我国新分离乙脑病毒02-76株的全基因序列特征

目的对我国新分离乙脑病毒02-76株进行全基因序列测定和分析，了解乙脑病毒基因组结构及毒力特性。方法设计乙脑病毒全基因组扩增引物，RT-PCR扩增片段，PCR产物直接测序，拼接后获得全基因序列。通过Clustal X（1．8）、DNASTAR、GENEDOC（3．2）等生物学软件进行核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析和病毒的系统进化分析。结果新分离乙脑病毒02．76株全基因组全长10977个核苷酸，从96位到10391位，共10296个核苷酸编码一个开放阅读框，编码3432个氨基酸。与我国1949年分离的Beijing-1株相比较共存在248个核苷酸差异，16个氨基酸差异。与GenBank中选择的29株乙脑病毒全基因序列比较发现，其核苷酸总体差异率为0．6％-15．1％，氨基酸总体差异率为0．2％-4．6％。通过PrM／C区段、E区段、3’NTR区段及全基因序列进行系统进化分析均显示该毒株属于基因3型乙脑病毒。结论新分离的乙脑病毒02-76株属于基因3型，与中国分离株SA-14进化关系最接近。     

从病毒性脑炎患者标本分离的基因I型乙脑病毒全基因组序列特征研究

目的通过现代分子生物学理论与技术测定和分析了从脑炎患者脑脊液标本分离的基因I型乙脑病毒（GZ56株）全基因组序列特征,以了解其致病性的分子基础。方法采用RT．PCR法和核酸序列测定法获得病毒基因组全序列,并利用DNASTAR、ClustalX version2．0．9及MEGAversion4．1等生物学软件分析该乙型脑炎病毒核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列及系统进化等。结果研究结果表明从病毒性脑炎患者脑脊液标本分离的基因I型乙脑病毒（GZ56株）基因组全长为10965nt,编码3432个氨基酸。病毒全基因组分子进化分析显示GZ56株全基因组与国际上第一株从蚊虫分离的基因I型乙脑病毒（M-28株）处于同一进化分支。GZ56株与其他基因I型乙脑病毒核昔酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为96．2％～98．6％和98．2％～99．7％。病毒E基因与乙脑病毒灭活疫苗株P3相比存在11个氨基酸差异位点,而与乙脑病毒减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,在E蛋白上存在14个氨基酸差异位点。结论本研究提示,从病毒性脑炎患者标本分离的基因I型乙脑病毒全基因组未见明显变化,从基因组水平可以推测该病毒可以被现行的乙脑疫苗所保护。     

四川省流行性乙型脑炎病毒优势基因型的研究

目的了解四川省乙脑主要流行区乙脑病毒的分子生物学特性,为防治提供依据。方法对2007-2010年间分离到的13株乙脑病毒进行PreM和E基因区扩增,采用MEGA5生物学软件完成氨基酸序列和病毒进化树分析。结果基因分型显示13株均属于基因I型。13株病毒之间比较,PreM基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性为97％-100％和98．7％-100％,E基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性为97．8％～99．9％和99．6％～100％,其同源性极高。13株病毒与2004年四川分离株比较E基因核苷酸同源性在97．7％～99．6％之间,氨基酸同源性在98．6％-100％之间;PreM基因的核苷酸同源性在96．2％-99．1％之间,氨基酸同源性在97．5％-98．7％之间;与疫苗株P3和SA14—14—2比较E基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为87．6％～88．3％和97％～97．8％;PreM基因核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为84．1％～85．8％和93．7％-96．2％。13株病毒E基因的8个氨基酸毒力位点均没有发生改变。结论四川省乙脑病毒已呈现基因I型为优势型别的态势,其PreM和E区核苷酸和氨基酸高度保守,关键的氨基酸毒力位点没有变化,提示目前使用的疫苗对流行株的感染具有保护作用。     

2008年甘肃省新分离乙脑病毒的分子生物学特征

目的 对2008年甘肃省新分离乙脑病毒的PrM和E基因区段进行序列测定和分析,明确新分离病毒的基因型别并对E基因序列的分子特征进行分析.方法 对新分离乙脑病毒的PrM和E基因区段进行PCR扩增并测定序列.使用ClustalX2.09、MegAlign和Mega4软件对核苷酸和氨基酸序列进行分析并绘制系统发生树.结果 系统进化分析结果显示6株病毒均为基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒,并且与2001和2002年越南分离株、2004年日本分离株及2004年我国四川省分离株进化关系较近.新分离株与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,E基因核苷酸同源性为87.5%～87.9%,氨基酸同源性为96.8%～97.2%.新分离株与疫苗株在E基因区段存在11处共同位点的氨基酸差异.结论 2008年甘肃省分离的乙脑病毒均为基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒,新分离株E基因氨基酸序列与疫苗株相比有部分差异,但均不属于决定抗原性的关键位点.     

