代谢综合征患者脉压与心脑血管疾病的相关性

目的：探讨脉压（PP）、脉压指数（PPI）与代谢综合征（MS）患者心脑血管疾病的相关性。方法：选择近5年我院门诊和住院MS患者204例（男138例．女66例）,按PPI≤0．40、0．41～0．50、0．51～0．60、〉0．60分为4组,按PP≤40mmHg、41～60mmHg、61～80mmHg、〉80mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）分为4组．分析各组间PP、PPI与心脑血管疾病发生率的相关性。结果：①不同组的PP、PPI在吸烟、饮酒、体重指数（BMI）、血糖、腹围、舒张压（DBP）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）、及低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL—C）方面无显著差别（P〉0．05）,在年龄、收缩压（SBP）方面差异有显著性（P〈0．05～〈0．01）;不同组的PP及PPI的左室肥厚、冠心病、心功能不全、脑卒中发生率有显著性差异（P均〈0．05）;左室肥厚、冠心病、心功能不全、脑卒中的发生率与患者年龄、收缩压、脉压、脉压指数有显著相关性[EXP（B）=1．614～3．340,P均〈0．05]。结论：MS患者心脑血管疾病与年龄、SBP、PP、PPI等因素有关,与PPI的关系更为密切。     

代谢综合征并发心脑血管疾病危险因素分析

目的 探讨患者心脑血管疾病与代谢综合征(MS)各成分间的相互关系.方法 将755例住院患者分为冠心病组、脑卒中组、冠心病+脑卒中组和对照组,测定患者空腹血糖、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),血压,Doppler检查有无颈股动脉粥样硬化.结果 高血压、高TG、颈、股动脉粥样硬化与冠心病、脑卒中均有不同程度相关性;高血糖、低HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C与冠心病有一定关系,而与脑卒中无明显差异;高LDL-C两者比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 MS作为心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素,必须对其症状及成分加以控制,检测颈、股动脉粥样硬化对冠心病有一定的预测价值.     

代谢综合征与脑血管疾病

代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)是以中心性肥胖或超重、糖尿病或糖代谢异常、高血压、血脂紊乱为主要组分的一组严重影响人类健康的临床症候群[1],严重地危害人体健康并降低人类的生活质量.MS与糖尿病、心血管疾病及脑血管疾病有着密切的关系.     

代谢综合征的社区干预

代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MS）是一组多种因素共同作用所致的以中心性肥胖为核心,合并血压、血糖、三酰甘油升高和（或）HDL—C降低为特点的临床症候群。它是糖尿病及心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素之一。随着生活方式的改变、社会压力的增加以及生活节奏的加快等,其发病率呈上升趋势,且发病人口也日益年轻化。我国最近统计资料显示,20岁以上人群中MS患病率达9．8％～17．8％。由于本病具有的长期性及社会性的显著特点,故积极进行社区干预是防治本病的最为关键和行之有效的方法,现对目前国内外代谢综合征的社区干预研究进展进行综述,以探讨适合我国国情的社区干预方法。     

代谢综合征的认识及综合干预措施

本文简要回顾有关代谢综合征诊断与治疗。     

黄连素对糖尿病及其并发症的作用

本文就黄连素对糖尿病及其并发症的作用作一介绍。1黄连素的特点又名小檗碱，主要存在于小檗属植物黄连、黄柏和三颗针中，是一种季铵化合物，现也可人工合成，临床常制成盐酸黄连素应用。具有较强的抗菌作用。在临床上常用盐酸黄连素治疗菌痢、胃肠炎等疾病。近年来还发现了黄连素的其他作用。①较多报道黄连素的抗心律失常作用，     

隐蔽性高血压对冠心病合并代谢综合征患者心脑血管事件的影响

目的探讨隐蔽性高血压(MH)对冠心病合并代谢综合征患者心脑血管事件的影响。方法选择2015-08～2017-08在该院经冠脉造影确诊的冠心病合并代谢综合征患者66例,根据24 h动态血压监测结果将其分为正常血压组(n=32)和MH组(n=34),分析两组动态血压参数的差异,随访并比较两组患者主要心脑血管事件(MACCE)的发生情况。结果 MH组体质量指数(BMI)、腰围水平高于正常血压组(P 0. 05)。MH组24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、白天平均收缩压(d SBP)、夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)、白天收缩压平台、夜间收缩压平台、清晨收缩压上升速度水平均高于正常血压组(P 0. 05)。单因素相关分析显示,24hSBP与腰围及BMI呈正相关(P 0. 05)。Logistic回归分析显示,较大的腰围和BMI是MH的危险因素(P 0. 05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,MH患者发生MACCE风险增加(P 0. 05)。Cox回归分析显示,较高水平的24hSBP和患有MH是MACCE发生的危险因素(P 0. 05)。结论超重和肥胖会升高血压水平和加剧清晨血压波动,24hSBP水平升高是冠心病合并代谢综合征患者发生MACCE的危险因素。     

