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目的分析浙江地区26株幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)对克拉霉素和左氧氟沙星的耐药性,探讨H.pylori对克拉霉素、左氧氟沙星的耐药性,及其与23SrRNA基因、gyrA基因突变的关系。方法采用E-test法测定H.pylori对克拉霉素和左氧氟沙星的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),提取H.pylori基因组DNA,采用PCR法扩增23SrRNA和gyrA基因片段,并对扩增产物进行测序、分析。结果药敏实验结果显示26例临床分离株中,6例对克拉霉素耐药,6例对左氧氟沙星耐药,8例对克拉霉素和左氧氟沙星双重耐药。所有克拉霉素耐药菌株23SrRNA基因都存在A2143G突变;左氧氟沙星耐药菌株gyrA基因中的喹诺酮类耐药决定区(quinolone-resistance-determining region,QRDR)存在突变,主要在第87和91位氨基酸。结论 23SrRNA基因的A2143G突变是导致H.pylori对克拉霉素耐药的主要原因;gyrA基因的87和91位氨基酸突变是导致H.pylori对左氧氟沙星耐药的主要原因。 相似文献
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目的分析该院儿童感染肺炎链球菌(Sp)的耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法采集南京儿童医院2007年1月至2008年12月658株Sp,纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行抗菌剂敏感性实验,E-test法测最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果检出的肺炎链球菌株对红霉素、阿奇霉素,青霉素的敏感性最低,均低于10%。对阿奇霉素的耐药率高达96.50%。美洛培南、头孢曲松、氯霉素、氧氟沙星敏感性较高。万古霉素的敏感率为99.2%。结论南京地区肺炎链球菌对青霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素等抗菌剂耐药性高。应注意合理选择用药。 相似文献
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目的分析浙中地区幽门螺杆菌临床分离菌株对常用抗生素的体外耐药情况及临床耐药特征。
方法选取2015年5月至2015年8月浙江省金华市中心医院胃镜标本中分离到的296株幽门螺杆菌菌株进行体外药敏试验,分析其对甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星、克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林、庆大霉素和四环素等7种抗生素的幽门螺杆菌耐药情况。分别根据性别、年龄及疾病类型将所有病例分组。其中男性组139株,女性组157株;17~35岁组58株,36~55岁组157株,56~79岁组81株;上消化道炎症组212株,上消化道溃疡组84株。
结果在检测的296株幽门螺杆菌菌株中,甲硝唑耐药率最高(86.8%,257/296),其次为左氧氟沙星(35.1%,104/296)和克拉霉素(22.3%,66/296),阿莫西林、庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮和四环素未检测到耐药菌株,即耐药率均为0%。296株幽门螺杆菌菌株中,对7种抗生素全部敏感的菌株有37株,占为12.50%;单独耐药的菌株有132株,占44.60%(包括甲硝唑单独耐药130株、左氧氟沙星单独耐药1株、克拉霉素单独耐药菌株1株);双重耐药菌株86株,占29.05%(包括左氧氟沙星+甲硝唑双重耐药62株、克拉霉素+甲硝唑双重耐药24株);三重耐药的菌株41株,占13.85%(左氧氟沙星+克拉霉素+甲硝唑耐药)。同时,女性患者左氧氟沙星的耐药率高于男性患者(41.4% vs. 28.1%,χ2=5.760,P=0.016);17~35岁、36~55岁及56~79岁年龄组左氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为19.0%、42.0%、33.3%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.052,P=0.007),且17~35岁年龄组左氧氟沙星的耐药率明显低于36 ~ 55岁年龄组患者(P=0.002)。在炎症和溃疡患者中,左氧氟沙星耐药率(37.3% vs. 29.8%,χ2=1.486,P=0.223)、甲硝唑耐药率(86.3% vs. 88.1%,χ2=0.166,P=0.684)及克拉霉素耐药率(25.0% vs. 15.5%,χ2=3.150,P=0.076)的比较,差异亦均没有统计学意义。
结论浙中地区幽门螺杆菌菌株对甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星和克拉霉素耐药率高。且左氧氟沙星的耐药率明显与性别及年龄相关,应严格遵循抗生素治疗规范,并根据药敏结果进行个体化治疗,进而提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率。 相似文献
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目的研究阿奇霉素和克拉霉素对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的作用。方法微量肉汤稀释法测定阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、头孢他啶、环丙沙星和庆大霉素对4株铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);银染法鉴定使用医用微孔滤膜建立的铜绿假单胞菌生物膜体外模型的生物膜形成情况;结晶紫染色法检测阿奇霉素和克拉霉素对生物膜粘附性的影响;噻唑蓝法检测阿奇霉素和克拉霉素分别与头孢他啶、环丙沙星或庆大霉素的协同作用。结果铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 27853、PA1、PA2和PA3对阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、头孢他啶、环丙沙星和庆大霉素的MIC值分别为(32,64,1,≤0.125,0.25μg/m L)、(32,256,8,0.25,1μg/m L)、(64,128,256,32,2μg/m L)和(64,128,8,2,0.25μg/m L);银染法发现4株铜绿假单胞菌的培养微孔滤膜表面覆盖物均为灰黑色,浓厚致密,呈棉絮状膜样;与不加抗菌药物对照组相比,加入1/16 MIC或1/4 MIC的阿奇霉素以及1/16 MIC或1/4 MIC的克拉霉素均可显著降低4株菌生物膜的粘附性(P均0.05);与单独使用1 MIC头孢他啶、环丙沙星和庆大霉素相比,各抗菌药物联合1/16 MIC的阿奇霉素或1/16 MIC的克拉霉素均可分别降低以上4株菌生物膜中的活菌数量,差异有统计学意义(P均0.01)。结论阿奇霉素和克拉霉素可有效抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的形成,并与头孢他啶、环丙沙星或庆大霉素联合应用有协同作用。 相似文献