浙江省基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒全基因序列的测定及分析

目的 为了获得浙江省乙脑病毒基因组详尽的资料,研究基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒的分子特征及变异程度,为乙脑病毒分子流行病学及其基因研究提供科学依据.方法 设计特异性引物、RT-PCR分段扩增XJ69和XJP613株全基因,PER产物纯化后克隆于T载体并进行序列测定.通过生物学软件进行核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列分析和病毒的系统进化分析.结果 新分离乙脑病毒XJ69和NJP613株全基因组全长均为10 964个核苷酸,含有一个开放阅读框架,编码3432个氨基酸.与GenBank中选择的32株乙脑病毒全基因序列比较发现,其核苷酸同源为83.5%～99.2%,氨基酸总体同源性为97.5%～99.7%.通过PrM/C区段、E区段及全基因序列进行系统进化分析均显示该毒株属于基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒.结论 新分离的乙脑病毒XJ69和XJP613株属于基因Ⅰ型,与上海三带喙库蚊分离株SH17M-07关系最为接近.     

Genomic sequence of a Japanese encephalitis virus isolate from southern China

We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolate (designated SH17M-2007) from a pool of Culex tritaeniorhynchus collected in southern China in 2007. The genome consisted of 10,965 nucleotides and included a single open reading frame (10,296 nucleotides) that encodes a 3,432-amino-acid polyprotein. The SH17M-2007 had 97.3 to 98.4% nucleotide identity with two Korean strains (KV1899, K94P05) and two Japanese strains (Ishikawa, JEV/sw/Mie/40/2004), but only 88.8% identity with the Chinese vaccine strain SA14-14-2. Five unique amino acid substitutions including one in the envelope (E) protein (Glu^E-306-Lys) were found in the SH17M-2007 strain. Phylogenetic relationships based on the full-length nucleotide sequences were similar to those based on the E gene.     

2008年辽宁省乙脑病毒分离株全基因组特征分析

目的 对2008年分离自辽宁蚊虫的乙脑病毒株进行全基因组序列测定和分析,了解其全基因组特征.方法 使用针对乙脑病毒全基因组测序引物,RT-PCR扩增片段,完成对病毒全基因组序列的测定.应用Chstal X(1.83)、ATGC(V4)、DNAStar、GENEDOC(3.2)、Mega(4.0)等生物学软件完成全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析及病毒的系统进化分析.结果 乙脑病毒LN0828株基因组全长10 965个核苷酸,其中从97位到10 392位为开放读码框,编码3432个氨基酸.与GenBank中的32株乙脑病毒在全基因组水平的核苷酸总体差异率为1.6%～16.4%,氨基酸总体差异率为0.3%～5.1%.与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2相比,编码区共存在1186个核苷酸差异,86个氨基酸差异.全基因组序列系统进化分析显示LN0828株属于基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒.结论 与该地区2002年和2007年乙脑病毒分离株高度同源,关键位点氨基酸未见变异.     

武汉市新分离2株乙型脑炎病毒E基因分型及序列分析

目的 对2009年武汉市新分离的2株乙型脑炎（简称乙脑）病毒进行基因分型和序列分析,了解本地乙脑病毒株的分子生物学特性。方法 将2009年从三带喙库蚊中分离的两株乙型脑炎病毒用RT-PCR法扩增E基因,将其进行测序,并用DNAstar and MegAlign软件与其他基因型代表株进行比对。结果 16组样品检出两株阳性（WHJX9-09、WHJX10-09）,这两株阳性均属于GI型。两株新分离JEV之间的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为98.9％和100％。同目前在武汉市使用的疫苗株SA-14-14-2相比,核苷酸同源性分别为87.4％、87.9％,氨基酸同源性为96.9％。共有15个氨基酸发生变异分布在3个不同结构域,中和位点没有变异但是神经毒力位点仍然存在。结论 武汉市本地新分离乙脑病毒基因型为GI型,不同于1988年在武汉检出的GⅢ型的基因型,和疫苗株SA-14-14-2相比,其神经毒力并没有减弱,但疫苗产生的抗体对新出现的GI型乙脑病毒仍有中和作用。因此提高乙脑疫苗的接种率并配合防蚊灭蚊措施对控制乙脑疫情依然至关重要。同时有必要对本市蚊虫及乙脑患者进行长期的病原学监测工作,为乙脑预测预警体系的建立提供科学依据。     

