中学生慢性疲劳综合症所致学校拒绝的现况调查

【目的】引进日本儿童慢性疲劳综合症(children chronic fatigue syndrome,CCFS)所致学校拒绝(不登校)的诊断基准并初步探讨国内中学生慢性疲劳综合症所致学校拒绝的发生现况。【方法】分层整群抽取哈尔滨市三个城区初中一年级至高中三年级、年龄在11.30-21.63岁的1 294名学生进行横断面调查。【结果】①在所调查样本中,发生睡眠问题及慢性疲劳相关症状的检出率分别为43.82%和48.38%,初、高中生及不同性别间差异无显著性(P>0.05);②中学生发生不同睡眠问题的检出率从高到低依次为晨起困难、入睡困难、嗜睡、夜间醒来的次数增加、睡眠时间颠倒以及失眠等;发生与慢性疲劳相关的不同症状检出率从高到低依次为注意力及记忆力低下、全身疲劳倦怠感、头痛头重、咽喉痛、肌肉无力、眩晕、肌肉痛等;③在647名有睡眠障碍及慢性疲劳相关症状的学生中,有6.1%的学生符合日本儿童慢性疲劳综合症所致学校拒绝的诊断基准,有一定比例的中学生有不同程度的学校状况不良。【结论】国内中学生由慢性疲劳所致的学校拒绝现况也较严重,应引起足够的警惕和重视。     

不同心理健康状况中学生睡眠质量的调查分析

目的 了解黑龙江省不同心理健康状况中学生的睡眠质量状况,为改善中学生身心健康提供科学依据.方法 采用分层随机整群方法,按黑龙江省不同地区经济发展水平,在省会城市、地级市、县级市共抽取有代表性学校11所中学生3 975人.采用 KesslerPsychological Distress Scale量表(K10)、自杀意念和自杀行为调查表调查中学生的心理健康状况,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表进行睡眠质量的调查.采用疲劳量表-14调查中学生疲劳现况.结果 随着中学生心理健康水平的降低,PSQI各成分的得分均呈现增加的趋势.29.7%中度抑郁心境的中学生有睡眠质量问题,约51.2%重度抑郁心境者有睡眠质量问题.有自杀意念、自杀行为者PSQI各成分得分均高于无自杀意念和无自杀企图者.34.1%有自杀意念和40.5%有自杀行为的中学生有睡眠质量问题,而有自杀行为的中学生的PSQI各成分得分均高于有自杀意念的中学生.K10得分、自杀意念、自杀行为以及疲劳量表-14得分与PSQI各成份及总分均呈显著相关.结论 中学生心理健康状况与睡眠质量之间密切相关.早期治疗失眠、提高睡眠质量对于防治精神障碍的发生和发展有重要的意义.     

哈尔滨市中学生慢性疲劳综合征现况及影响因素分析

目的 了解哈尔滨市中学生慢性疲劳综合征以及所致学校拒绝的流行现况,探讨影响儿童慢性疲劳的相关因素.方法 随机选取哈尔滨市市区初、高中学校各1所,附属乡镇中学1所(包括初中部和高中部),以整群抽样的方法对3所学校的初中一、二年级,高中一、二年级的中学生进行问卷调查.同卷内容包括自拟的一般情况调查表、睡眠问题及相关症状调查表、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)及疲劳量表-14.结果 哈尔滨市中学生慢性疲劳综合征总检出率为14.6%,且在不同年级、不同性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);慢性疲劳综合征的中学生焦虑和抑郁的发生率均明显高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);慢性疲劳综合征的中学生躯体疲劳和脑力疲劳得分均高于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 哈尔滨市中学生慢性疲劳综合征的检出率相对较高,且慢性疲劳中学生伴有明显的情绪障碍、躯体疲劳和脑力疲劳,应予以重视并尽早进行干预.     