黄连素对糖尿病及其并发症的作用

本文就黄连素对糖尿病及其并发症的作用作一介绍。1黄连素的特点又名小檗碱，主要存在于小檗属植物黄连、黄柏和三颗针中，是一种季铵化合物，现也可人工合成，临床常制成盐酸黄连素应用。具有较强的抗菌作用。在临床上常用盐酸黄连素治疗菌痢、胃肠炎等疾病。近年来还发现了黄连素的其他作用。①较多报道黄连素的抗心律失常作用，     

代谢综合征的药物干预

随着社会经济的发展和生活方式的改变,代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)已成为当前影响人类健康的最主要的非传染性疾病之一。中华医学会糖尿病学分会曾报道:中国城市人口中每8个成年人中至少有1人患MS。而在美国,每4个成年人中至少有1人患MS。MS的患病率不断上升,已成为社会     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与代谢综合征关系研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发病与胰岛素抵抗及其表型有关。胰岛素抵抗和代偿性高胰岛素血症是代谢综合征的中心环节。非酒精性脂肪性肝病是代谢综合征的临床疾病谱之一。非酒精性脂肪性肝病与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病、2型糖尿病及代谢综合征临床症候群的关系密切,本文就非酒精性脂肪肝与代谢综合征的关系作一综述。     

老年人代谢综合征与心脑血管事件

代谢综合征(MS)是一组以肥胖、高血糖、血脂异常以及高血压等聚集发病、严重影响人类健康的临床症候群.代谢综合征在老年人群中具有较高的患病率,其所引发的多种代谢异常都是老年人心脑血管事件的重要危险因子,严重影响老年人的身心健康.     

Glycemic control in the metabolic syndrome and implications in preventing cardiovascular disease

The metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that occur together more commonly than expected from the prevalence of their individual rates. Insulin resistance is widely believed to be the common denominator causing, in susceptible individuals, the development of various cardiovascular risk factor components of the syndrome (e.g., hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia). The major cause of this insulin resistance appears to be obesity, especially the accumulation of visceral fat. This obesity is due to the combination of excessive caloric intake and inadequate physical activity rather than alterations in energy utilization. In individuals whose beta cells cannot increase their insulin secretion adequately to compensate for insulin resistance, hyperglycemia occurs.     

Effect of clustering of metabolic syndrome factors on capillary and cerebrovascular impairment

BackgroundHypertension and metabolic disorders, attended by impaired microcirculation, represent major risk factors for cerebrovascular impairment, as well as being individual components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim of the study was to establish whether mild hypertensives, aged ≤ 65 years, may be affected by progressive microvascular damage impairing cerebrovascular perfusion, related to a progressive clustering of MetS components.MethodsTwenty-two normotensives with no MetS component (NTN-0), 29 hypertensives with no (HTN-0), 30 with one (HTN-1), 29 with two (HTN-2), 27 with three (HTN-3), 25 with all four (HTN-4) MetS components, were recruited. The study required office and twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and video capillaroscopy. Functional (fCD), anatomical (aCD) and recruited (RECR) phalangeal skin capillarity were assessed. Cerebral vasodilatory reserve was measured by the breath-holding index (BHI), using transcranial Doppler, in HTN-1 and HTN-2 with MetS.ResultsThe fCD and aCD were reduced in hypertensives and progressively reduced in those with MetS, while RECR was also impaired. BHI was lower in HTN-2 than in HTN-1 (p < 0.001). BHI was correlated with fCD in HTN-1 (.396, p: .046), HNT-2 (.497, p: .011), and with aCD in HTN-2 (.494, p: .012), by partial Pearson test.DiscussionThe findings show that hypertensives exhibit an increasing microvascular rarefaction with MetS progression and that an impaired cerebral perfusion occurs when the MetS is established. The data underline the importance of preventing MetS in mild hypertensives, as it causes microvascular damage and impairs cerebral arterial perfusion.     

