学生手机成瘾倾向量表对357名大学生进行调查。结果:内控性与自我效能感显著正相关(r=0.330,P0.001),与突显行为显著负相关(r=-0.134,P0.05);有势力他人、机遇与自我效能感显著负相关(r=-0.128,-0.141;P0.05),与手机成瘾显著正相关(r=0.408,0.472;P0.001);自我效能感与手机成瘾显著负相关(r=-0.186,P0.001)。自我效能感在心理控制源的内控因子与手机成瘾之间起完全中介作用;自我效能感在心理控制源的有势力他人因子、机遇因子与手机成瘾倾向之间起部分中介作用。结论:心理控制源影响大学生手机成瘾,且部分影响通过自我效能感起作用。     

The Cardiff Depression Study: a sib-pair study of dysfunctional attitudes in depressed probands and healthy control subjects

BACKGROUND: Current cognitive theories propose that depression develops as a result of the interaction between dysfunctional cognitive schemata and environmental stressors. There is also consistent evidence of a substantial genetic contribution to depression. This study examines the familiality and stability of dysfunctional attitudes and attempts to distinguish whether they reflect trait vulnerability to depression or the state of being depressed. METHOD: The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24) was completed by 108 depressed probands and their nearest-aged siblings and 105 healthy control probands and their nearest-age siblings, at the time of a semi-structured clinical interview and 10-12 months later. Subjects also completed self-report measures of depressed mood on both occasions. RESULTS: Measures of clinical depression were significantly correlated with DAS scores. At retest, DAS scores remained elevated despite improvement in mood, giving support for earlier findings, that dysfunctional attitudes remain active following recovery. The dependency subscale (DAS-D) of the DAS showed modest familiality, although there were no significant differences for DAS-D scores between the two groups of siblings. In a multiple regression analysis, current mood-state was the overwhelming predictor of DAS scores. However for DAS-D, gender as well as current mood influenced scores on this subscale. CONCLUSION: Although there was modest evidence for temporal stability and familiality for some DAS-24 subscale scores, dysfunctional attitudes were predominantly influenced by current low mood, and therefore reflect the state of being depressed rather than a familial vulnerability trait underpinning depression.     

Assessment of locus of control in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders

We studied Levenson's Internal (I), Powerful Others (P), and Chance (C) locus of control scales in 193 patients with six DSM-III-R diagnoses: Major Depression (MD), Panic Disorder (PD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Social Phobia (SP), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Mixed Anxiety Depressive Disorder (MAD). Compared to the comparison groups (CG), we found specific patterns for some of the diagnostic categories. There were no significant differences between the I scale scores and of those in the different anxiety and depressive disorder groups and the CG. But, patients with MD, SP, or MAD had significantly higher P scale scores than the CG. Patients with MD, PD, SP, and MAD had higher C scale scores than the CG. The OCD patients had the lowest P and C scale scores of any of the groups and not significantly different than the CG. The findings have some research and clinical implications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 54: 509–515, 1998.     

医学生心理控制源与应对方式的相关研究

目的探讨医学生心理控制源和应对方式的关系。方法运用简易应对方式问卷及内控性、有势力的他人及机遇量表对145名医学生进行问卷调查。结果 1不同性别医学生有势力的他人量表得分和积极应对方式上的差异有统计学意义（t=2.589,P〈0.05;t=-2.726,P〈0.05）;在年级、是否独生,是否恋爱,城乡来源等因素上差异不具统计学意义;2医学生的心理控制源有势力的他人量表与消极应对呈正相关（r=0.209,P〈0.05）;与积极应对呈负相关（r=-0.172,P〈0.05）;机遇量表与消极应对呈显著正相关（r=0.328,P〈0.01）。结论 1性别对医学生应对方式和控制源水平有影响;2相信他人能够控制自己生活中的事件的医学生多采用消极应对方式,反之采用积极应对方式;相信机遇的医学生多采取消极应对方式。     

Mental health and locus of control: SCL-90-R and Levenson's IPC scales

College students were given the SCL-90-R depression and anxiety subscales and Levenson's Internal, Powerful Others, and Chance locus of control scales. For the total sample (N = 166), subjects who were more internal had lower scores on the SCL-90-R subscales. Higher SCL-90-R scores were associated with the belief that life was controlled by powerful others and chance. The results support some previous findings that all three of Levenson's scales are associated with measures of maladjustment, with internality negatively correlated and chance and powerful others orientations positively correlated with such measures. The results did not support Rotter's suggestion that the often-cited relationship between maladjustment and externality might result primarily from the presence of defensive externals within the external group.     

The relationship between health locus of control beliefs and the MMPI with an alcoholic population

Examined relationships between the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales and subscales of the MMPI with inpatients (N = 90) at a Veterans Administration Medical Center Alcohol Dependency Treatment Unit. Comparison of MHLC scores for the alcoholic group and a normative sample of healthy adults revealed that alcoholics scored significantly higher on the Internality and Powerful Others Externality Scales. Significant correlations were found between dimensions of perceived locus of control and various personality characteristics; the Chance Externality Scale showed the strongest relationship to the MMPI subscales. Implications for future research are discussed, with emphasis on the potential clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of alcoholic treatment programs that incorporate the alcoholic's beliefs about personal control over health.     

五年制医学生心理控制源对职业决策自我效能的影响

目的 探讨五年制医学生职业决策自我效能现状以及其与心理控制源的关系.方法 采用《大学生职业决策自我效能量表》和《控性、有势力他人和机遇量表》对550名五年制医学生进行问卷调查.结果 ①五年制医学生的总体职业决策自我效能平均分为3.44;②五年制医学生内控性与职业决策自我效能存在显著正相关(r=0.428,P＜0.01);③内控性对职业决策自我效能具有显著的预测作用(β=0.430,P＜0.001).结论 五年制医学生心理控制源中内控性与职业决策自我效能存在显著正相关,内控性对职业决策自我效能具有显著的预测作用.