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目的 研究肺炎支原体(Mp)对大环内酯类药物的敏感性和耐药性以及不同pH值对大环内酯类药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)的影响.方法 在pH 7.0、7.3、7.6、7.9条件下.采用微量肉汤稀释法检测红霉素、阿奇霉素、交沙霉素、克拉霉索对40株Mp的MIC,并统计分析.结果 在同-pH值条件下,克拉霉素抗Mp活性最强;其次是阿奇霉素和交沙霉素;红霉素最差,且Mp对红霉素的耐药率大于12.5%(5/40).当pH值由7.0升到7.9时,4种大环内酯类药物的MIC都逐渐降低(p<0.05).MIC50:红霉素降低8倍,克拉霉素16倍.阿奇霉素31倍,交沙霉索8倍:MIC90:红霉素降低至少4倍.克拉霉索16倍,阿奇霉素16倍,交沙霉素8倍.结论 同-pH值条件下,抗Mp活性由强至弱排列依次为克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、交沙霉素和红霉素.Mp对红霉素存在一定程度的耐药现象.4种大环内酯类的MIC随培养基pH值升高而显著降低,即在一定pH值范围内,大环内酯类药物的抗菌活性随着pH的升高而增强. 相似文献
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《中华危重症医学杂志(电子版)》2016,(4)
目的 分析浙中地区幽门螺杆菌临床分离菌株对常用抗生素的体外耐药情况及临床耐药特征。方法 选取2015年5月至2015年8月浙江省金华市中心医院胃镜标本中分离到的296株幽门螺杆菌菌株进行体外药敏试验,分析其对甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星、克拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林、庆大霉素和四环素等7种抗生素的幽门螺杆菌耐药情况。分别根据性别、年龄及疾病类型将所有病例分组。其中男性组139株,女性组157株;17~35岁组58株,36~55岁组157株,56~79岁组81株;上消化道炎症组212株,上消化道溃疡组84株。结果 在检测的296株幽门螺杆菌菌株中,甲硝唑耐药率最高(86.8%,257/296),其次为左氧氟沙星(35.1%,104/296)和克拉霉素(22.3%,66/296),阿莫西林、庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮和四环素未检测到耐药菌株,即耐药率均为0%。296株幽门螺杆菌菌株中,对7种抗生素全部敏感的菌株有37株,占为12.50%;单独耐药的菌株有132株,占44.60%(包括甲硝唑单独耐药130株、左氧氟沙星单独耐药1株、克拉霉素单独耐药菌株1株);双重耐药菌株86株,占29.05%(包括左氧氟沙星+甲硝唑双重耐药62株、克拉霉素+甲硝唑双重耐药24株);三重耐药的菌株41株,占13.85%(左氧氟沙星+克拉霉素+甲硝唑耐药)。同时,女性患者左氧氟沙星的耐药率高于男性患者(41.4%vs.28.1%,χ2=5.760,P=0.016);17~35岁、36~55岁及56~79岁年龄组左氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为19.0%、42.0%、33.3%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.052,P=0.007),且17~35岁年龄组左氧氟沙星的耐药率明显低于36~55岁年龄组患者(P=0.002)。在炎症和溃疡患者中,左氧氟沙星耐药率(37.3%vs.29.8%,χ2=1.486,P=0.223)、甲硝唑耐药率(86.3%vs.88.1%,χ2=0.166,P=0.684)及克拉霉素耐药率(25.0%vs.15.5%,χ2=3.150,P=0.076)的比较,差异亦均没有统计学意义。结论浙中地区幽门螺杆菌菌株对甲硝唑、左氧氟沙星和克拉霉素耐药率高。且左氧氟沙星的耐药率明显与性别及年龄相关,应严格遵循抗生素治疗规范,并根据药敏结果进行个体化治疗,进而提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率。 相似文献
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目的 调查研究一起羊养殖场中发生的人畜共患羊种布鲁氏菌病(布病)暴发疫情的流行病学和分子特征。方法 血清学实验采用试管凝集试验检测布病抗体,采用纸片法检测菌株的药物敏感性,采用多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)和多位点序列分析(MLST)分析菌株的分子特征。结果 工作人员布鲁氏菌抗体阳性率为7/18,饲养羊的阳性率为5/8。2名工作人员血液分离培养出羊种布鲁氏菌(菌株编号:CQ-18和CQ-11),3只羊的血液分离培养出羊种布鲁氏菌(菌株编号:CQ-154、CQ-159和CQ-237)。药敏实验结果:5株菌对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、强力霉素、头孢曲松、诺氟沙星、米诺霉素、莫西沙星、氧氟沙星、利福平和链霉素敏感,CQ-154和CQ-237菌株对复方新诺明敏感,CQ-159、CQ-18和CQ-11菌株对复方新诺明耐药,5株菌均对阿奇霉素和克拉霉素耐药。MLVA分析发现,CQ-154菌株在BRU16位点少了一个串联重复序列,菌株CQ-18在BRU04位点增加了一个串联重复序列,MLST分析5株菌株ST型为8型。结论 布鲁氏菌长期在动物体内存在,是人畜感染布病无法根治的一个关键问题。在我国首次发现对复方新诺明耐药的羊种布鲁氏菌菌株。 相似文献
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Okamoto H Miyazaki S Tateda K Ishii Y Yamaguchi K 《The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy》2000,46(5):797-802