山东省新分离乙脑病毒(SD08-10株)全基因组序列特征

目的 对山东省新分离乙脑病毒SD08-10株进行全基因组序列测定和分析,全面了解其基因组特征.方法 设计乙脑病毒全基因组序列扩增引物,RT-PCR扩增片段,PCR产物直接测序,拼接后获得全基因组序列.采用Clestal X(1.8)、DNAStar、GENEDOC(3.2)、Mega(4.0)等生物学软件进行核苷酸序列及氨基酸序列分析和病毒的系统进化分析.结果 新分离乙脑病毒SD08-10株基因组全长10 965个核苷酸,从97位到10 392位,共10 296个核苷酸编码一个开放阅读框,编码3432个氨基酸.与GenBank登录的所有59株乙脑病毒全基因组序列比较发现,其核苷酸总体差异率为0.7%～18.9%,氨基酸总体差异率为0.1%～5.2%.与目前使用的减毒活疫苗株SA-14-14-2株相比较,全基因组共存在1253个核苷酸差异,82个氨基酸差异.全基因组序列系统进化分析显示SD08-10属于基因Ⅰ型乙脑病毒.结论 新分离的乙脑病毒SD08-10株属于基因Ⅰ型,与2007年中国分离株SH17M-07进化关系最接近.     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒脑脊液分离株"47株"全基因组特征分析

目的 对1950年分离自我国黑龙江省患者脑脊液的乙脑病毒"47株"进行全基因组序列的测定和分析,全面了解其全基因组特征.方法 复苏毒种提取病毒RNA,使用自行设计的乙脑病毒全基因组扩增测序引物,完成对病毒全基因组序列的测定.采用DNAStar、Modeltest、Phylip等生物软件完成全基因组核苷酸、氨基酸序列差异分析和乙脑病毒全基因组的系统进化分析.结果 乙脑病毒"47株"全长10 977个核苷酸.96至10 391位为开放读码框ORF,共10 296个核苷酸,编码3432个氨基酸."47株"与5株疫苗株在全基因组水平的核苷酸差异在2.4%～4.4%之间,氨基酸差异在0.3%～1.1%之间.乙脑病毒全基因组最适进化模型为GTR+I+G.全基因组进化分析显示"47株"属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒.结论 "47株"全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸高度保守,属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒.     

从辽宁省再次分离到基因1型乙型脑炎病毒

目的 了解2007年在辽宁省分离的乙型脑炎病毒基因型别及其病毒E基因分子特征.方法2006年8月在辽宁省东港市采集蚊虫标本,利用组织培养细胞进行病毒分离,对病毒分离物进行血清学和分子生物学鉴定.结果从采集的30批,共1500只三带喙库蚊标本中分离到2株病毒,命名为LNDG07-02、LNDG07-16,经鉴定均为基因1型乙脑病毒.病毒E基因区段核苷酸和氨基酸序列与乙脑减毒活疫苗株(SA14-14-2株)的同源性分别为87.8%～88.0%和97.2%,新分离病毒E基因区段与疫苗株存在11处氨基酸位点差异,与2002年在辽宁省分离的乙脑病毒相比,未发现氨基酸位点变异.结论自2002年以来在东港市再次分离到基因1型乙脑病毒,与2002年在辽宁分离的基因1型乙脑病毒相比E基因区段氨基酸未发生变异.基因1型乙脑病毒在辽宁省东港市持续存在.     

Complete genome sequence analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from a horse in India

The complete genome of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strain JEV/eq/India/H225/2009(H225), isolated from an infected horse in India, was sequenced and compared to previously published JEV genomes. H225 genome was 10,977-nucleotides long, comprising a single ORF of 10,299-nucleotides, a 5′-UTR of 95 nucleotides and a 3′-UTR of 582 nucleotides. The H225 genome showed high levels of sequence identity with 47 fully sequenced JEV genomes, ranging from 99.3 % to 75.5 % for nucleotides and 99.2 % to 91.5 % for amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length sequence indicated that the H225 strain belongs to genotype III and is closely related to the Indian JEV strain Vellore P20778. A comparison of amino acids associated with neurovirulence in the E proteins and non-structural proteins of known virulent and attenuated JEV strains suggested H225 to be a highly virulent strain. This is the first report of whole-genome sequencing of a genotype III JEV genome isolated from equines.     