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or abdominal aortic aneurysm

Metabolic syndrome patients are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in various asymptomatic populations has been well documented, however, limited information is available about the prevalence in manifest atherosclerotic vascular disease patients. The aim of this study is to determine the overall and gender-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in these patients. This cross-sectional survey of 1117 patients, aged 18-80 years, mean age 60+/-10 years, comprised patients with coronary heart disease (n=527), cerebrovascular disease (n=258), peripheral arterial disease (n=232) or abdominal aortic aneurysm (n=100). Metabolic syndrome was defined by Adult Treatment Panel III. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the study population was 46%: 58% in PAD patients, 41% in CHD patients, 43% in CVD patients and 47% in AAA patients. Overall, women had a higher prevalence than men (56% versus 43%). Age did not influence the metabolic syndrome prevalence; crude odds ratios (crude OR) 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99-1.02). Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with manifest atherosclerotic vascular disease. Screening for metabolic syndrome in patients with high risk for new vascular incidents may identify patients with even higher vascular risk and may direct anti-atherosclerotic treatment in order to prevent new vascular incidents in the same or another vascular bed.     

Kidney disease and the metabolic syndrome

The epidemic of metabolic syndrome contributes to the rapid growth of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Hyper-hemodynamics, impaired pressure natriuresis, excess excretory load, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and prothrombotic status individually and interdependently initiate renal injury in metabolic syndrome. The prevention and treatment of kidney disease require a multifactorial approach. Weight loss through diet control and exercise can reverse many pathophysiologic processes. Pharmacologic intervention includes insulin sensitizers, tight glycemic and lipid control, blockage of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, and anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic therapies. Each peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoform plays a distinct role in metabolic syndrome, and their agonists may prevent or reverse the early renal injuries.     

Blood pressure control in acute cerebrovascular disease

Acute cerebrovascular diseases (ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) affect 780,000 Americans each year. Physicians who care for patients with these conditions must be able to recognize when acute hypertension requires treatment and should understand the principles of cerebral autoregulation and perfusion. Physicians should also be familiar with the various pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of cerebrovascular emergencies. Acute ischemic stroke frequently presents with hypertension, but the systemic blood pressure should not be treated unless the systolic pressure exceeds 220 mm Hg or the diastolic pressure exceeds 120 mm Hg. Overly aggressive treatment of hypertension can compromise collateral perfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Hypertension associated with intracerebral hemorrhage can be treated more aggressively to minimize hematoma expansion during the first 3 to 6 hours of illness. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually due to aneurysmal rupture; systolic blood pressure should be kept <150 mm Hg to prevent re-rupture of the aneurysm. Nicardipine and labetalol are recommended for rapidly treating hypertension during cerebrovascular emergencies. Sodium nitroprusside is not recommended due to its adverse effects on cerebral autoregulation and intracranial pressure. Hypoperfusion of the injured brain should be avoided at all costs.     

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts cardio and cerebrovascular events in a twenty years follow-up. A prospective study

ObjectivesTo investigate the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients using non-invasive images techniques.Patients, methods and resultsThe atherosclerotic burden of 36 molecularly defined FH patients (18 males, 45.7 ± 10.9 years) without evidence of cardiovascular disease receiving lipid-lowering treatment and 19 (47.8 ± 11.3 years) controls was investigated. Descending thoracic aorta magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in a 1.5 T equipment with T1 and T2 sequences to characterize atherosclerotic plaques and to measure aortic wall volumen. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and presence of plaques were measured using B-mode carotid ultrasound.Mean aortic wall volumen, cIMT and atherosclerotic plaques in aorta were significantly higher in FH cases (P < 0.001). A significant correlation between aortic wall volume and cIMT was observed (P < 0.01). Aortic MRI detected plaques in 94% and carotid ultrasound in 14% of cases. Lipid-rich plaques were observed only in FH cases (33%) and were associated with family history of premature coronary artery disease (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAsymptomatic middle-aged FH patients have significantly higher atherosclerotic burden than controls. cIMT has shown a significant correlation with aortic wall volume and MRI allowed the detection of lipid-rich plaques in FH subjects that were associated with family history of premature coronary artery disease.     

急性缺血性脑卒中糖代谢异常66例分析

糖尿病及糖尿病前期是缺血性脑血管病的危险因素,对于缺血性脑血管病急性期的高血糖是由应激引起的还是发病前已经存在未被识别的糖代谢异常国内外尚存争议。因此,我们通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验研究无糖尿病史的急性缺血性脑卒中患者急