酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症凝血因子的动态变化

目的探讨酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症凝血因子的变化及意义。方法制作酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症模型,观察脓毒症组大鼠在染菌后2、6、12、24 h各时间点脓毒症表现,并检测各时间点大鼠血浆FIG、AT:A、tPA、PAI-1水平。结果脓毒症组大鼠染菌后6 h开始出现较明显的毒血症状,并随时间的延长而加剧,24 h达高峰,濒临死亡。脓毒症组大鼠血浆FIG在染菌后呈进行性升高,6 h始明显高于正常对照N组及酒精肝对照A5组(P<0.01),12 h达高峰,24 h FIG有下降趋势,但与12 h组相比,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。大鼠AT:A在染菌后呈进行性下降,6 h即显著低于A5及N组(P均<0.01)。tPA在染菌后2 h第1次达高峰(P<0.05),下降至正常水平后于24 h再次显著升高(P<0.01),PAI-1于2 h显著升高(P<0.01),而tPA/PAI值2 h显著降低,24 h显著高于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症早期即可出现明显的凝血紊乱,动态检测FIG、AT:A、tPA、PAI-1水平可反映创伤弧菌脓毒症病情严重程度。     

创伤弧菌脓毒症血浆组织因子和组织因子途径抑制物的改变及抗菌药物的影响

目的探讨大鼠创伤弧菌(VV)脓毒症血浆中组织因子(TF)和组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)的改变以及头孢哌酮钠与乳酸左氧氟沙星联用对其的影响。方法制作大鼠VV脓毒症模型(VV组)和VV脓毒症药物干预模型(AA组),使用ELISA法测定各组大鼠血浆中TF和TFPI的含量。结果与正常对照组(NC组)相比,VV组在染菌后9 h、12 h血浆TF显著升高(P＜0．05),各时间点血浆TFPI含量无显著改变(P＞0．05);9 h、12 h的TFPI/TF比值有显著性下降(P＜0．05)。AA组染菌后9 h、12 h血浆TF明显高于NC组(P＜0．05),TFPI/TF比值在抗菌药物干预后逐渐上升,16 h时点该比值明显高于NC组(P＜0．05)。与相同时间点的VV组比较,AA组染菌后12 h血浆TF明显减低(P＜0．05),12 h、16 h血浆TFPI明显升高(P＜0．05),9 h、12 h、16 h的TFPI/TF比值亦明显升高(P＜0．05)。结论创伤弧菌脓毒症时血浆TF含量显著升高,但同期TFPI并无明显减低或升高,TFPI/TF比值减低;头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左氧氟沙星可减低血浆TF含量,提高TFPI/TF比值。创伤弧菌脓毒症时存在明显的促凝和抗凝作用的失衡,抗菌药物干预后可使促凝和抗凝平衡被逐渐恢复。     

创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠脑组织转位蛋白的表达及抗菌药物的干预

目的 探讨创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠脑组织转位蛋白(TSPO)基因和蛋白表达及促/抗炎因子的蛋白表达,并观察抗菌药物头孢哌酮钠联合左氧氟沙星的干预效应.方法 SD大鼠100只,随机(随机数字法)分为健康对照组(A组,n=10)、创伤弧菌脓毒症组(B组,n=40)和抗菌药物干预组(C组,n=40),抗菌药物对照组(D组,n=10).大鼠左后肢皮下注射创伤弧菌(6×108 cfu/ml,0.1 ml/100 g)制作脓毒症大鼠模型,腹腔注射头孢派酮钠180 mg/kg和左氧氟沙星18 mg/kg进行干预,以RT-PCR、Western blotting、免疫组化、ELISA等方法观察大鼠染菌后6、12、24、48 h脑组织TSPO表达、促/抗炎因子水平及电镜的特点.结果 与A组比较,B组大鼠脑组织TSPO表达水平6h即明显增高(P＜0.05),24 h达峰值.C组大鼠12、24、48 h脑组织TSPO表达水平均明显低于相同时间点B组大鼠(P＜0.05).B组大鼠脑组织各时间点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平均比A组明显升高(P＜0.05),其中TNF-α在6h达峰值,IL-6 12 h达峰值,IL-10则48 h达峰值.与B组相同时间点比较,C组大鼠6、12、24 h时点脑组织TNF-α水平明显下降(P＜0.05),12、24、48 h时间点脑组织IL-6水平亦明显下调(P＜0.05),而IL-10水平在各时间点均较B组明显升高(P＜0.05).免疫组化法观察B组大鼠脑组织TSPO蛋白棕黄色颗粒密集较多,C组棕黄色颗粒较B组减少;电镜下B组大鼠脑组织神经元细胞核溶解消失,细胞及细胞器肿胀明显,C组大鼠脑组织神经元细胞核部分溶解,形态尚存,细胞及细胞器水肿减轻.结论 创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠脑组织TSPO的表达随着脑组织炎症、病理进展逐渐增高,能敏感反映脑损伤的变化.使用头孢哌酮钠和左氧氟沙星能有效减轻脑组织炎症损伤,降低TSPO的水平.     