Comparison of genomic and amino acid sequences of eight Japanese encephalitis virus isolates from bats

We compared nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of eight Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) isolates derived from bats in China. We also compared the bat JEV isolates with other JEV isolates available from GenBank to determine their genetic similarity. We found a high genetic homogeneity among the bat JEVs isolated in different geographical areas from various bat species at different time periods. All eight bat JEV isolates belonged to genotype III. The mean evolutionary rate of bat JEV isolates was lower than those of isolates of other origin, but this difference was not statistically significant. Based on these results, we presume that the bat JEV isolates might be evolutionarily conserved. The eight bat JEV isolates were phylogenetically similar to mosquito BN19 and human Liyujie isolates of JEV. These results indicate that bats might be involved in natural cycle of JEV.     

Nucleotide and Predicted Amino Acid Sequences of All Genes Encoded by the 3′ Genomic Portion (9.5 kb) of Respiratory Bovine Coronaviruses and Comparisons Among Respiratory and Enteric Coronaviruses

The 3′-ends of the genomes (9538 bp) of two wild-type respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) isolates LSU and OK were obtained by cDNA sequencing. In addition, the 3′-end of the genome (9545) of the wild-type enteric bovine coronavirus (EBCV) strain LY-138 was assembled from available sequences and by cDNA sequencing of unknown genomic regions. Comparative analyses of RBCV and EBCV nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed that RBCV-specific nucleotide and amino acid differences were disproportionally concentrated within the S gene and the genomic region between the S and E genes. Comparisons among virulent and avirulent BCV strains revealed that virulence-specific nucleotide and amino acid changes were located within the S and E genes, and the 32 kDa open reading frame. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Molecular phylogenetic and positive selection analysis of Japanese encephalitis virus strains isolated from pigs in China

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the most important virus which causes encephalitis. This disease is most prevalent in the south, southeast and the east region of Asia. In this study, two JEV strains, named JEV/SW/GD/01/2009 and JEV/SW/GZ/09/2004, were isolated from aborted fetuses and seminal fluid of pigs in China. To determine the characteristic of these virus isolates, the virulence of two newly JEV isolates was investigated, the result evidenced that the JEV/SW/GD/01/2009 did not kill mice, while the JEV/SW/GZ/09/2004 displayed neurovirulence with 0.925 log₁₀ p.f.u./LD50. Additionally, the full genome sequences of JEV were determined and compared with other known JEV strains. Results demonstrated that the genome of two JEV isolates was 10,976 nucleotides (nt) in length. As compared to the Chinese vaccine strain SA14-14-2, the JEV/SW/GD/01/2009 and the JEV/SW/GZ/09/2004 showed 99.7% and 97.5% identity at the nucleotide level, 99.6% and 96.7% identity at the amino acid level, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the full-length genome revealed that two JEV isolates were all clustered into genotype III compared to the reference strains. Furthermore, selection analyses revealed that dominant selective pressure acting on the JEV genome was purifying selection. Four sites under positive selection were identified: codon 521 (amino acid E-227), 2296 (amino acid NS4b-24), 3048 (amino acid NS5-521) and 3055 (amino acid NS5-528). Amino acid E-227 was proved to be related to neurovirulence. Taken together, the molecular epidemiology and functional of positively selected amino acid sites of two newly JEV isolates were fully understood, which might be helpful to predict possible changes in virulence.     

Complete genome analysis and molecular characterization of Usutu virus that emerged in Austria in 2001: comparison with the South African strain SAAR-1776 and other flaviviruses

Here we describe the complete genome sequences of two strains of Usutu virus (USUV), a mosquito-borne member of the genus Flavivirus in the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) serogroup. USUV was detected in Austria in 2001 causing a high mortality rate in blackbirds; the reference strain (SAAR-1776) was isolated in 1958 from mosquitoes in South Africa and has never been associated with avian mortality. The Austrian and South African isolates exhibited 97% nucleotide and 99% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic trees were constructed displaying the genetic relationships of USUV with other members of the genus Flavivirus. When comparing USUV with other JEV serogroup viruses, the closest lineage was Murray Valley encephalitis virus (nt: 73%, aa: 82%) followed by JEV (nt: 71%, aa: 81%) and West Nile virus (nt: 68%, aa: 75%). Comparison of the genomes showed that the conserved structural elements and putative enzyme motifs were homologous in the two USUV strains and the JEV serogroup. The factors that determine the severe clinical symptoms caused by the Austrian USUV strain in Eurasian blackbirds are discussed. We also offer a possible explanation for the origins and dispersal of USUV, JEV, and MVEV out of Africa.     