The in vitro activities (MIC and MBC) of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against clinical isolates in Japan were investigated in comparison with those of erythromycin A, clarithromycin, azithromycin, amoxycillin, cefdinir and levofloxacin. Telithromycin was more potent than the reference compounds against erythromycin A-susceptible or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates possessing either mef (mefA or mefE) genes or the ermB gene. Against erythromycin A-susceptible or inducibly resistant Staphylococcus aureus and erythromycin A-susceptible and intermediate Enterococcus faecalis, telithromycin was highly active. 相似文献
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目的本研究通过对肺炎链球菌耐药表型检测分析,掌握本地区肺炎链球菌耐药的现状和趋势。方法本文用E试验和K-B纸片扩散法检测84株肺炎链球菌临床分离株对9种抗生素的敏感性;用双纸片法确定大环内酯类耐药表型。结果84株肺炎链球菌红霉素耐药占85.7%(72/84),对青霉素不敏感率达57.1%(48/84)。左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸对该组细菌有较好的体外活性,敏感率分别为83.3%(70/84)和88.1%(74/84)。结论肺炎链球菌对大环内酯耐药严重,且表现对四环素、复方磺胺甲噁唑、青霉素等多重耐药;南昌地区大环内酯类耐药表型主要以cMLSB为主。 相似文献
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Antistreptococcal activity of telithromycin compared with seven other drugs in relation to macrolide resistance mechanisms in Russia
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Kozlov RS Bogdanovitch TM Appelbaum PC Ednie L Stratchounski LS Jacobs MR Bozdogan B 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2002,46(9):2963-2968
The susceptibilities of 468 recent Russian clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and 600 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates, from 14 centers in Russia, to telithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and penicillin G were tested. Penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae strains were rare except in Siberia, where their prevalence rate was 13.5%: most were penicillin intermediate, but for three strains (two from Smolensk and one from Novosibirsk) the MICs of penicillin G were 4 or 8 micro g/ml. Overall, 2.5% of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Efflux was the prevalent resistance mechanism (five strains; 41.7%), followed by ribosomal methylation encoded by constitutive erm(B), which was found in four isolates. Ribosomal mutation was the mechanism of macrolide resistance in three isolates; one erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolate had an A2059G mutation in 23S rRNA, and two isolates had substitution of GTG by TPS at positions 69 to 71 in ribosomal protein L4. All S. pyogenes isolates were susceptible to penicillin, and 11% were erythromycin resistant. Ribosomal methylation was the most common resistance mechanism for S. pyogenes (89.4%). These methylases were encoded by erm(A) [subclass erm(TR)] genes, and their expression was inducible in 96.6% of isolates. The rest of the erythromycin-resistant Russian S. pyogenes isolates (7.6%) had an efflux resistance mechanism. Telithromycin was active against 100% of pneumococci and 99.2% of S. pyogenes, and levofloxacin and quinupristin-dalfopristin were active against all isolates of both species. 相似文献