头孢哌酮钠联合左氧氟沙星对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠组织中NSE S-100β蛋白和炎症因子的影响

目的 观察创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100β蛋白和脑组织炎症因子的动态变化及头孢派酮钠联合左氧氟沙星的干预.方法 100只SD大鼠随机分正常对照组(A组,n=10)、创伤弧菌脓毒症组(B组,n=40)、抗菌药物干预组(C组,n=40)和抗菌药物对照组(D组,n=10)左后肢皮下注射创伤弧菌构建大鼠脓毒症模型,腹腔注射头孢派酮钠180 mg/kg和左氧氟沙星18 mg/kg干预.观察B、C组大鼠染菌后6、12、24、48 h血清NSE、S-100β,脑组织TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10转录和蛋白水平及光镜变化.结果 与A组比较,B组大鼠血清NSE、S-100β蛋白均明显升高(P<0.05),24 h达峰值.与相同时间点B组比较,C组血清NSE、S-100β 12、24、48 h均有明显减低(P<0.05).与A组比较,B组大鼠脑组织各时间点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10转录和蛋白水平均明显升高(P<0.05),其中TNF-α在6 h即达峰值,而IL-6水平12 h达峰值,IL-10水平在48 h达峰值.与B组相同时间点比较,6、12、24 h点C组大鼠脑组织TNF-α水平明显降低,12、24、48 h点脑组织IL-6水平亦明显下调,而脑组织IL-10水平在各时间点均较B组明显升高(P<0.05).光镜下B组大鼠脑组织间质水肿严重,组织结构紊乱,炎症细胞侵润,血管扩张.C组大鼠脑组织间质水肿减轻,炎症细胞侵润程度降低.结论 NSE、S-100β蛋白的表达随着脑组织炎症的加重逐渐升高,敏感地反应创伤弧菌脓毒症脑损伤的变化.使用头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星能有效抑制脑组织炎症反应,减轻脑损伤,减低血清NSE、S-100β蛋白的水平.     

血必净注射液对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4及核转录因子-κB表达的影响

目的 观察血必净注射液对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)活性的干预作用.方法 将110只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、血必净干预组,后两组再分为染菌后1、6、12、24、48 h亚组,每组10只大鼠.于大鼠左后肢皮下注射创伤弧菌悬液制备创伤弧菌脓毒症模型;血必净组于染菌后0.5 h腹腔注射血必净注射液4 ml/kg.各时间点处死大鼠取肺组织,检测肺组织湿/干重比值(W/D比值)、TLR4 mRNA表达、NF-κB活性和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量.结果 模型组大鼠肺组织W/D比值于染菌后6、12、24、48 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组24 h、48 h较模型组明显减小(均P<0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达在染菌后6、12、24 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组6 h较模型组明显减少(均P<0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织NF-κB活性在染菌后1、6、12 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组1 h、6 h较模型组明显降低,24 h、48 h较模型组明显升高(均P<0.05).模型组大鼠肺组织TNF-α于染菌后1、6、12、24 h明显高于正常对照组,而血必净组12 h较模型组明显降低(均P<0.05).结论 TLR4-NF-κB通路参与了创伤弧菌脓毒症肺损伤的早期病理生理过程;血必净注射液能抑制TLR4-NF-κB活化,减轻创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺损伤.     

