原位心脏移植5例经验体会

对5例终末期心脏病患者实施了原位心脏移植手术。术后免疫抑制剂应用环孢素A 骁悉 泼尼松三联疗法。结合临床表现、超声心动图、化验检查及心肌内心电图,对心脏移植术后急性排斥反应的监测进行分析。5例手术均顺利,其中1例存活时间仅为9d,其余均近期存活,生活质量良好。原位心脏移植是治疗终末期心脏病的有效方法。心肌内心电图可以明显减少心肌活检的次数。低血管阻力受体的选择和合理的免疫抑制治疗方案的应用是心脏移植成功的关键。     

同种原位心脏移植三例

目的总结3例同种原位心脏移植术的成功经验和教训。方法3例终末期扩张性心肌病人接受标准法同种原位心脏移植术，供心保护液为4℃ Stanford大学溶液或冷血保护液。免疫抑制治疗采用赛尼哌加“三联”方案。结果3例供心移植完成后均自动复跳，循环稳定，2例术后至今未发生明显感染及其他并发症，心功能1级，已恢复正常工作；1例于术后14天死于多脏器功能不全（MOF）。结论心脏移植是治疗终末期扩张性心肌病的有效方法，选择合适的供心及其保护是手术成功的前提，重视围术期处理，合理应用免疫抑制剂和慎密的随访是移植成功和患者长期存活的关键。     

心脏移植术护理体会

植术是治疗终末期心脏病唯一的理想方法。我院于2005年5月成功为1例心脏病患者实施了同种异体原位心脏移植术。由于术前采取了一系列支持疗法，术后除常规短期应用广谱抗生素外，重点对病人进行7全方位、全过程的护理及免疫抑制剂的疗。患者术后恢复顺利，住院期间未出现任何并发症。现将护理体会报告如下：     

原位心脏移植术治疗成人终末期心脏病24例总结

目的:分析总结24例成人原位心脏移植治疗终末期心脏病的临床疗效和经验。方法:2015年6月至2017年6月连续成功为24位终末期心脏病患者行原位心脏移植术,其中心肾联合移植1例。原发病包括冠心病11例,心肌病8例,瓣膜病3例,心肌炎2例。全部采用双腔静脉吻合法。结果:24例患者心脏移植术后心功能均恢复至Ⅰ级(NYHA)。术后随访1～24个月。随访过程中发生急性排斥反应2例,带状疱疹感染2例,肺炎2例。随访过程中死亡4例,死亡原因分别为暴发肝炎1例、重症感染1例、肾功能衰竭1例、呼吸衰竭1例。结论:终末期心脏病行原位心脏移植的临床疗效良好。术前供受体评估、器官功能维护、心肌保护、术后生命体征监测及抗排斥治疗是心脏移植术的关键。远期需注意对免疫排斥反应、感染、多脏器功能的监测及治疗。     

原位心脏移植56例的临床经验

目的　总结分析复旦大学器官移植中心 5 6例原位心脏移植的临床经验。方法　 2 0 0 0年 5月至 2 0 0 3年 12月连续为 5 6例患者行原位心脏移植术 ,包括扩张型心肌病 4 7例 ,终末期瓣膜性心肌病 2例 ,终末期缺血性心肌病 2例 ,原发性心脏恶性肿瘤 2例 ,复杂先天性心脏病 1例 ,肌营养不良性心肌病 1例 ,恶性心律失常 1例。手术按标准法行原位心脏移植手术 19例 ,双腔静脉吻合法移植手术 37例。术后抗排斥反应治疗采用环孢素 泼尼松 霉酚酸酯三联方案。结果　手术死亡1例 ,死因为第 5次手术术后渗血不止。所有存活病例获完整随访 ,在平均 12 .4个月的随访中 ,术后1年内死亡 5例 ,1年存活率 91% ,其中死于肾功能衰竭 1例 ,慢性右心衰 1例 ,急性排斥反应 2例 ,车祸 1例。 1例术后 3年 2个月死于移植物冠状动脉硬化。存活病例心功能恢复至ⅠⅡ级。结论通过选择适当的受体病例 ,保护良好的心肌 ,采用双腔静脉吻合技术 ,加强术后监测与预防多种并发症 ,心脏移植可获得满意的早中期疗效。     

