重症支气管哮喘38例临床治疗分析

目的探讨重症支气管哮喘的治疗方法,以提高该病的治疗效果。方法回顾性总结38例重症支气管哮喘患者的临床资料,分析其治疗经验与体会。结果38例患者经治疗12h后哮喘缓解者25例,不缓解者13例。13例人工机械通气治疗患者,其中2例出现室性早搏,无一例出现严重低血压、气压伤、气胸。结论大剂量激素配合其他药物治疗可使哮喘症状得到有效缓解,机械通气是抢救危重哮喘的有效手段。     

重症支气管哮喘13例治疗体会

[目的]探讨重症支气管哮喘的治疗方法.[方法]选择13例重症支气管哮喘患者,入院时均静脉使用大剂量激素,9例给予无创机械通气治疗,未缓解者行气管插管有创机械通气治疗,4例患者直接行有创机械通气治疗.观察治疗效果.[结果]经大剂量激素及机械通气治疗后13例患者的pH值、动脉氧分压（PaO2）、动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）均恢复正常,与治疗前比较差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.01）;无呼吸机相关性肺炎、气压伤等情况发生;13例患者均治愈出院,9例有创机械通气患者平均上机时间3 d,平均住院时间15 d.[结论]重症哮喘发病急,合适的糖皮质激素治疗及有效的机械通气是抢救成功的关键.     

机械通气治疗小儿重症哮喘的气道护理

重症支气管哮喘是指哮喘急性发作,发作开始短时间内进入危重状态者,这种情况约占支气管哮喘病人的10％。由于病情危重,对常规药物反应较差,往往迅速恶化发展,致呼吸衰竭死亡。因此,需要人工机械通气治疗。我院PICU2008年2月～2009年9月应用人工机械通气治疗16例哮喘危重发作患儿,提高了重症支气管哮喘的抢救成功率,现介绍如下。     

机械通气治疗急性重症支气管哮喘的临床观察

目的：探讨机械通气对重症支气管哮喘的治疗效果。方法：对10例常规治疗无效患者进行机械通气治疗。结果：经治疗9例患者病情缓解，顺利撒机，机械通气成功，1例患者死亡。结论：机械通气对重症支气管哮喘的治疗是切实可行的。     

机械通气救治重症支气管哮喘 72 例临床观 察

目的 对机械通气救治重症支气管哮喘的临床疗效进行分析.方法 对72例重症支气管哮喘患者进行机械通气的治疗,对其下机情况和疗效进行分析.结果 在72例患者的治疗中,进行无创正压通气治疗的41例患者都成功脱机,进行气管插管治疗的31例均顺利拔管.在对重症支气管患者机械通气前后血气指标的比较中,在进行机械通气治疗后的氧分压（11.85±0.83）kPa明显高于上机前的（6.98±2.38）kPa.结论 对重症支气管患者进行机械通气治疗,疗效显著,能够有效地挽救患者的生命,应在重症支气管患者治疗中推广.     

机械通气抢救急性重症左心衰竭的临床观察

目的探讨机械通气在抢救急性重症左心衰竭中的应用及意义。方法对26例急性重症左心衰竭患者在常规治疗的同时加用机械通气辅助治疗，观察通气前后血气分析、生命体征及临床症状的变化。结果通气治疗后22例患者症状明显改善，血气分析等参数与治疗前比较差异有显著意义（P〈0．01），抢救成功19例，死亡7例。结论机械通气治疗急性重症左心衰竭，能迅速改善患者临床症状、通气及氧合，是抢救急性重症左心衰竭的一种积极有效的辅助治疗方法。     

无创正压通气治疗重症支气管哮喘的效果及护理

目的 探讨无创正压通气（NIPPV）治疗重症支气管哮喘的效果及护理措施.方法 40例重症支气管哮喘住院患者均予无创正压通气治疗,联合应用压力支持（PSV）与呼气末正压（PEEP）支持模式,选择不同压力治疗.结果 38例患者症状明显缓解,2例患者需行有创机械通气,有效率为95%.治疗后,患者生命体征及动脉血气分析明显改善;通气相关不良反应发生率低.结论 选择合适患者,加强护理,NIPPV治疗重症支气管哮喘是行之有效的方法.     

