社会支持与社会功能及其影响因素的人群研究

目的 :研究社会支持、社会功能对人群的影响。方法 :以简阳市某厂 1160名职工为研究对象 ,用社会支持评定量表及 WHO制定的社会功能缺陷筛选量表作问卷调查 ,并对结果作多元线性回归分析。结果 :男性的社会功能缺陷高于女性。生活事件、SCL - 90阳性均分与社会功能缺陷呈正相关 ,年龄、社会支持与社会功能缺陷呈负相关 ;年龄、婚姻状况、工作性质、 SCL - 90阳性均分与社会支持呈负相关。结论 :婚姻状况对社会支持影响较大 ;生活事件是社会功能的主要影响因素 ;社会支持可减轻社会功能缺陷的程度。     

功能性消化不良患者抗焦虑、抑郁治疗前后的社会功能研究

目的：探讨功能性消化不良（ＦＤ）患者抗焦虑、抑郁治疗前后的社会功能。方法：采用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（ＳＤＳＳ）对２００例患者进行了评定,将有社会功能缺陷的７２例患者随机分为研究组和对照组给予常规治疗,研究组同时给予抗焦虑或（和）抗抑郁药物治疗,疗程２个月。结果：ＦＤ患者的社会功能缺陷发生率为３６％（７２／２００）。社会功能缺陷与性别及情绪障碍存在与否有关。治疗后ＳＤＳＳ评分研究组明显低于对照组（Ｐ     

学习困难儿童社会认知发展研究

目的 探讨学习困难儿童社会认知发展的研究现状,重点阐释学习困难儿童自我概念发展的特点及其社会认知发展的过程——社会信息加工各阶段的特点。方法 利用文献法整合国内外的相关研宛。结果 学习困难儿童社会认知发展中的某些方面存在缺陷。结论 学习困难儿童的自我概念存在明显的消极倾向,且在接纳与理解社会信息以及运用社会技能方面存在障碍。     

Malingering on the Social Security Disability Consultative Exam: A New Rating Scale

In disability examinations, benefits may depend on the findings of a psychological consultative examination (PCE), which in Louisiana usually involves a mental status examination and a Wechsler Scale. The disability determinations service (DDS) requires a warning that failure to do one's best may result in an unfavorable decision on the claim, but psychologists are officially discouraged from determining effort by the use of formal effort tests. Consequently, there is a need for internal indicators of effort. Formal testing of effort was undertaken in order to identify indicators of effort within the PCE in WAIS-age and WISC-age claimants. Our findings indicated that the total score of indicators was more predictive of effort than any single indicator. Regression equations yielded information on how much effort contributes to IQ. Classification accuracy for the new rating scale was described for a “dose-response” of effort. Disincentives for malingering detection in the PCE were identified.     

Treatment of Social Phobia: Potential Mediators and Moderators

Although the efficacy of numerous psychosocial interventions for social phobia has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about the mediators and moderators of treatment change. Three potential mediators here are discussed that are derived from prominent psychological theories: negative cognitive appraisal (estimated social costs), perceived self-efficacy (perceived social skills), and perceived emotional control. Furthermore, the generalized subtype of social phobia and the additional diagnosis of avoidant personality disorder are considered as potential treatment moderators.     

Some Problems in the Measurement of Stress and Social Readjustment

Abstract

Although the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has been a useful stimulant to the study of life change and illness, it has important limitations. The existing scale cannot be used to determine the role of varying types of life changes (e.g., favorable or adverse) in the occurrence of illness. Other problems discussed are ambiguity of items, the confounding of independent and dependent variables, and lack of item specification. Suggestions are made for improved measurement of life change and for more effective study of life change and illness.     

行为问题儿童听觉事件相关电位P300对照研究

目的:探讨行为问题儿童听觉事件相关电位P300特点.方法:用Achenbach儿童行为问卷(CBCL)和中国联合型瑞文测验(CRT-C2)筛选行为问题儿童,并按同性别、同年龄进行1:2配对;采用odd模式测试听觉事件相关电位.结果:①问题组儿童的P300各项指标与对照组儿童无显著差异;②混合问题组P300潜伏期较单一问题组延迟(P<0.05),Pz点P300的基线波幅混合问题组与单一问题组的差异接近有统计学意义.③行为问题儿童Pz点P300基线波幅与行为问卷总分呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论:行为问题较为严重的儿童可能有认知功能损害.     