原位心脏移植的临床研究

目的报告3例原位心脏移植的临床研究经验。方法2001年8月~2003年12月为3例终末期心脏病患者施行原位心脏移植术,术式均采用双腔静脉吻合法,术后采用环孢素A、强的松及骁悉联合免疫抑制治疗。结果3例患者均顺利出院,心功能恢复至Ⅰ-Ⅱ级(NYHA),围术期无感染或严重排异反应发生。     

原位心脏移植43例

目的 探讨43例同种异体原位心脏移植的初步经验和体会。方法 自1995年8月至2003年5月福建医科大学附属协和医院心外科共为43例终末期心脏病患者实施了原位心脏移植。对这些患者的手术效果及其影响因素进行回顾性总结。结果 术后早期死亡7例,分别死于急性右心功能衰竭(5例)、感染(1例)和急性肾功能衰竭(1例),死亡率为16．3％;晚期死亡5例,分别死于急性排斥反应(2例)、感染(2例)和心律失常(1例)。长期生存的患者生活质量良好。结论 心脏移植是治疗终末期心脏病的有效方法。低肺血管阻力受体的选择和合理的免疫抑制治疗方案的府用是心脏移植成功的关键。     

原位同种异体心脏移植术的循环管理

目的:探讨原位同种异体心脏移植术的循环管理的特点和方法.方法:3例终末期扩张型心肌病行原位心脏移植术患者,术前均经强心、利尿、扩血管及营养支持治疗.麻醉方法采用气管插管静吸复合全麻,在体外循环下行心脏移植术.诱导前置入Swan-Ganz导管监测各项血流动力学指标,并针对性地使用心血管活性药物.结果:3例患者麻醉手术中血流动力学平稳.1例患者康复出院,1例患者因肺部感染术后15 d死于心肺衰竭,1例患者因难治性右心衰竭于术后2 d死亡.结论:选择应用合适的心血管药物维持血流动力学稳定是手术成功的重要保障,如何治疗肺动脉高压避免右心衰竭尤为关键.     

原位心脏移植手术的体外循环管理

目的总结探讨同种原位心脏移植手术体外循环管理的经验和方法.方法回顾分析2003年4月至今昆明医科大学附属延安医7例终末期心脏病患者的同种原位心脏移植手术.采用浅中低温、轻中度血液稀释、中高流量CPB体外循环,注重供体心肌保护,应用常规超滤与改良超滤技术,行多指标监测和临床观察.结果7例患者体外循环过程平稳,手术过程顺利.例1、例2和例5患者生存至今,已分别存活10 a、9 a和5 a;例3患者术后存活1 a;例4和例6患者死于移植术后右心衰、急性排斥反应;例7患者死于停机困难、严重低心排.结论进行良好的体外循环管理,合理选择供体心脏保护技术,减轻再灌注损伤和积极保护心肺功能是原位心脏移植手术体外循环管理的关键.     

同种异体原位肝脏移植术的临床应用研究(附9例报告)

目的总结原位全肝移植术的经验教训，以进一步提高肝移植治疗终末期肝病的效果。方法2001年3月～2006年8月，为9例终末期肝病患者实施了原位全肝移植术，其中6例为良性终末期肝病，3例为肝癌患者。前5例实施背驮式肝移植，后4例实施经典式非转流肝移植。结果1例病人存活3年以上，2例病人存活2年以上，1例病人存活1年以上，2例术后3个月，均恢复正常的工作和生活。手术后死亡病例中，1例术后1年9个月死于应用大剂量激素抗排斥反应所致的应激性溃疡大出血。2例巨大肝癌病人分别于术后27d死于肾功能衰竭、高血钾和术后56d死于脑出血。1例小肝癌病人术后出现神经并发症，术后4个月死于脑出血。结论肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的唯一有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.