创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织因子和组织因子途径抑制物的基因表达及抗生素的影响

目的 研究创伤弧菌(VV)脓毒症大鼠肝组织的组织因子(TF)和组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)基因表达及抗生素头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左旋氧氟沙星对其的影响.方法 110只雄性SD大鼠随机(随机数字法)分为正常对照组(NC组,10只)、创伤弧菌脓毒症组(VV组,分5个哑组,每亚组10只)、创伤弧菌脓毒症药物干预组(AA组,分5个亚组,每亚组10只).构建创伤弧菌脓毒症模型及药物干预模型.RT-PCR检测大鼠肝组织TF mRNA和TFPI mRNA的基因表达水平.应用SPSS 12.0进行t检验、方差分析等处理.结果 与NC组相比,VV组染菌后2 h,6 h,9 h,12 h,16 h TF mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05),其中染菌6 h表达最高;从组染菌后9 h,12 h的TF mRNA仍明显高于NC组(P<0.05),后逐渐减少.VV组与AA组的肝组织TFPI mRNA与NC组相比,均无明显改变(P>0.05).与相同时间点的VV组相比,AA组16 h TF mRNA明显降低(P相似文献   

创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织核转录因子-κB活性表达及抗菌药物的影响

目的探讨创伤弧菌(VV)脓毒症大鼠肝组织NF-κB活性以及抗菌药物头孢哌酮钠联用乳酸左旋氧氟沙星对其的干预效应。方法制作大鼠VV脓毒症模型(VV组)和VV脓毒症药物干预模型(AA组),使用凝胶电泳迁移率改变分析法(EMSA)测定各组大鼠肝组织NF-κB活性。结果正常大鼠肝组织NF-κB活性较低,VV组染菌2h的肝组织NF-κB活性即达到高峰,较NC组明显增高(P<0.05),后肝组织NF-κB活性逐渐减少,但VV组染菌6、9、12、16h肝组织NF-κB活性仍明显高于NC组(P<0.05)。AA组染菌后9、12h肝组织NF-κB活性仍显著高于NC组(P<0.05),后逐渐减低,染菌16h、36h、2周的肝组织NF-κB活性与NC组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与相应时间点的VV组相比,AA组染菌9、12、16h的肝组织NF-κB活性明显降低(P<0.05)。结论创伤弧菌脓毒症早期肝组织NF-κB活性即达高峰,及早使用头孢哌酮钠和乳酸左氧氟沙星可明显减低创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肝组织NF-κB活性。     

抗菌药物联合乌司他丁对酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症的作用

目的探讨抗菌药物联合乌司他丁对酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症的实验治疗作用。方法采用酒精灌胃联合自由饮酒制作大鼠酒精性肝病模型,右下肢皮下注射创伤弧菌感染肝病大鼠,制作酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症模型15只,随机分1～3组,分别于染菌后12h经腹腔注射药物,1次／12h,治疗10d。第1组用等量生理盐水作为对照,第2组应用头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星,第3组应用头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星联合乌司他丁。观察大鼠的活动、皮肤黏膜颜色、右下肢感染创口、存活数等。第1组大鼠死亡后,第2组和第3组治疗10d后颈动脉取血液及患肢病变组织进行细菌培养,取大鼠右大腿肌肉、肝脏、肺脏的电镜标本,观察治疗前后细胞超微结构改变。结果各组大鼠12h后,皮温升高,右下肢明显肿胀,皮肤发紫,精神萎靡,活动减少,呼吸急促。第1组大鼠均在24～48h内死亡,血液及患肢病变组织培养出创伤弧菌。2、3组大鼠药物治疗后,精神萎靡状态及呼吸急促等明显改善,3～5d后患侧大腿病变处溃破糜烂,10d后两组大鼠均存活,血液及患肢病变组织培养均为阴性。第3组与第2组比较,前者状态恢复好。抗菌药物治疗前后主要脏器细胞的超微结构改变明显减轻,抗菌药物联合乌司他丁对细胞超微结构改变减轻更为显著。结论应用足量头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星对酒精性肝病大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症具有显著的疗效,头孢哌酮和左氧氟沙星联合乌司他丁的疗效更佳,为临床治疗创伤弧菌脓毒症提供了可靠依据。     