阅读障碍的“成分模型”理论基础及操作原理（综述）

在阅读障碍研究领域,智商-成绩差异模型(IQ-Achievement Discrepancy Model,简称差异模型)自产生之日起备受研究者喜爱且已成为许多国家阅读障碍研究中广为采用的检测模型,几种可能的解释是:差异模型检测可操作性强,且检测出的阅读障碍者属于特殊阅读障碍(specific developmental dyslexia),从而保证了该缺陷不会扩展到其他领域;     

Social Self-Efficacy and Behavior Problems in Maltreated and Nonmaltreated Children

Compared unstructured home observational measures of family climate, dyadic relationship, and individual behavior in 33 families with disruptive-referred, disruptive-nonreferred, and average children (n = 11 in each group) to assess interactional processes that may account for differences in referral status. Disruptive-referred families differed from the other two groups by being much more aggressive overall, and in the child-mother and child-siblings relationships in particular; whereas average families differed from the other two groups by being much more positive overall, and in the child-mother relationship specifically. Disruptive-nonreferred families were similar to average families in that they did not display high levels of aggression, but similar to referred families in that they showed relatively low levels of positiveness, especially in the child-mother relationship. The correlational nature of the study does not permit any causal conclusion, but the results suggest that relatively low levels of positiveness and compliance, coupled with high levels of aggression, especially in the child-mother relationship, may play an important role in determining whether a family will seek professional services for disruptive child-behavior problems.     

大鼠脑缺血不同时期躯体感觉诱发电位的研究

脑电信号（EEG）具有较高的时间分辨率、可观测脑内活动的动态变化、完全无损检测等优点,常用于对神经系统疾病的诊断,本研究探讨脑缺血后躯体感觉诱发电位（SEP）变化及大脑皮层的功能恢复。利用线栓法建模成功的25只SD雄性大鼠分为5组,分别为正常对照组和左侧中动脉缺血术后4、24、 48 h和1周4个实验组。采用SEP记录法,在术后不同时间段电刺激大鼠的右前爪正中神经支配区,记录对照组和实验组左侧皮层脑电信号,提取SEP,并对安静状态下的脑电进行频谱分析,定量评价左侧中动脉缺血后初级体感皮层SEP及功率谱变化过程。实验结果显示,术后4 h,SD大鼠左侧大脑皮层测得的SEP潜伏期较正常状态显著增大（（16.0±1.1）ms vs（33.7±1.3）ms,P<0.01）,波幅变小（（197.2±13.0）μV vs（25.1±2.0）μV,P<0.01）,θ波、α波、β波、γ波的能量明显变小。θ波：（139 367.86±178.66）μV^2vs（2.22±0.40）μV²,P <0.01;α波:（5389.33±25.55）μV² vs（0.23±0.01）μV²,P<0.01;β波：（7911±416）μV² vs（0.01±0.01）μV²,p<0.01; γ波：（0.30±0.12）μV² vs（0.00±0.00）μV²,P<0.01。随着术后时间的延长,上述特征与对照组的差距逐渐缩小,但还不能达到正常状态的水平。研究提示,SEP可在一定程度上反映脑缺血大鼠大脑皮层功能的变化。     

小学儿童社会创造性倾向问卷的测量学分析

目的:检验小学儿童社会创造性倾向问卷的项目区分度、问卷的信度和效度.方法:采用t检验和相关分析检验项目区分度,以Cronbach α系数和γ系数、分半相关、重测相关检验问卷的信度,以验证性因素分析和t检验、相关分析考察结构效度、效标效度.结果:①通过探索性因子分析抽取六个主因子:威信、冲突解决能力、出众性、坚毅进取性、社会智力、主动尽责性,各个项目均具有良好的区分度;②问卷的Cmnbach α系数为0.87,γ系数为0.72,分半相关系数为0.81,重测相关系数为0.63;③验证性因素分析表明,x2/df=1.51,IFI,NFI,RFI,CFI,TLI等指数均大于0.96,RMSEA=0.05,问卷测量结果与教师评价、社会技能评价以及访谈结果呈显著正相关.结论:小学儿童社会创造性倾向问卷达到心理测量学基本要求.     

僧帽细胞电位发放的模型分析

本文构造从感觉神经元、僧帽细胞到大脑皮层神经元,并反馈到颗粒细胞的嗅觉神经系统模型.数值分析模型结构中各个神经元的电位发放,特别是嗅小球内的细胞电位变化,结果显示僧帽细胞的发放对感觉神经元的刺激变化较大,僧帽细胞对皮层细胞的相图出现各种模式,从而模型刻画了嗅觉系统中僧帽细胞的信息传递特性.