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Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
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L M Ednie M A Visalli M R Jacobs P C Appelbaum 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1996,40(8):1950-1952
Activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against 120 pneumococci from the United States were tested by agar dilution MIC. All three compounds yielded MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90S) of < or = 0.125 micrograms/ml against penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate strains, but MIC90S against resistant strains were > 128.0 micrograms/ml. All erythromycin-resistant strains were also resistant to clarithromycin and azithromycin. Clarithromycin yielded MICs which were generally one or two dilutions lower than those of the other two compounds for all strains. The respective bacteriostatic and bactericidal values (micrograms per milliliter) for two susceptible, two intermediate, and two resistant strains were 0.004 to 0.03 and 0.016 to 0.03 (0.004 to 0.03/0.016 to 0.03) (clarithromycin), 0.008 to 0.06/0.016/0.016 to 0.125 (erythromycin), and 0.016 to 0.06/0.03 to 0.125 (azithromycin); clarithromycin yielded the lowest values. All compounds were uniformly bactericidal after 24 h only; erythromycin was bactericidal at eight times the MIC, and azithromycin and clarithromycin were both bactericidal at two time the MIC. The relevance of these in vitro differences requires clarification by clinical trials. 相似文献
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In vitro susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis clinical isolates to tetracyclines,quinolones and macrolides 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We tested the in vitro activity of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin against 110 clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined with the Etest. The minimal concentrations at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC(90)) were 0.064 microg/ml doxycycline and 0.19 microg/ml tetracycline. In 9 isolates (8.1%), the MIC for doxycycline was 4-12 microg/ml. These isolates were also resistant to tetracycline with a MIC of 32-128 microg/ml. No significant difference was found between doxycycline and tetracycline (p = 0.076). Comparison of the two quinolones revealed that the MIC(90) for levofloxacin was 0.19 microg/ml and for ciprofloxacin, 0.5 microg/ml. A significant difference was found between doxycycline/tetracycline and levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (p = 0.0001), and between levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (p = 0.001). All the isolates were highly resistant to the macrolides with MIC > or = 256 microg/ml. This finding has important implications for cases in which Mycoplasma infection is suspected and culture and/or in vitro susceptibility tests are not available. 相似文献