脓毒症大鼠肺基质金属蛋白酶-2/9表达与血必净干预

目的 观察创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2/9和组织型金属蛋白酶抑制剂(TIMP)-1/2的动态表达及血必净干预.方法 温州医学院生命科学院实验室,清洁级SD大鼠110只,随机(随机数字法)分为正常对照组(A组,n=10)、创伤弧菌脓毒症组(B组,n=50,采用大鼠左下肢皮下注射创伤弧菌悬液制作创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠模型)及血必净干预组(C组,n=50,感染后0.5 h腹腔注射血必净4 mL/kg).B、C组大鼠于染菌后1,6,12,24,48 h麻醉后活杀,留取右肺标本.观察大鼠行为学变化,采用考马斯亮蓝法测肺通透性,采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测肺MMP-2/9,TIMP-1/2 mRNA的表达,免疫组化法和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测肺MMP-2/9和TIMP-1/2的表达.数据采用单因素方差分析,并用LSD-t法进行组间两两比较,以P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 B组和C组肺通透性显著高于A组,C组显著低于B组.B组和C组MMP-2/9,TIMP-1/2mRNA显著升高,B组分别于6 h(0.344±0.108),6 h(1.230±0.377),12 h(0.523±0.098),12 h(0.280±0.070)达高峰(P＜0.05),C组分别于12 h(0.256±0.074),6 h(0.968±0.225),12 h(0.746±0.316),12 h(0.356±0.035)达高峰(P＜0.05),C组MMP-2/9mRNA升高趋势显著低于B组(P＜0.05),TIMP-1/2mRNA显著高于B组(P＜0.05).B组和C组MMP-2/9,TIMP-1/2蛋白也升高,B组分别于12 h(0.692±0.191),12 h(0.061±0.017),24 h(1384.42±91),24 h(41.04±3.60)达高峰(P＜0.05);C组分别于24 h(0.217±0.065),12 h(0.045±0.013),24 h(1617.22±103),24 h(47.66±3.58)达高峰(P＜0.05);C组MMP-2/9蛋白升高趋势低于B组(P＜0.05),TIMP-1/2蛋白早期与B组差别不大,后期显著高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 MMP/TIMP比例失衡是创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺损伤机制之一,血必净可促进MMP/TIMP比例恢复平衡,对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺损伤具有保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To detect the expression of MMP-2/9 and TIMP-1/2 in the lung of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis rats and observe the intervention of Xuebijing injection. Method One hundred and ten SD rats of clean grade were randomly(random number) divided into normal control group (group A, n = 10),Vibrio vulnificus sepsis group (group B, n = 50. Sepsis was reproduced in rats with subcutaneous injection in left lower limb with Vibrio vulnificus) and Xuebijin intervention group ( group C, n = 50. Rats were intraperitoneal(ip) with the dose of Xuebijing 4mL/kg at the time of 30 min later after infection). The rats in group B and C were sacrificed at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h after infection, the expression of MMP-2/9 and TIMP-1/2 were examined by PCR, Immunohistochemistry or ELISA methods, the lung permeability were measured by Coomassie Brilliant Blue method. Experimental data used single factor analysis of variance, and between groups by LSD method for pairwise comparison,P ＜0.05 statistically significant difference. Results The lung permeability increased both in group B and C compared with group A,and in group B were relatively higher. The lung MMP-2/9, TIMP-1/2mRNA expression in groups B and C compared with in group A was markedly higher, and reached the peak at 6 h(0. 344 ± 0. 108 ),6 h ( 1. 230 ± 0.377 ), 12 h (0.523 ±0.098),12 h(0.280±0.070) (P＜0.05) in group B while at 12 h(0.256 ±0.074),6 h(0.968±0.225) ,12 h(0.746 ±0. 316) ,12 h(0.356 ±0.035) (P ＜0. 05) in group C; the MMP-2/9mRNA expression in group C decreased(P＜0. 05) compared with the group B while the TIMP-1/2mRNA expression increased(P＜0. 05). The lung MMP-2/9, TIMP-1/2 protein expression in groups B and C compared with the group A(0.345±0.109) also increased, and the peak was at 12 h (0. 692 ± 0. 191 ), 12 h (0. 061 ±0.017) ,24 h(1384.42 ±91) ,24 h(41.04 ±3.60)in group B while at 24 h(0. 217 ±0.065) ,12 h(0. 045± 0. 013 ) ,24 h ( 1617.22 ± 103 ) ,24 h (47.66 ± 3.58 )in group C, the MMP-2/9 protein expression in group C was lower than in group B(P＜0.05), the TIMP-1/2 protein expression in group C was similar to in group B early while marked increased(P＜0.05)later. Conclusions MMP/TIMP imbalance was one of the mechanisms of the lung injury in the rats with Vibrio vulnificus sepsis, Xuebijing could restore the balance of MMP/TIMP ratio.     