Recombination and positive selection identified in complete genome sequences of Japanese encephalitis virus

The mosquito-borne Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes encephalitis in man but not in pigs. Complete genomes of a human, mosquito and pig isolate from outbreaks in 1982 and 1985 in Thailand were sequenced with the aim of identifying determinants of virulence that may explain the differences in outcomes of JEV infection between pigs and man. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that five of these isolates belonged to genotype I, but the 1982 mosquito isolate belonged to genotype III. There was no evidence of recombination among the Thai isolates, but there were phylogenetic signals suggestive of recombination in a 1994 Korean isolate (K94P05). Two sites of the genome under positive selection were identified: codons 996 and 2296 (amino acids 175 of the non-structural protein NS1 and 24 of NS4B, respectively). A structurally significant substitution was seen at NS4B position 24 of the human isolate compared with the mosquito and pig isolates from the 1985 outbreak in Thailand. The potential importance of the two sites in the evolution and ecology of JEV merits further investigation.     

四川省分离的基因1型乙型脑炎病毒分子特征分析

目的 从四川省巴中市采集的蚊虫标本中分离乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)病毒(JEV),确定其基因型别,并分析相关的基因1型乙脑病毒PrM和E基因区段氨基酸序列特征.方法 对2004年采集蚊虫标本进行病毒分离,对新分离的乙脑病毒进行生物学、血清学及分子生物学鉴定.逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增新分离JEV的PrM、E区段核苷酸序列,测序后应用Clustal X软件做碱基配对分析,MEGA4软件完成病毒进化分析,GENEDOC(3.2)软件完成氨基酸位点分析,根据蜱传脑炎病毒可溶性蛋白晶体结构为模板进行乙脑病毒E蛋白三维结构模拟预测分析.结果 共采集4668只蚊虫标本,主要是骚扰阿蚊和库蚊,分离到6株病毒,经鉴定均属于基因1型的乙脑病毒.将四川省分离的6个毒株结合我国新分离的基因1型乙脑病毒与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2株的PrM区段和E区段氨基酸比较,发现PrM区段在PrM2、64和65位存在基因1型乙脑病毒独有的氨基酸位点差异,E区段存在14处共同的氨基酸位点差异,其中在E129、222、327和366位点为中国目前分离到的基因1型乙脑病毒所特有的位点特征.结论 从四川省巴中市首次分离到基因1型的乙脑病毒,并发现基因1型乙脑病毒与减毒活疫苗株之间PrM、E基因区段存在氨基酸差异,但现行疫苗株理论上可以保护新分离的基因1型乙脑病毒.     

四川省分离的基因1型乙型脑炎病毒分子特征分析

目的 从四川省巴中市采集的蚊虫标本中分离乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)病毒(JEV),确定其基因型别,并分析相关的基因1型乙脑病毒PrM和E基因区段氨基酸序列特征.方法 对2004年采集蚊虫标本进行病毒分离,对新分离的乙脑病毒进行生物学、血清学及分子生物学鉴定.逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增新分离JEV的PrM、E区段核苷酸序列,测序后应用Clustal X软件做碱基配对分析,MEGA4软件完成病毒进化分析,GENEDOC(3.2)软件完成氨基酸位点分析,根据蜱传脑炎病毒可溶性蛋白晶体结构为模板进行乙脑病毒E蛋白三维结构模拟预测分析.结果 共采集4668只蚊虫标本,主要是骚扰阿蚊和库蚊,分离到6株病毒,经鉴定均属于基因1型的乙脑病毒.将四川省分离的6个毒株结合我国新分离的基因1型乙脑病毒与减毒活疫苗株SA14-14-2株的PrM区段和E区段氨基酸比较,发现PrM区段在PrM2、64和65位存在基因1型乙脑病毒独有的氨基酸位点差异,E区段存在14处共同的氨基酸位点差异,其中在E129、222、327和366位点为中国目前分离到的基因1型乙脑病毒所特有的位点特征.结论 从四川省巴中市首次分离到基因1型的乙脑病毒,并发现基因1型乙脑病毒与减毒活疫苗株之间PrM、E基因区段存在氨基酸差异,但现行疫苗株理论上可以保护新分离的基因1型乙脑病毒.     

Complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome RNA

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genome RNA was determined. The JEV genome contains 10,976 nucleotides and encodes a single long open reading frame (ORF) of 10,296 nucleotides corresponding to 3432 amino acid residues. This long polypeptide is thought to be cleaved into three structural proteins and several nonstructural proteins of the virus. The genetic location of the three structural proteins was determined by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence from the nucleotide sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequences that were determined from the three purified structural proteins. The C-terminal region of the ORF may encode a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which has significant sequence homology with those of other RNA viruses.