高考压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响

目的探讨高考压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对考前复习期间141名高三学生的睡眠情况进行调查,结合认知能力筛查量表及数字划销测验,综合评定考前压力对中学生睡眠及认知功能的影响。结果试验组中学生PSQI总分及睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、日间障碍4个因子分均高于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);认知能力筛查量表(CASI)总分及注意力、心算、新近记忆、远时记忆、类聚流畅性、概念判断6个因子分均低于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);数字划销测验(NCT)净分及失误率高于对照组中学生,划对数目得分低于对照组中学生,划错数目、划漏数目得分高于对照组中学生,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高考压力不仅影响中学生的睡眠状况,而且在一定程度上影响认知功能。     

中学生慢性疲劳综合征自主神经功能分析

目的探讨中学生慢性疲劳综合征(CCFS)自主神经功能,为预防诊断和治疗CCFS提供理论依据。方法采用日本厚生省2004年儿童慢性疲劳综合征的诊断基准筛查中学生慢性疲劳综合征,选取27名CCFS中学生按照1∶1病例对照研究方法选取27名中学生做为对照组,采用短程心率变异性(HRV)分析和自主神经症状调查表(TMI)进行评价。结果 CCFS中学生自主神经症状失调的比例为59.3%,明显高于对照组;但HRV的频谱分析结果显示,各频域指标与对照组相比差异无统计学意义。结论 CCFS中学生多伴有自主神经功能的改变,提示CCFS对中学生的学习功能影响比较大,应引起学校、社会及家庭的重视。     

福州地区中学生生活满意度和睡眠质量的关系

目的探讨中学生生活满意度与睡眠质量的关系,为改善中学生的睡眠质量提供依据。方法选用青少年生活满意度量表(ASLS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI),对566名中学生进行问卷调查。结果中学生生活满意度得分存在性别差异,女生高于男生(P<0.01);初中生睡眠质量总分低于高中生(P<0.01)。生活满意度及其6个维度与PSQI之间呈负相关。生活满意度对PSQI具有负向预测作用,其中,以学校满意度、学业满意度和自由满意度对PSQI的预测作用尤为明显。结论中学生尤其是高中学生的睡眠问题不容忽视。提高中学生的学校满意度、学业满意度和自由满意度是改善其睡眠质量的重要途径。     

广州市部分中学生睡眠质量调查

目的了解中学生睡眠质量及其影响因素,为开展中学生保健工作提供依据.方法采用<匹兹堡睡眠质量指数>(PSQI)问卷进行集体测试.结果中学生睡眠质量主要存在睡眠质量欠佳、睡眠时间不足,出现睡眠障碍和日间功能障碍;影响学生睡眠质量的主要因素有学业负担过重、环境影响以及个人情绪3个因素.结论中学生睡眠质量存在着较严重的问题,应引起学校、家庭和社会的关注.     

尼日利亚中学生的健康需要

为了解尼日利亚青少年对健康的需要，作者在Uyo市的7个行政区的35所学校中分层随机抽取10所中学．对近600名学生调查。调查内容包括：医疗与急救设施；食品卫生；体育锻炼；娱乐与睡眠；校医及卫生服务设施；安全的饮用水供应；学校环境卫生、厕所及其卫生；安全用电；通风设备；吸烟的预防和控制措施；性教育；健康咨询的途径；个人卫生设施；合适的衣服以及学校家禽饲养场等15个与健康有关的问题。综合这些学生的调查结果，把中学生的健康需要归纳为5类。1改善中学学校卫生服务设施，提高学校卫生专业人员如核医、校护及健康咨询者的水平…     

中学生睡眠障碍和肥胖关系的分析

目的 了解徐州市中学生肥胖、睡眠障碍情况,并探讨肥胖与睡眠障碍的相互关系.方法 对徐州市的1 047名中学进行问卷及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)测评.结果 徐州市中学生的肥胖患病率为7.2％,超重患病率为17.5％.男生患病率大于女生,初三学生患病率高于初二和初一,性别和年级差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).徐州市中学生的睡眠障碍患病率为20.2％,肥胖组中学生的睡眠障碍患病率高于非肥胖组,且差异有统计学意义(x2=4.0,P＜ 0.05).结论 徐州市肥胖中学生睡眠障碍患病率较高,应引起社会、学校、家长的广泛关注.     

就寝-晨起时间及睡眠节律模式与青少年过敏性鼻炎的相关性研究

目的 分析青少年就寝时间、晨起时间及睡眠节律模式与过敏性鼻炎的相关性,为深入理解睡眠的健康效应及预防和干预过敏性疾病提供理论依据.方法 于2009年使用分层整群抽样方法对上海6个行政区4 932名在校中学生进行流行病学现况调查,采用《青少年睡眠卫生评估量表修订版》(M-ASHS)进行睡眠评估,采用青少年行为与健康问卷对...     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.