血必净对创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织核因子-κB p65表达作用的研究

目的 观察创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65基因及蛋白表达,并探讨血必净对其的干预作用.方法 SD大鼠110只,随机分为正常组(A组,n＝10)、创伤弧菌脓毒症组(B组,n＝50,采用大鼠左下肢皮下注射创伤弧菌悬液制作大鼠创伤弧菌脓毒症模型)和血必净治疗干预组(C组,n＝50,感染后半小时腹腔注射血必净4 mL/kg).B、C组于染菌后1、6、12、24、48 h活杀(各时间点n=10),采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR) 法、Western blot法和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)分别检测大鼠肺组织NF-κB p65的基因与蛋白表达及IL-10的含量,数据采用单因素方差分析.结果 与A组比较,B组大鼠肺组织创伤弧菌感染后6、12 h NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量与6、12、24和48 h肺组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达量均明显增高 (P<0.05);与B组相同时间点比较,C组6 h肺组织NF-κB p65 mRNA表达量与12、24及48 h肺组织NF-κB p65 蛋白表达量明显减少(P<0.05); 与A组比较,B组创伤弧菌菌感染12、24和48 h IL-10的含量明显增加(P<0.05),与B组相同时间点比较,C组24 h(52.444±9.605)肺组织IL-10的含量明显增高(P<0.05);感染后48 h,大鼠肺内血管明显充血,间质水肿并伴炎性浸润,肺泡腔塌陷,血必净干预后,肺组织损伤有所减轻.结论 NF-κB参与了创伤弧菌脓毒症肺损伤过程;血必净能抑制NF-κB p65的表达,从而起到保护创伤弧菌脓毒症大鼠肺组织的作用.     

Isolation and structural identification of 9hydroxy-9desmethyl-cyclosporine

A metabolite of cyclosporine has been isolated and its structure identified through use of HPLC and tandem mass spectroscopy. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of an HPLC fraction co-eluting with 1 eta hydroxy-cyclosporine (M17) indicated that the mass of this metabolite was 2 Da greater than that of cyclosporine. Further isolation by HPLC yielded a pure fraction, which we analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry. Linear acyl fragment ions originating from the metabolite under collision-induced dissociation were consistent with the difference in mass being associated with amino acid 9 in the cyclosporine backbone. We propose a nomenclature system for future discussion of cyclosporine metabolites.     