机械通气抢救重症哮喘临床体会

危重哮喘病情急剧进展可导致急性呼吸衰竭而危及生命，需机械通气治疗。我科自2002年4月始用机械通气治疗，成功抢救12例重症哮喘发作经常规治疗无效的患者，现报道如下。     

18例严重哮喘患者的机械通气治疗

目的提倡使用机械通气治疗，抢救严重支气管哮喘。方法对某院呼吸内科18例2001年至2004年初期间严重支气管哮喘患者使用机械通气治疗，并处理治疗过程中出现的并发症。结果有效率达100％，18例患者全部救治成功，无一死亡。结论气管插管和机械通气是严重支气管哮喘最有效的急救措施。     

重症支气管哮喘的机械通气及护理

重症支气管哮喘是指哮喘急性发作，经过常规治疗无效或是阵发性发作，发作开始后短时间内进入危重状态者，这种情况约占支气管哮喘病人的10％，近年来，机械通气被认为是治疗重症支气管哮喘的十分有效的方法。恰当的护理至关重要，是提高临床重症支气管哮喘的抢救成功率的关键。现将13例机械通气及护理工作报告如下。1临床资料与方法1．l一般资料13例为我科1995年11月至1997年4月收治的病人。年龄36－65岁，平均年龄48岁。其中男11名，女2名。全部符合重症支气管哮喘的诊断标准。插管前均为严重呼吸衰竭，动脉血气分析：PO2＜6．65kpa，PC…     

无创伤性正压通气治疗重症哮喘的护理

目的探讨无创伤性正压通气治疗重症哮喘的护理方法。方法总结47例重症哮喘患者在使用无创伤性正压通气治疗时的心理、呼吸道、饮食和并发症的护理经验。结果47例无创伤性正压通气患者均治愈出院,无1例出现呼吸机相关性肺炎及气管损伤等并发症的发生。结论正确有效的护理措施对保证无创伤性正压通气治疗重症哮喘的效果,减少并发症的发生具有重要的意义。     

压力调节容量控制通气治疗危重支气管哮喘探讨

目的探讨压力调节容量控制通气(PRVC)模式治疗急性重症支气管哮喘的效果。方法47例重症哮喘患者被随机分为A组(25例)和B组(22例)。A组予PRVC通气,B组予SIMV PSV通气,比较两组患者治疗前后的动脉血气分析(ABGs)、呼吸力学、通气时间及住ICU时间。结果A组患者在使用机械通气(MV)后,ABGs明显改善(P<0·01),PIP、Pplat较B组降低,Cdyn优于B组,MV时间和住ICU时间均短于B组(P<0·05)。结论PRVC在治疗重症哮喘患者时,能够保持较低的PIP和Pplat,改善ABGs和Cdyn,缩短MV时间以及住ICU时间,是一种安全而有效的通气模式。     

The Prevalence,Characteristics, and Patient Burden of Severe Asthma Determined by Using a Japan Health Care Claims Database

BackgroundRecently, several new biological drugs targeting severe asthma are on the market, and various studies on severe asthma have been reported worldwide. However, in Japan, the data are still limited regarding epidemiology and burden of disease on severe asthma. This study determined the prevalence, characteristics, and burden of disease of patients with severe asthma.Methods: This retrospective study (HO-16-16484) used a nationwide health care claims database. Severity of asthma was defined according to the treatment during the baseline period (April 1, 2014–March 31, 2015). Eligible patients were >15–65 years of age with asthma during the 12-month baseline period and were followed up for 12 months. End points included the prevalence, characteristics, exacerbation frequency, and patient behavior in patients with severe, moderate, or mild asthma. Risk factors for exacerbations were explored in patients with all levels of asthma severity and in those with severe asthma.FindingsAmong the 16,107 patients with asthma, 2.4 (95% CI, 2.1–2.6) per 100 patients had severe asthma. During the baseline period, 130 (34.0%) of 382 patients with severe asthma had ≥1 asthma exacerbation. The exacerbation frequency was highest in patients with severe asthma, and most of the comorbidities increased in proportion to the asthma severity. During the follow-up period, exacerbation frequency increased with asthma severity. Approximately 70% of patients with severe asthma were treated at clinics, requiring outpatient visits ~10 times per year. Different exacerbation risk factors were identified between patients with all severity levels of asthma and those with severe asthma. With the severe asthma patients, experiencing exacerbations during the previous year was a risk factor for further exacerbations during the follow-up period.ImplicationsIn Japan, 2.4% of patients with asthma have severe asthma, and there is a significant burden of disease in patients with severe asthma undergoing high-intensity treatment.     