Vécu des adolescents dont l''un des parents est cérébrolésé : étude préliminaire

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of brain injury of a parent on adolescent behavioural and emotional symptoms and personal experience. PATIENTS AND SETTING: Eleven adolescents from 13 to 18 years old with a brain-injured parent with cognitive impairment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Multiple case report. Assessment of anxiety and depression on the R-CMAS scale and the BDI. Qualitative analysis of a semi-structured interview and of the family drawing. RESULTS: Pathological scores on the R-CMAS scale involved 36% of the cases and the BDI, 45%. Impulsivity involved 36% of cases, difficulties in learning at school 73%, and somatic symptoms 45%. Feeling of loneliness involved 64% of cases and difficulty for the adolescent to speak about feelings in the family 82%. The symbolic position of the brain-injured parent was maintained in all cases. In 45% of cases, the parent was unable to recognize the adolescent, and in 55%, some characteristics of the adolescent were linked to the illness of the parent. A feeling of insecurity pervaded all cases. The family drawing revealed abnormalities in the bodily representation of the family members, especially a lack of hands or a representation of amputated hands in 91% of the cases and unsteadiness of the family members, also represented as ghosts in 82% of cases. CONCLUSION: Living with a brain-injured parent increases depression disorders, a feeling of loneliness and insecurity in adolescents. The inability for the adolescent to recognize parent's personality and the identification with caracteristics of the parent due to the illness is worrying. Abnormalities in the bodily representation of the family members and their unsteadiness are characteristic signs.     

Électrostimulation périphérique et neurovessie

For many years peripheral electrical stimulation has been performed to treat urinary tract dysfunction in neurogenic patients. Numerous methods have been used, involving sacral roots as peripheral nerve and pelvic organs. All of them are not valuable today. Sacral neuromodulation, tibial posterior and pudendal nerve stimulation have been successful for treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in the short/middle term. Methods and respective interest of the main procedures will be discussed.     

Asymétries chronométriques, cinétiques et cinématiques de l''initiation de la marche chez un sujet hémiplégique

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the temporal, kinetic and kinematic asymmetry of gait initiation in one subject with hemiplegia with an equinus varus foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A kinetic analysis with two AMTI force plates and a kinematic analysis with an ELITE optoelectronic system of gait initiation were performed in one subject with hemiplegia. RESULTS: The duration of the gait initiation phases was asymmetrical. The monopodal phase was shorter when the affected lower limb was supporting than when the healthy one was supporting. The propulsion resulted from the force exerted on the healthy lower limb. The distribution of body weight on the lower limbs was asymmetrical. Body weight support was more important on the healthy side than on the affected side. Maximal extension of the ankle on the hemiplegic side occurred during the swing phase. Ground clearance was increased by elevating the knee higher on the affected side than on the healthy side during the swing phase. Initial contact with the floor was performed with the foot flat on the affected side. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study has shown that gait initiation in one subject with hemiplegia was asymmetrical in kinetics and kinematics. The results concerning kinematics have not been reported previously for gait initiation in subjects with hemiplegia. The study of gait initiation should allow for better understanding postural and movement control strategies developed by patients with hemiplegia.     

La prééclampsie: Physiopathologie et perspectives de dépistage précoce

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema and proteinuria, beginning after 20 weeks of gestation. Six percent of the pregnant women in North America develop this disease, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality for the mother and her baby. The physiopathology remains uncertain despite many research efforts. Actual hypotheses seek to explain the vasospasm that characterizes the disease. Among the many factors influencing vascular reactivity and possibly implicated are: the renin-angiotensin system, prostaglandins, progesterone and its metabolites, calcium, magnesium, digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s), auricular natriuretic factor, substances secreted by platelets and leukotrienes. Prevention of the disease is limited by the absence of a biological or clinical marker with good sensitivity and appropriate specificity. Many biochemical or hematological parameters have been reported: uric acid, calcium, magnesium, proteinuria, blood iron, hematocrit, platelet count, antithrombin III, estrogen and progesterone. The combination of several tests could be superior to the use of each test individually, providing a better sensitivity and improving the positive predictive value. With early detection, new therapies for the prevention of the disease could be experimented on the higher risk women before the apparition of clinical symptoms or signs. Furthermore, those tests could be used in the study of the pathophysiology and in the choice of the best therapy.