机械通气治疗重症哮喘过程中发生气压伤的相关因素分析

目的：分析机械通气治疗重症哮喘过程中发生气压伤的相关因素，提高机械通气治疗重症哮喘的疗效。方法：将45例无气压伤发生和6例发生气压伤的重症哮喘患者就通气模式、潮气量、吸气峰压、平台压、呼气末正压、吸气流量、肺顺应性、呼吸频率等指标进行回顾性分析。结果：6例气压伤患者中4例机械通气的平台压大于35cm H2O，其中3例有肺大泡。结论：平台压过高是重症哮喘机械通气中致气压伤的关键因素，合理的调控平台压是防止气压伤发生的关键。     

无创双水平气道正压通气对常规方法治疗重症支气管哮喘的辅助增效作用

目的探讨无创双水平正压通气（NIPPV）对重症支气管哮喘患者的治疗价值。方法30例重症哮喘患者分为治疗组和对照组各15例，对照组予常规方法治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予NIPPV治疗，观察治疗前后血气分析和临床指标的变化，并与对照组进行比较。结果常规治疗的基础上加用NIPPV治疗后，患者临床征象及血气分析均得到明显改善（P〈0．05），与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在常规治疗的基础上加用NIPPV治疗，可有效改善患者的临床征象，改善通气，提高重症哮喘的治疗效果。     

无创双水平正压通气治疗重症支气管哮喘的疗效观察

目的探讨无创双水平正压通气(BiPAP)治疗重症支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法 40例重症支气管哮喘患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例,对照组采用常规治疗方法,治疗组在常规治疗方法基础上早期应用Bi-PAP呼吸机治疗。比较两组实施治疗前、治疗3d后患者临床症状、体征变化及动脉血气指标(二氧化碳分压、氧分压、血氧饱和度)变化。结果治疗组临床症状及血气指标改善均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在常规治疗的基础上加用BiPAP呼吸机治疗,可有效改善患者的临床症状,改善通气,提高重症哮喘的治疗效果。     

支气管哮喘的规范化治疗体会（附3例重症支气管哮喘抢救报告）

目的：探讨哮喘规范化治疗的重要性和必要性。方法：复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸重症监护室收治的3例重症哮喘救治过程,对比规范化治疗前后控制水平,并结合病例进行相关文献复习。结果：3例患者均有明确的哮喘病史,均未接受规范化治疗,在入院前属于哮喘未控制,入院时急性发作属于危重状态,均存在严重的肺部感染和呼吸衰竭。当病情获得好转后,给予规范化管理和治疗,哮喘症状基本控制,肺功能也恢复和保持相对较好水平。结论：虽然哮喘尚不能完全治愈,但通过规范化的治疗和管理可以达到完全控制,只有这样才能逐步减少哮喘的急性发作,特别是危重状态的急性发作。     

Improving the quality of care of patients with asthma: the example of patients with severely symptomatic disease

The increasing economic burden of asthma care is incurred partly by patients with more severe symptoms. However, little is known about the characteristics of these severe asthma patients. This study examined sociodemographic, disease-specific characteristics and health care utilization that are related to asthma disease severity, for the purpose of identifying areas for treatment improvement. A total of 2927 asthma patients (12 years or older), who were continuously enrolled in one of three participating health plans for a 6-month study period and who responded to an asthma survey, were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the sociodemographic, disease-specific characteristics and health care utilization by asthma severity. About 25% of the patients reported experiencing severe asthma symptoms. They were more likely to be African-Americans, Hispanics, women, patients with less than a college education, residents in the south-west, current smokers, and those receiving care from non-specialists. Severe asthmatics reported having less of an understanding of the clinical manifestation of asthma and the means to manage asthma exacerbation. Outpatient contacts did not differ significantly between severe and other patients, although their utilization of emergency room and inpatient care was significantly greater. This study suggests that a significant proportion of asthma patients is experiencing severe symptoms and barriers other than access to care prevent appropriate control of asthma. Poor control appears to be related to smoking, deficits in knowledge about self-care, not receiving medical care from a specialist, and inadequate use of medications.     

氧驱雾化吸入可比特在重度哮喘治疗中的应用

目的:探讨可比特氧驱雾化吸入在重度哮喘治疗中的临床应用。方法:将156例重度哮喘患者随机分为治疗组123例和对照组33例,对照组给予综合治疗,治疗组在此基础上给予氧气驱动雾化吸入可比特治疗。根据氧气驱动流量4、6、8 L/min分为A组40例、B组41例、C组42例三组;同时分为面罩组63例和口含喷嘴组60例。观察各组患者治疗前、治疗后72 h临床疗效。结果:治疗后总有效率B组和C组明显高于A组和对照组(P<0.05),面罩组明显高于口含嘴组(P<0.05)。喘憋症状消失时间、哮鸣音消失时间、甲强龙用量、甲强龙应用天数及总住院天数B组和C组明显少于对照组和A组(P<0.05),面罩组少于口含嘴组(P<0.05)。结论:可比特氧驱雾化吸入治疗重度哮喘临床疗效显著,氧气驱动流量6 L/min疗效理想,面罩式好于口含喷嘴式。